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The history of Georgia in the United States of America spans pre-Columbian time to the present-day U.S. state of Georgia. The area was inhabited by Native American tribes for thousands of years. A modest Spanish presence was established in the late 16th century,mostly centered on Catholic missions. The Spanish had largely withdrawn from the territory by the early 18th century,although they had settlements in nearby Florida. They had little influence historically in what would become Georgia.
Michael Hoke Smith was an American attorney,politician,and newspaper owner who served as United States secretary of the interior (1893–1896),58th governor of Georgia,and a United States senator (1911–1920) from Georgia. He was a leader of the progressive movement in the South and in the successful campaign to disenfranchise African American voters in 1907.
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The 1906 Atlanta Race Massacre,also known as the 1906 Atlanta Race Riot,was an episode of mass racial violence against African Americans in the United States in September 1906. Violent attacks by armed mobs of White Americans against African Americans in Atlanta,Georgia,began after newspapers,on the evening of September 22,1906,published several unsubstantiated and luridly detailed reports of the alleged rapes of 4 local women by black men. The violence lasted through September 24,1906. The events were reported by newspapers around the world,including the French Le Petit Journal which described the "lynchings in the USA" and the "massacre of Negroes in Atlanta," the Scottish Aberdeen Press &Journal under the headline "Race Riots in Georgia," and the London Evening Standard under the headlines "Anti-Negro Riots" and "Outrages in Georgia." The final death toll of the conflict is unknown and disputed,but officially at least 25 African Americans and two whites died. Unofficial reports ranged from 10–100 black Americans killed during the massacre. According to the Atlanta History Center,some black Americans were hanged from lampposts;others were shot,beaten or stabbed to death. They were pulled from street cars and attacked on the street;white mobs invaded black neighborhoods,destroying homes and businesses.
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F. H. Fyall was a state Representative in the U.S. state of Georgia during the Reconstruction era. He was one of the Original 33 African Americans elected as legislators in Georgia.
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John Henry Ryan was a businessman,newspaperman,and state legislator in the U.S. state of Washington. He lived in Tacoma,Washington. He was a member of the NAACP. He was elected as a member of three different political parties.
William H. Moore was a state legislator in North Carolina. He served in the North Carolina House of Representatives during the Reconstruction era. He represented New Hanover County and served with other African Americans in the state legislature. His post office was in Wilmington,North Carolina. He served with Henry Brewington and Alfred Lloyd who also represented New Hanover in the 1874-1875 session. All three were African Americans.
Allen Fort was a judge,railroad commission founder and member,and state legislator in Georgia.
References
- 1 2 "Early Law Makers Already on Scene". The Macon Telegraph. 23 June 1908. p. 1. Retrieved 17 July 2022.
- 1 2 3 Legare, John Girardeau (July 1, 2012). The Darien Journal of John Girardeau Legare, Ricegrower. University of Georgia Press. ISBN 9780820343105 – via Google Books.
- ↑ "Journal of the House of Representatives of the State of Georgia at the regular session of the General Assembly at Atlanta, Wednesday, June 26, 1907 – Digital Library of Georgia".
- ↑ Bacote, Clarence Albert (July 17, 1987). "The Negro in Georgia Politics, 1880–1908". University of Chicago – via Google Books.
- 1 2 Galphin, Bruce (10 May 1965). "The Last Negro State Representative". The Atlanta Constitution. p. 4. Retrieved 17 July 2022.
- ↑ "Today in 1868, a Convention Was Held, Which Protested the Expulsion of Blacks From Georgia's State Legislature". October 6, 2020.
- 1 2 Grantham, Dewey W. (March 1, 1967). Hoke Smith and the Politics of the New South. LSU Press. ISBN 9780807101186 – via Google Books.
- ↑ "Negro Legislator Sends Resignation". The Macon News. 11 September 1907. p. 8. Retrieved 17 July 2022.
- ↑ Admin, Super. "Black Legislators during Reconstruction".
- ↑ Hornsby, Alton Jr. (August 23, 2011). Black America: A State-by-State Historical Encyclopedia [2 volumes]: A State-by-State Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 9781573569767 – via Google Books.