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Rhodochrosite is a manganese carbonate mineral with chemical composition MnCO3. In its pure form (rare), it is typically a rose-red colour, but it can also be shades of pink to pale brown. It streaks white, and its Mohs hardness varies between 3.5 and 4.5. Its specific gravity is between 3.45 and 3.6. It crystallizes in the trigonal system, and cleaves with rhombohedral carbonate cleavage in three directions. Crystal twinning often is present. It is often confused with the manganese silicate, rhodonite, but is distinctly softer. Rhodochrosite is formed by the oxidation of manganese ore, and is found in South Africa, China, and the Americas. It is officially listed as one of the National symbols of Argentina.
The Economy of the Empire of Japan refers to the period in Japanese economic history in Imperial Japan that began with the Meiji Restoration in 1868 and ended with the Surrender of Japan in 1945 at the end of World War II. It was characterized by a period of rapid industrialization in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and the dominance of a wartime economy from 1938–1945.
Mining in Brazil is centered on the extraction of iron, copper, gold, aluminum, manganese, tin, niobium, and nickel. About gemstones, Brazil is the world's largest producer of amethyst, topaz, agate and is a big producer of tourmaline, emerald, aquamarine, garnet and opal.
The Mining industry of Ghana accounts for 5% of the country's GDP and minerals make up 37% of total exports, of which gold contributes over 90% of the total mineral exports. Thus, the main focus of Ghana's mining and minerals development industry remains focused on gold. Ghana is Africa's largest gold producer, producing 80.5 t in 2008. Ghana is also a major producer of bauxite, manganese and diamonds. Ghana has 20 large-scale mining companies producing gold, diamonds, bauxite and manganese, and, there are also over 300 registered small scale mining groups and 90 mine support service companies.
The Artillery Mountains are a mountain range in Mohave County in western Arizona. High point of the range is Artillery Peak, 2,917 feet above sea level. Artillery Peak is at coordinates N 34.36946 W 113.58160.
Resources are classified as either biotic or abiotic on the basis of their origin. The Indian landmass contains a multitude of both types of resource and its economy, especially in rural areas, is heavily dependent on their consumption or export. Due to overconsumption, they are rapidly being depleted.
The Iacobeni mine is a large mine in the north of Romania in Suceava County, 96 km southwest of Suceava and 340 km north of the capital, Bucharest. Iacobeni represents the third largest copper reserve in Romania having estimated reserves of 200 million tonnes of ore grading 0.4% copper. The mine also has one of the largest manganese reserves in Romania estimated at 2.5 million tonnes of ore with an annual production of around 70,000 tonnes.
The Ulukent mine is a large mine in the west of Turkey in Denizli Province 405 km (252 mi) west of the capital, Ankara. Ulukent represents the largest manganese reserve in Turkey having estimated reserves of 2.5 million tonnes of manganese.
The Răzoare mine was a large mine in the north of Romania in Maramureș County, 43 km (27 mi) southeast of Baia Mare and 507 km (315 mi) north of the capital, Bucharest. Răzoare represents one of the largest manganese reserve in Romania having estimated reserves of 5 million tonnes of manganese.
The Delinești mine is a large mine in the west of Romania in Caraș-Severin County, 38 km east of Reșița and 448 km west of the capital, Bucharest. Delinești represents one of the largest manganese reserve in Romania having estimated reserves of 7.5 million tonnes of manganese ore grading 20% manganese metal.
The Globurău mine is a large mine in the west of Romania in Caraș-Severin County, 29 km (18 mi) north of Orșova and 392 km (244 mi) west of the capital, Bucharest. Globurău is one of the largest manganese reserves in Romania, with estimated reserves of 3 million tons of manganese.
The Rudăria-Bănia mine is a large open pit mine in the south-western Romania in Caraș-Severin County. Rudăria-Bănia represents one of the largest iron ore reserves in Romania having estimated reserves of 70 million tonnes of ore grading 45% iron metal and 20% manganese metal. The mine has the capability to produce around 500,000 tonnes of iron ore/year.
The Piavitsa mine is a mine located in the north of Greece in Central Macedonia. Piavitsa represents one of the largest manganese reserve in Greece having estimated reserves of 10.5 million tonnes of manganese ore grading 34% manganese metal.
The N'chwaning mine are located in the Northern Cape Province of South Africa. N'chwaning has one of the largest manganese reserves in South Africa having estimated reserves of 323.2 million tonnes of manganese ore grading 42.5% manganese. There are three shafts, designated as N'Chwaning, N'Chwaning II and N'Chwaning III. The majority of the major mineral finds documented originate from the N'Chwaning II shaft.
The Gloria mine is a mine located in the north of South Africa. Gloria represents one of the largest manganese reserve in South Africa having estimated reserves of 156.2 million tonnes of manganese ore grading 33% manganese metal.
The Mamatwan mine is a mine located in the west of South Africa in Northern Cape. Mamatwan represents one of the largest manganese reserves in South Africa having estimated reserves of 433 million tonnes of manganese ore grading 40% manganese metal.
The Wessels mine is a mine located in the west of South Africa in Northern Cape. Wessels represents one of the largest manganese reserve in South Africa having estimated reserves of 198.8 million tonnes of manganese ore grading 55% manganese metal.
The Artillery Peak mine is a mine located in the western United States, about 3 miles (4.8 km) north of Alamo Lake in Mohave County, Arizona. Artillery Peak represents one of the largest manganese reserves in the United States, with estimated reserves of 159 million tons of manganese ore graded 3.9% manganese metal.
The Șaru Dornei mine is a mine located in the north of Romania in Suceava County. Șaru Dornei represents one of the largest manganese reserve in the Romania having estimated reserves of 15 million tonnes of manganese ore grading 26% manganese metal.
The Compagnie minière de l'Ogooué, or COMILOG, is a manganese mining and processing company based in Moanda, Gabon. It is a subsidiary of the French metallurgical group Eramet. The company is the world's second largest producer of manganese ore. At first the ore was carried by a cableway to the border with the Republic of the Congo, then by rail to the sea at Pointe-Noire. In the 1980s a railway was built to carry the ore through Gabon to the sea near Libreville.
References
- ↑ "Mineral deposits of Northern Asia". docstoc.com. 2012. Retrieved 2013-07-10.