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Web development is the process of designing, developing and maintain websites and web apps.[1] Web development encompasses several different fields, most commonly referring to the programming of websites. Front-end development is the act of developing the user interface and client-side code, while back-end development focuses on the infrastructure behind a website, mainly server-side code.
Web development includes many individual tasks, including web design, web content development, networking, and coding.[2] Among web professionals, "web development" usually refers to the main non-design aspects of building websites: writing markup and coding.[3]
Web development is generally split into two fields: front-end development and back-end development. Front-end developers create the user interface of websites, turning web designs into HTML, CSS, and JavaScript code. Front-end developers must also make sure that websites work consistently across different browsers and devices.[4] Back-end development, also known as server-side development, focuses on the infrastructure behind a website, including APIs, database management, and security.[1][4] Some choose to be full-stack developers, meaning they work on both the front-end and back-end.[2]
The World Wide Web was invented in 1989, and released to the public in 1993.[5] In the early years of the web, websites were simply a collection of HTML files, which were completely static. After the introduction of JavaScript in 1995,[6] websites could contain logic, allowing for interactivity.[7] The following year CSS was released,[8] allowing greater control over the styling of web pages.[7]
Another major shift in web development was the release of the iPhone in 2007. This created a new medium for accessing the web, requiring a new approach to web development, and resulting in responsive web design,[10] which allows a single website to appear different depending on the device running it.[11] Later, progressive web apps were introduced, allowing websites to be installed on a device as an independent application.[12]
In the 2010s, JavaScript frameworks began to emerge, creating new ways to manipulate web pages, and increasing compatibility between web browsers.[10]JQuery was popular in the early 2010s, but was later surpassed by other frameworks such as React and Vue.js.[13]
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