Related Research Articles
X-ray crystallography is the experimental science determining the atomic and molecular structure of a crystal, in which the crystalline structure causes a beam of incident X-rays to diffract into many specific directions. By measuring the angles and intensities of these diffracted beams, a crystallographer can produce a three-dimensional picture of the density of electrons within the crystal. From this electron density, the positions of the atoms in the crystal can be determined, as well as their chemical bonds, crystallographic disorder, and various other information.
In geometry, biology, mineralogy and solid state physics, a unit cell is a repeating unit formed by the vectors spanning the points of a lattice. Despite its suggestive name, the unit cell does not necessarily have unit size, or even a particular size at all. Rather, the primitive cell is the closest analogy to a unit vector, since it has a determined size for a given lattice and is the basic building block from which larger cells are constructed.
In mathematics, physics and chemistry, a space group is the symmetry group of a repeating pattern in space, usually in three dimensions. The elements of a space group are the rigid transformations of the pattern that leave it unchanged. In three dimensions, space groups are classified into 219 distinct types, or 230 types if chiral copies are considered distinct. Space groups are discrete cocompact groups of isometries of an oriented Euclidean space in any number of dimensions. In dimensions other than 3, they are sometimes called Bieberbach groups.
In crystallography, the cubiccrystal system is a crystal system where the unit cell is in the shape of a cube. This is one of the most common and simplest shapes found in crystals and minerals.
Paul Niggli was a Swiss crystallographer, mineralogist, and petrologist who was a leader in the field of X-ray crystallography.
Carl Heinrich Hermann, or Carl HermannGerman:[kaʁlˈhɛʁman], was a German physicist and crystallographer known for his research in crystallographic symmetry, nomenclature, and mathematical crystallography in N-dimensional spaces. Hermann was a pioneer in crystallographic databases and, along with Paul Peter Ewald, published the first volume of the influential Strukturbericht in 1931.
A crystallographic database is a database specifically designed to store information about the structure of molecules and crystals. Crystals are solids having, in all three dimensions of space, a regularly repeating arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules. They are characterized by symmetry, morphology, and directionally dependent physical properties. A crystal structure describes the arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in a crystal.
Hans Kuhn was a Swiss chemist. He was professor emeritus for physical chemistry and former scientific director at the Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry in Göttingen.
Fritz Henning Emil Paul Berndt Laves was a German crystallographer who served as the president of the German Mineralogical Society from 1956 to 1958. He is the namesake of Laves phases and the Laves tilings; the Laves graph, a highly-symmetrical three-dimensional crystal structure that he studied, was named after him by H. S. M. Coxeter.
Bilbao Crystallographic Server is an open access website offering online crystallographic database and programs aimed at analyzing, calculating and visualizing problems of structural and mathematical crystallography, solid state physics and structural chemistry. Initiated in 1997 by the Materials Laboratory of the Department of Condensed Matter Physics at the University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain, the Bilbao Crystallographic Server is developed and maintained by academics.
Helmut Karl Otto Beumann was a German historian.
Zeitschrift für Kristallographie – Crystalline Materials is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published in English. The journal publishes theoretical and experimental studies in crystallography of both organic and inorganic substances. The editor-in-chief of the journal is Rainer Pöttgen from the University of Münster. The journal was founded in 1877 under the title Zeitschrift für Krystallographie und Mineralogie by crystallographer and mineralogist Paul Heinrich von Groth, who served as the editor for 44 years. It has used several titles over its history, with the present title having been adopted in 2010. The journal is indexed in a variety of databases and has a 2020 impact factor of 1.616.
Zeitschrift für Kristallographie – New Crystal Structures is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published in English. Its first issue was published in December 1997 and bore the subtitle "International journal for structural, physical, and chemical aspects of crystalline materials." Created as a spin-off of Zeitschrift für Kristallographie for reporting novel and refined crystal structures, it began at volume 212 in order to remain aligned with the numbering of the parent journal. Paul von Groth, Professor of Mineralogy at the University of Strasbourg, established Zeitschrift für Krystallographie und Mineralogie in 1877; after several name changes, the journal adopted its present name, Zeitschrift für Kristallographie – Crystalline Materials, in 2010.
Katharina Boll-Dornberger, also known as Käte Dornberger-Schiff, was an Austrian-German physicist and crystallographer. She is known for her work on order-disorder structures.
In crystallography, a Strukturbericht designation or Strukturbericht type is a system of detailed crystal structure classification by analogy to another known structure. The designations were intended to be comprehensive but are mainly used as supplement to space group crystal structures designations, especially historically. Each Strukturbericht designation is described by a single space group, but the designation includes additional information about the positions of the individual atoms, rather than just the symmetry of the crystal structure. While Strukturbericht symbols exist for many of the earliest observed and most common crystal structures, the system is not comprehensive, and is no longer being updated. Modern databases such as Inorganic Crystal Structure Database index thousands of structure types directly by the prototype compound. These are essentially equivalent to the old Stukturbericht designations.
In solid state physics, the magnetic space groups, or Shubnikov groups, are the symmetry groups which classify the symmetries of a crystal both in space, and in a two-valued property such as electron spin. To represent such a property, each lattice point is colored black or white, and in addition to the usual three-dimensional symmetry operations, there is a so-called "antisymmetry" operation which turns all black lattice points white and all white lattice points black. Thus, the magnetic space groups serve as an extension to the crystallographic space groups which describe spatial symmetry alone.
This is a timeline of crystallography.
In crystallography and the theory of infinite vertex-transitive graphs, the coordination sequence of a vertex is an integer sequence that counts how many vertices are at each possible distance from . That is, it is a sequence
The German Crystallographic Society is a non-profit organization based in Berlin. As a voluntary association of scientists working in crystallography or interested in crystallography and other people and institutions, its goal is to promote crystallography in teaching, research and industrial practice as well as in the public, in particular by fostering the exchange of experience and ideas as well as further education at national and international level Frame. Working groups are dedicated to specific areas of crystallography. The Society has just over 1000 members.
Heinz Ernst Jagodzinski was a German physicist, mineralogist and crystallographer known for his research in disordered materials and diffuse X-ray scattering. He also introduced the Jagodzinski notation for the description of polytypism in silicon carbide.
References
- ↑ Koch, Elke; Fischer, Werner (2006-01-01). "Normalizers of space groups: A useful tool in crystal-structure description, comparison and determination". Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials. 221 (1): 1–14. Bibcode:2006ZK....221....1K. doi:10.1524/zkri.2006.221.1.1. ISSN 2196-7105. S2CID 93801575.
- ↑ Koch, E.; Fischer, W.; Müller, U. (2016-12-31), Normalizers of space groups and their use in crystallography, pp. 826–851, doi:10.1107/97809553602060000933, ISBN 978-0-470-97423-0 , retrieved 2022-07-24
- ↑ Fischer, W.; Koch, E. (2016-12-31), Lattice complexes, pp. 792–825, doi:10.1107/97809553602060000932, ISBN 978-0-470-97423-0 , retrieved 2022-07-24
- ↑ "Internetseite der Universität Marburg". Universität Marburg. Archived from the original on 2013-12-02. Retrieved 2014-01-25.
- ↑ "Internetseite der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Kristallographie". Deutsche Gesellschaft für Kristallographie. Retrieved 2014-01-25.
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Other | |
