Walter Binning, or Bynning was a painter in 16th-century Edinburgh. [1]
There were several painters and glaziers called "Binning" working in Edinburgh and for the royal court in 16th-century Scotland. It has been speculatively suggested that there was some family connection with the Flemish miniature painter Simon Bening. [2] [3]
In January 1540 with two colleagues Walter Binning painted 49 guns at Edinburgh Castle with red lead, including their breech loading chambers, slots and bands, and painted the ropes binding the guns on their stocks with tar, and 50 bass guns. [4]
He was paid by the guild of the Hammermen of Edinburgh for painting cloths and a religious image. [5]
He worked for Regent Arran in Edinburgh, Hamilton, and Linlithgow. [6] In February 1549 he painted the roof or ceiling of the governor's lodging in Edinburgh, which was then located in Chambers Street. This was for the wedding of Barbara Hamilton and Lord Gordon. [7] In October 1551 he was working at Hamilton and was provided with gold and silver leaf, a pound of azurite, a pound of vermilion, a pound of red lead, glue (probably for distemper paints) and sheets of Lombard paper. [8] In October 1552 he painted the Regent's lodging in Linlithgow. [9]
In 1554, Edinburgh painters led by Walter Binning assaulted an outsider, David Workman, who had been painting a ceiling. [10]
Walter Binning painted scenery and costume for a triumph or show at the Tron on Edinburgh's Royal Mile to celebrate the marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots and Francis II of France, on 3 July April 1558. The wedding itself took place in Paris on 24 April 1558. [11] The Edinburgh entertainment was written and produced by William Lauder and William Adamson. [12] Binning painted the "play cart" for actors portraying the signs of the seven planets and cupid. There were artificial "summer trees" with fruit made from tennis balls covered with gold foil or leaf. [13] The seven planets had been portrayed in the shows in Paris after the wedding. [14]
In February 1562 the royal treasurer paid him £20 Scots, possibly for painting work in connection with the masques and mummery at the wedding of Lord James Stewart and Agnes Keith. [15]
In January 1572, Walter Binning and the glaziers David Binning and Steven Loch were listed among supporters of Mary, Queen of Scots, in Edinburgh who were summoned to appear at Leith for their disloyalty to the Regent. [16] [17]
Walter Binning painted the new north gallery of Holyrood Palace in 1577. [18]
Binning had a property near the High School and the old Black Friars. [19] He paid five shillings annually for the "land" belonging to Blackfriars where he lived. [20] In October 1567 he was asked to return building materials salvaged from the Friary to the site for the construction of a new hospital at Trinity College Kirk. Binning had made a yard or garden on part of the churchyard and the town council ordered this to be removed. [21]
After Binning's death his house came to be the property of a stonemason, Walter Biccarton. [22]
In Edinburgh the craft and trade of a decorative painter overlapped with the profession of a glazier. This seems to have been usual, and in medieval Antwerp both painters and glass workers joined the Guild of St Luke. [23]
Robert Binning glazed David's Tower and the chapel in Edinburgh castle in January 1540, and also painted and gilded carved heraldry at Holyrood Palace. [24] In August 1555 and 1559 Walter Binning was listed with the glaziers in the minutes of the Edinburgh incorporation of masons and wrights. The other were; John Sampson, Thomas Watson, Adam Symmer (or Somer), Thomas Bynning, James Hunter and John Yairds. [25] James Hunter eventually became the king's glazier in October 1584, though Mary, Queen of Scots appointed Steven Loch first, in May 1562. [26]
In August 1550 lead and glass was sent to Hamilton Palace, and Walter Binning supplied glass with the arms of Regent Arran. [27] In January 1552 Walter Binning supplied glass for the windows of Regent Arran's chamber in Edinburgh, and in 1553 a horse was hired to take glass he had supplied to Hamilton. [28]
Thomas Binning worked as a glazier providing glass to the Tolbooth and council house in 1563. [29] His brother David Binning (d. 1576) was made as a burgess a glazier or glasswright in April 1569. David Binning was paid 5 shillings to paint on the pillar of repentance in St Giles' Kirk, "This is the place appoyntit for publick repentence". [30]
James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Châtellerault, 2nd Earl of Arran, was a Scottish nobleman and head of the House of Hamilton. A great-grandson of King James II of Scotland, he was heir presumptive to the Scottish throne. Arran was Regent of Scotland during the minority of Mary, Queen of Scots from 1543 to 1554, when he lost the regency to Mary of Guise. At first pro-English and Protestant, he converted to Catholicism in 1543 and supported a pro-French policy. He reluctantly agreed to Mary's marriage to Francis, eldest son of King Henry II of France, and was rewarded by Henry by being made Duke of Châtellerault in 1549. During the Scottish Reformation, Châtellerault joined the Protestant Lords of the Congregation to oppose the regency of Mary of Guise, and lost his French dukedom as a result.
James Hamilton, 3rd Earl of Arran (1537–1609) was a Scottish nobleman and soldier who opposed the French-dominated regency during the Scottish Reformation. He was the eldest son of James Hamilton, Duke of Châtellerault, sometime regent of Scotland. He was of royal descent, and at times was third or fourth in succession to the Scottish crown; several royal marriages were proposed for him, but he eventually never married. He went to France with Mary, Queen of Scots, where he commanded the Scots Guards. After returning to Scotland, he became a leader of the Protestant party against Mary and her French supporters. However, he went insane in 1562 and was confined for the rest of his life.
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Kinneil House is a historic house to the west of Bo'ness in east-central Scotland. It was once the principal seat of the Hamilton family in the east of Scotland. The house was saved from demolition in 1936 when 16th-century mural paintings were discovered, and it is now in the care of Historic Environment Scotland. The house now consists of a symmetrical mansion built in 1677 on the remains of an earlier 16th- or 15th-century tower house, with two rows of gunloops for early cannon still visible. A smaller east wing, of the mid 16th century, contains the two painted rooms. The house is protected as a Category A listed building.
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Michael Gilbert was an Edinburgh goldsmith and financier.
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James Barroun or Baron was a wealthy Scottish merchant based in Edinburgh and supporter of the Scottish Reformation.
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