Adler is a surname of German origin meaning eagle. and has a frequency in the United Kingdom of less than 0.004%, and of 0.008% in the United States. In Christian iconography, the eagle is the symbol of John the Evangelist, and as such a stylized eagle was commonly used as a house sign/totem in German speaking areas. From the tenement the term easily moved to its inhabitants, particularly to those having only one name. This phenomenon can be easily seen in German and Austrian censuses from the 16th and 17th centuries.
König is the German word for "king". In German and other languages applying the umlaut, the transliterations Koenig and Kœnig, when referring to a surname, also occur. As a surname in English, the use of Koenig is usual, and sometimes also Konig. Notable people with the name include:
The surname Epstein is one of the oldest Ashkenazi Jewish family names. It is probably derived from the German town of Eppstein, in Hesse; the place-name was probably derived from Gaulish apa and German -stein.
Rosen is a surname of Ashkenazi Jewish origin, the name deriving from the German word for roses. Notable people with this surname include:
Kaufmann is a surname with many variants such as Kauffmann, Kaufman, and Kauffman. In German, the name means merchant. It is the cognate of the English Chapman. Kaufmann may refer to:
Moskowitz is an Eastern Ashkenazic Jewish surname. A Germanized form of a Slavic patronymic of the Yiddish personal name Moshke, a pet form of Moshe. Moscovici is the Romanian form.
Bergman is a surname of German, Swedish, Dutch and Yiddish origin meaning 'mountain man', or sometimes 'miner'.
Simon is a surname. Notable people with the surname include the following.
Aaron is an English masculine given name. The 'h' phoneme in the original Hebrew pronunciation "Aharon" (אהרן) is dropped in the Greek, Ἀαρών, from which the English form, Aaron, is derived.
Kaplan is a surname that is of ultimately Latin origins. There is also a historically unrelated surname in Turkey.
Klein is the Dutch, German and Afrikaans word for "small", which came to be used as a surname, and thence passed into the names of places, concepts and discoveries associated with bearers of this surname.
Weiss or Weiß, also written Weis or Weisz, pronounced like "vice", is a German and Ashkenazi Jewish surname, meaning 'white' in both German and Yiddish. It comes from Middle High German wîz and Old High German (h)wīz.
Roth is an English, German, or Jewish origin surname. There are seven theories:
- The spilling of blood from the warrior class of ancient Germanic soldiers;
- Ethnic name for an Anglo-Saxon, derived from rot, referencing red-haired people;
- Topographical name, derived from rod, meaning a dweller in such a location;
- Derivative from hroth ;
- Local name for 18th-century Ashkenazi refugees to Germany;
- Derivative from roe in the ancient Danish language to signify (of) a king;
- Of the red colour of clay, as in pottery (German).
Kramer is an occupational surname of Dutch or Low German origin or is derived from the High German surname Krämer.
Wachsman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Abraham is a surname. It can be of Jewish, English, French, German, Dutch, Irish, Welsh, Cornish, Breton, Lebanese, Syrian and other origins. It is derived from the Hebrew personal name Avraham, borne by the biblical patriarch Abraham, revered by Jews as a founding father of the Jewish people, and by Muslims as founder of all Semitic peoples. The name is explained in Genesis 17:5 as being derived from the Hebrew av hamon goyim "father of a multitude of nations". It was commonly used as a given name among Christians in the Middle Ages, and has always been a popular Jewish given name. The English name Abram is often a short form of Abraham, but it can also be a shortened version of Adburgham, which comes from a place name. As an Irish name, it was adopted as an approximation of the Gaelic name Mac an Bhreitheamhan "son of the judge". The German name Brahm is often a short form of Abraham, but it can also be a topographic name signifying someone who lived near a bramble thicket. The name Braham has been used as an Anglicization of both Abraham and its patronymic Abrahams by Ashkenazi Jews in the British Isles. Abraham has also been used as an Anglicization of the equivalent Arabic surname Ibrāhīm.
Richter is a surname of German origin.
Jaffe and its variant spellings Jaffé and Yaffe are Hebrew-language surnames.
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