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An operational amplifier is a DC-coupled high-gain electronic voltage amplifier with a differential input and, usually, a single-ended output. In this configuration, an op amp produces an output potential that is typically 100,000 times larger than the potential difference between its input terminals. The operational amplifier traces its origin and name to analog computers, where they were used to perform mathematical operations in linear, non-linear, and frequency-dependent circuits.
An audio power amplifier is an electronic amplifier that amplifies low-power electronic audio signals, such as the signal from a radio receiver or an electric guitar pickup, to a level that is high enough for driving loudspeakers or headphones. Audio power amplifiers are found in all manner of sound systems including sound reinforcement, public address, home audio systems and musical instrument amplifiers like guitar amplifiers. It is the final electronic stage in a typical audio playback chain before the signal is sent to the loudspeakers.
Negative feedback occurs when some function of the output of a system, process, or mechanism is fed back in a manner that tends to reduce the fluctuations in the output, whether caused by changes in the input or by other disturbances. A classic example of negative feedback is a heating system thermostat — when the temperature gets high enough, the heater is turned OFF. When the temperature gets too cold, the heat is turned back ON. In each case the "feedback" generated by the thermostat "negates" the trend.
The 4000 series is a CMOS logic family of integrated circuits (ICs) first introduced in 1968 by RCA. It was slowly migrated into the 4000B buffered series after about 1975. It had a much wider supply voltage range than any contemporary logic family. Almost all IC manufacturers active during this initial era fabricated models for this series. Its naming convention is still in use today.
Color science is the scientific study of color including lighting and optics; measurement of light and color; the physiology, psychophysics, and modeling of color vision; and color reproduction.
The 555 timer IC is an integrated circuit used in a variety of timer, delay, pulse generation, and oscillator applications. It is one of the most popular timing ICs due to its flexibility and price. Derivatives provide two (556) or four (558) timing circuits in one package. The design was first marketed in 1972 by Signetics and used bipolar junction transistors. Since then, numerous companies have made the original timers and later similar low-power CMOS timers. In 2017, it was said that over a billion 555 timers are produced annually by some estimates, and that the design was "probably the most popular integrated circuit ever made".
Signetics Corporation was an American electronics manufacturer specifically established to make integrated circuits. Founded in 1961, they went on to develop a number of early microprocessors and support chips, as well as the widely used 555 timer chip. The company was bought by Philips in 1975 and incorporated in Philips Semiconductors.
The operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) is an amplifier whose differential input voltage produces an output current. Thus, it is a voltage controlled current source (VCCS). There is usually an additional input for a current to control the amplifier's transconductance. The OTA is similar to a standard operational amplifier in that it has a high impedance differential input stage and that it may be used with negative feedback.
Robert Allen Pease was an electronics engineer known for analog integrated circuit (IC) design, and as the author of technical books and articles about electronic design. He designed several very successful "best-seller" ICs, many of them in continuous production for multiple decades.These include LM331 voltage-to-frequency converter, and the LM337 adjustable negative voltage regulator.
In the field of electronics, a technique where part of the output of a system is used at startup can be described as bootstrapping.
In electronic systems, power supply rejection ratio (PSRR), also supply-voltage rejection ratio, is a term widely used to describe the capability of an electronic circuit to suppress any power supply variations to its output signal.
Analog Dialogue is a technical magazine published by Analog Devices (ADI). It is a forum for the exchange of information related to circuits, systems, and software for real-world signal processing. It discusses products, applications, technology, and techniques for analog, digital, and mixed-signal processing, serving as a gateway to ADI’s technology. Analog Dialogue is published monthly on the Web, and featured technical articles are compiled in quarterly print editions. The headquarters of the magazine is in Norwood, Massachusetts. The current editor-in-chief is Bernhard Siegel.
Electronic engineering is a sub-discipline of electrical engineering that emerged in the early 20th century and is distinguished by the additional use of active components such as semiconductor devices to amplify and control electric current flow. Previously electrical engineering only used passive devices such as mechanical switches, resistors, inductors, and capacitors.
LTspice is a SPICE-based analog electronic circuit simulator computer software, produced by semiconductor manufacturer Analog Devices. It is the most widely distributed and used SPICE software in the industry. Though it is freeware, LTspice is not artificially restricted to limit its capabilities. It ships with a library of SPICE models from Analog Devices, Linear Technology, Maxim Integrated, and third-party sources.
Fritz Langford-Smith was an Australian electrical engineer. He was the author of the classic engineering reference Radiotron Designer's Handbook (RDH). He was heavily involved in the science of communication and engineering research in England and in Australia. He was a long-term editor of the journal Radiotronics (1935–1950).
Loebe Julie was an American engineer who has been credited with inventing the first operational amplifier circuit with differential inputs (1943), a topology which allowed much greater versatility in applications circuits and remains in wide use today.
Douglas Self is a British electronics engineer and author with a particular interest in audio. He received a first class honours degree in engineering from Cambridge University, and then studied psychoacoustics at Sussex University. He is the author of six books on audio electronics, published by Focal Press. He has also contributed many articles to Wireless World magazine, some of which were compiled into a book along with articles by Peter Baxandall.
Bengt Gustaf Olsson was a Swedish inventor and entrepreneur. He was active both in Sweden as well as in the United States as an electrical engineer within the field of analog electronics. He also founded the Swedish electronics company Xelex AB that provided electronic equipment for professional use as well as HiFi equipment for personal use.
The NE5532, also sold as SA5532, SE5532 and NG5532 is a dual monolithic, bipolar, internally compensated operational amplifier for audio applications introduced by Signetics in 1979. The 5532 and the contemporary TL072 were the first operational amplifiers that outperformed discrete class A circuits in professional audio applications. Due to low noise and very low distortion, the 5532 became the industry standard for professional audio. According to Douglas Self, "there is probably no music on the planet that has not passed through a hundred or more 5532s on its way to the consumer". The performance of the 5532 remained best in class for almost thirty years, until the introduction of the LM4562 in 2007. As of 2021, the 5532 remains in mass production as a generic product.
References
- 1 2 3 "Walt Jung remembers Bob Pease". 24 June 2011.
- ↑ https://www.amazon.com/Walter-G.-Jung/e/B001IOHAIW/ref=dp_byline_cont_book_1 Amazon.com author page
- 1 2 "Walt Jung". electronicdesign.com. Archived from the original on 2013-06-15.
- ↑ Sources 101: Audio Current Regulator Tests for High Performance - Full Article, 15 December 2015, retrieved 22 April 2016,
...Walter G. (Walt) Jung, noted designer
- ↑ Superpower, the ultimate voltage regulator , retrieved 22 April 2016,
...noted engineer, author and audiophile designer Walt Jung
- ↑ Adafruit Interview with Paul, 30 May 2015, retrieved 22 April 2016,
...stalwarts such as ... Walt Jung
