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Turaga na Vunivalu na Tui Kaba, shortened as Vunivalu, is the Paramount Chief of the Kubuna Confederacy of the island of Bau in Fiji. Loosely translated the title means Warlord of Bau or "Root of War". [1] The succession to the title does not follow primogeniture, but the candidate must be a high-ranking member of the Tui Kaba clan.
The Vunivalu was not always the senior Chieftain in Kubuna and Bau. When Vueti a great grandson of Lutunasobasoba defeated the Tui Viti's sons at Nakauvadra, he was awarded with a Tui Viti sacred stone- award signifying authority (tawake or flag). [2] From Nakauvadra, he left via Nakorotubu and had his 1st child, a son through supernatural powers or Gonesau [3] known as Nadurucoko who was raised by the Dewala tribe at Korolevu fort in Dewala, Nakorotubu. Nadurucoko the first (1st) Gonesau, was the father of Nabuinivuaka Nailatikau 1- the 1st Vunivalu of Bau. [4] He then continued on his returned journey to Moturiki and finally to Bau. [5] Vueti as the founder of Bau island in short for 'veibauyaki' or nomadic tribe (named after his last temporary nomadic residence in Bau in Wainibuka) was bestowed with the Roko Tui Bau title. Vueti then ordered for a sacred temple to be built in Bau and kept the Tui Viti sacred stone award of authority (tawake) that was given by the chiefs at Nakauvadra at the foundation mound and named the temple as Vatanitawake translated as 'the shelter or shelve of the signifying authority award or flag'. [6]
The Vunivalu of Bau title was considered subordinate to the Roko Tui Bau. [7] [8] Power struggles between the various chiefly households came to a head with the exile of the Vunivalu Tanoa Visawaqa in the early 19th century after a series of murders and reprisals. [7] [9] His son Seru Epenisa Cakobau however was allowed to remain in Bau during his fathers exile. Cakobau gained power by subverting the Lasakau people to plot and execute the overthrow of the ruling group, led by Ratu Ravulo Vakayaliyalo, in 1837; Seru Epenisa Cakobau then reinstated his father as ruler. [10]
Cakobau eventually succeeded to the title himself. He created much of its prestige by styling himself King of Fiji; he led the process that culminated in cession of the islands to the United Kingdom in 1874. [8]
The position fell vacant with the death of Ratu Sir George Cakobau, in 1989. For the next decade, there was a search for a successor. On 9 June 2005, his son Senator Ratu George Cakobau Jr. announced that the chiefs of Matanitu o Bau (the traditional chiefly government of Bau, which includes the districts of Namata, Namara, Nausori, Dravo, Buretu, Kiuva, and Viwa (Fiji), had selected four chiefly candidates, to be submitted to the Tui Kaba clan, which will be asked to choose one of them as the next Vunivalu. The four candidates are Ratu George Cakobau Jr. himself, his brother Ratu Epenisa Cakobau, Ratu George Kadavulevu Naulivou, and former Vice-President Ratu Jope Seniloli. A second meeting held a week later tentatively proposed Senator Cakobau as the new Vunivalu.
Cakobau's appointment had still not been finalized and was not without controversy. Adi Finau Tabakaucoro, a member of the Tui Kaba clan and a senior chief, complained on 27 June that the proper procedures were not being followed. The new Vunivalu should be elected by the whole clan, she said, rather than chosen by a few elders. She thought it wrong to exclude from the list of candidates the name of Senator Cakobau's sister, Adi Samanunu Cakobau-Talakuli, because she was the eldest child of the last Vunivalu.
Attempts to find an agreeable successor again failed in 2012, and the selection process was put on hold for the time being. [11] Former vice-president Seniloli passed away in 2015 and Senator Cakobau in 2018. In 2023 Ratu Epenisa Cokabau, great-great grandson of Ratu Seru Epenisa Cakobau and king of Fiji, was installed in a traditional ceremony. [12]
The Vunivalu when installed, also takes the title of Tui Levuka, as he is the traditional leader of the Levuka people of Lakeba, Lau. The wife of the Vunivalu is titled Radi Levuka .
| Order | Portrait | Vunivalu | Reign | Lifespan |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Ratu Nailatikau | ? – 1770 | ? – 1770 | |
| 2. | Ratu Banuve Baleivavalagi | 1770–1803 | ? – February 1803 | |
| 3. | Ratu Naulivou Ramatenikutu | 1803–1829 | ? – 1829 | |
| 4. |  | Ratu Tanoa Visawaqa | 1829–1832 | ? – 8 December 1852 |
| 5. | Navuaka Komainaqaranikula Tui Veikoso | 1832–1837 | ? – ? | |
| 6. | | Ratu Tanoa Visawaqa | 1837–1852 | s.a. |
| 7. |  | Ratu Seru Epenisa Cakobau Tui Viti | 1852–1883 | 1815 – 1 February 1883 |
| 8. |  | Ratu Epeli Nailatikau I† | 1883–1901 | 1842–1901 |
| 9. |  | Ratu Penaia Kadavulevu† | 1901–1914 | ? – 1914 |
| 10. | Ratu Popi Seniloli | 1914–1936 | 1883 – 11 October 1936 | |
| 11. | Ratu Tevita Naulivou† | 1936–1957 | ? – 1957 | |
| 12. |  | Ratu Sir George Cakobau | 1957–1989 | 6 November 1912 – 25 November 1989 |
| 13. |  | Ratu Epenisa Cakobau | since 2023 | 1959/1960 |
| † Never officially installed as Vunivalu, but posthumously generally recognized as such.
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RatuSeru Epenisa Cakobau was a Fijian chief, monarch, and warlord (Vunivalu) who united part of Fiji's warring tribes under his leadership, establishing a united Fijian kingdom. He was born on Natauloa, Nairai Island in Lomaiviti but spent his youth on Vanuaso, Gau, Lomaiviti, later returning to Bau to re-establish his Father's Ratu Tanoa Visawaqa reign. Ratu Epenisa Seru Visawaqa was given the name "Cakobau" meaning destroyer of Bau, in reference to his grandfathers' (Nailatikau) effort to first claim the tile from the people of Butoni and Lovoni, returned with most of his warriors from Vanuaso, Gau, Lomaiviti to coup the leadership in Bau then and later takeover his father's title; known after his father as the 6th "Vunivalu" or Warlord of Bau.
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Kubuna is one of the three confederacies that make up Fiji's House of Chiefs, to which all of Fiji's chiefs belong.
The first three-quarters of the 19th century were marked by tribal warfare, incursions from neighbouring Tonga, and the increasing encroachment of foreign powers. This period also saw the rise of a warlord by the name of Seru Epenisa Cakobau, who forged the first nation-state covering all of modern Fiji in 1871, before ceding it to the United Kingdom in 1874.
RatuEpenisa Seru Cakobau is a Fijian chief and politician. Cakobau is a senior member of the Tui Kaba clan. He is the 13th Vunivalu of Bau.
Bau is a small island in Fiji, off the east coast of the main island of Viti Levu. Bau rose to prominence in the mid-1800s and became Fiji's dominant power; until its cession to Britain, it has maintained its influence in politics and leadership right through to modern Fiji. Due to its sacred nature, foreigners have to apply for a permit to visit.
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