Wheal Jane

Last updated

Wheal Jane
Wheal Jane settling pits.jpg
The Tailings Dam at Wheal Jane, from the air
Location
Cornwall UK location map.svg
Schlaegel und Eisen nach DIN 21800.svg
Wheal Jane
Location in Cornwall
Location Chacewater
County Cornwall
CountryEngland
Coordinates 50°14′31″N5°07′35″W / 50.242°N 5.1264°W / 50.242; -5.1264
Production
ProductsTin, copper, lead, silver, zinc, pyrite, arsenopyrite, arsenic, ochre, iron ore [1]
History
OpenedMid-18th century
Closed1992
Welcome to Wheal Jane Welcome to Wheal Jane - geograph.org.uk - 845902.jpg
Welcome to Wheal Jane

Wheal Jane is a disused tin mine near Baldhu and Chacewater in West Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The area itself consisted of a large number of mines.

Contents

History

Wheal Jane was probably seriously worked for tin from the mid-18th century. Given the complexity of ore formation near granitic emplacements, amounts of arsenic, copper, silver and zinc were also worked at some time.

In around 1885, most of the nearby mines became uneconomic. Wheal Jane was able to struggle on for a few years, principally due to its arsenic revenue, but it too succumbed in around 1895. It re-opened in 1906 as part of Falmouth Consolidated, with a modernisation and cost reducing agenda, but it was to close again within a decade. Work recommenced at low intensity in the run up to World War II but interest was turning to more modern processing techniques to recover more tin from what was already available and the old mine spoil was re-worked until 1946.

It was re-opened again in 1969 and much development work was done underground and in improving the surface processing facilities and ownership eventually passed to Rio Tinto Zinc.

Like the remainder of Cornwall's tin mines (Geevor, Pendarves and South Crofty), it was dealt a body blow by the end of the International Tin Agreement in 1985 and the subsequent collapse of the world tin price. It never really recovered and the pumps were finally switched off in early January 1992.

Aftermath

Ludlamite on Quartz, Wheal Jane mines Ludlamite-Quartz-205934.jpg
Ludlamite on Quartz, Wheal Jane mines

Wheal Jane was not out of the news though; these were the days before Environmental Impact Assessments. With the pumps no longer de-watering the mine, groundwater levels rose and flooded the former working areas, picking up waste, washing over the exposed rock faces and contaminating the groundwater.

These eventually overtopped the drainage systems in January 1992 and acid mine drainage rose through the abandoned mine, escaped into the surface water systems, and flowed into the Carnon river and eventually into Falmouth Bay, killing fish and contaminating wild fowl. By 1994, remedial measures including the construction of large settling ponds, were in place. By 2002 the water treatment had cost more than £20 million. [2]

Mineral Statistics

From Robert Hunt's Mineral Statistics of the United Kingdom. [3]

Tin Production (1969-91)
Year(s)Black (Tons)
1969-1971no-details
1972650.00
19731,600.00
19741,480.00
19751,276.00
19761,073.00
1977951.00
19791,500.00
1980626.50
19811,499.50
19821,663.80
19831,626.80
19841,863.20
19853,812.20
19864,069.90
19874,828.30
19882,953.60
19893,349.50
19903,543.00
19912,325.40
Zinc Production
Year(s)Ore (Tons)
19732,000.00
19743,000.00
19752,739.00
19763,340.00
19773,257.00
19798,800.00
19804,331.60
198110,855.20
198210,185.90
19838,879.40
19847,159.00
19855,039.00
19865,605.40
19876,521.70
19885,502.40
19895,770.80
19906,593.20
1991877.00
Copper Production
Year(s)Ore (Tons)
1972-1975no-details
1979490.00
1980238.00
1981607.40
1982635.80
1983652.40
1984657.20
1985595.60
1986602.20
1987750.10
1988732.30
1989507.90
1990945.30
1991289.80
Employment
Year(s)Total
1982388
1983408
1984415
19851,061
1986853
1987726
1988594
1989572
1990458
1991216

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mount Wellington Tin Mine</span> Tin mine in St Day, Cornwall, UK

Mount Wellington Tin mine, two miles east of the village of St Day in Cornwall, in the United Kingdom, opened in 1976 and was the first new mine in the region in many years.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Geevor Tin Mine</span> Former tin mine in Cornwall, England

Geevor Tin Mine, formerly North Levant Mine is a tin mine in the far west of Cornwall, England, between the villages of Pendeen and Trewellard. It was operational between 1911 and 1990 during which time it produced about 50,000 tons of black tin. It is now a museum and heritage centre left as a living history of a working tin mine. The museum is an Anchor Point of ERIH, The European Route of Industrial Heritage. Since 2006, the mine has been part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site Cornwall and West Devon Mining Landscape.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Botallack Mine</span> Former mine in Cornwall, England

The Botallack Mine is a former mine in Botallack in the west of Cornwall, UK. Since 2006 it has been part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site – Cornwall and West Devon Mining Landscape. The mine is within the Aire Point to Carrick Du Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) and the South West Coast Path passes along the cliff.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Poldice mine</span> Former metalliferous mine in southwest Cornwall, England

Poldice mine is a former metalliferous mine located in Poldice Valley in southwest Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is situated near the hamlet of Todpool, between the villages of Twelveheads and St Day, three miles (5 km) east of Redruth. Since the early 2000’s the area has been adopted by the local mountain biking community known as the Dice Rollers. The area is now nationally famous as the best location to ride MTB in the south west attracting attention from youtube superstars such as Ben Deakin and his friend Matt Edgie. This is a popular location for mountain bicycling

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Levant Mine and Beam Engine</span> British mine

Levant Mine and Beam Engine is a National Trust property at Trewellard, Pendeen, near St Just, Cornwall, England, UK. Its main attraction is that it has the world's only Cornish beam engine still operated by steam on its original site. There is also a visitor centre, a short underground tour, and the South West Coast Path leads to Botallack Mine, via a cliff-top footpath.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mining in Cornwall and Devon</span> Mining in the English counties of Cornwall and Devon

Mining in Cornwall and Devon, in the southwest of Britain, is thought to have begun in the early-middle Bronze Age with the exploitation of cassiterite. Tin, and later copper, were the most commonly extracted metals. Some tin mining continued long after the mining of other metals had become unprofitable, but ended in the late 20th century. In 2021, it was announced that a new mine was extracting battery-grade lithium carbonate, more than 20 years after the closure of the last South Crofty tin mine in Cornwall in 1998.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gwennap</span> Village and civil parish in Cornwall, England

Gwennap is a village and civil parish in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is about five miles (8 km) southeast of Redruth. Hamlets of Burncoose, Comford, Coombe, Crofthandy, Cusgarne, Fernsplatt, Frogpool, Hick's Mill, Tresamble and United Downs lie in the parish, as does Little Beside country house.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cornwall and West Devon Mining Landscape</span> World Heritage Site in southwest England

The Cornwall and West Devon Mining Landscape is a World Heritage Site which includes select mining landscapes in Cornwall and West Devon in the south west of England. The site was added to the World Heritage List during the 30th Session of the UNESCO World Heritage Committee in Vilnius, July 2006. Following plans in 2011 to restart mining at South Crofty, and to build a supermarket at Hayle Harbour, the World Heritage Committee drafted a decision in 2014 to put the site on the List of World Heritage in Danger, but this was rejected at the 38th Committee Session at Doha, Qatar, in favour of a follow-up Reactive Monitoring Mission.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dolcoath mine</span> Former copper and tin mine in Cornwall, England

Dolcoath mine was a copper and tin mine in Camborne, Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. Its name derives from the Cornish for 'Old Ground', and it was also affectionately known as The Queen of Cornish Mines. The site is north-west of Carn Brea. Dolcoath Road runs between the A3047 road and Chapel Hill. The site is south of this road.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">South Crofty</span> Tin and copper mine in Cornwall, England

South Crofty is a metalliferous tin and copper mine located in the village of Pool, Cornwall, England. An ancient mine, it has seen production for over 400 years, and extends almost two and a half miles across and 3,000 feet (910 m) down and has mined over 40 lodes. Evidence of mining activity in South Crofty has been dated back to 1592, with full-scale mining beginning in the mid-17th century. The mine went into serious decline after 1985 and eventually closed in 1998. After several changes of ownership, South Crofty is owned by Cornish Metals Inc, which is working to re-open the mine, as of November 2022, having receive a permit for dewatering the mine.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Great County Adit</span> Series of interconnected drainage adits in Cornwall, England

The Great County Adit, sometimes called the County Adit, or the Great Adit was a system of interconnected adits that helped drain water from the tin and copper mines in the Gwennap area of Cornwall, in the United Kingdom. Construction started in 1748 and it eventually reached a length of over 40 miles (64 km) of a tunnel, providing drainage to over 100 mines at an average depth of 80–100 metres (260–330 ft).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wheal Gorland</span> Former metalliferous mine in Cornwall, England

Wheal Gorland was a metalliferous mine located just to the north-east of the village of St Day, Cornwall, in England, United Kingdom. It was one of the most important Cornish mines of the late 18th and early 19th centuries, both for the quantity of ore it produced and for the wide variety of uncommon secondary copper minerals found there as a result of supergene enrichment. It is the type locality for the minerals chenevixite, clinoclase, cornwallite, kernowite and liroconite.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wheal Busy</span> Disused metalliferous mine in Cornwall, England

Wheal Busy, sometimes called Great Wheal Busy and in its early years known as Chacewater Mine, was a metalliferous mine halfway between Redruth and Truro in the Gwennap mining area of Cornwall, England. During the 18th century the mine produced enormous amounts of copper ore and was very wealthy, but from the later 19th century onwards was not profitable. Today the site of the mine is part of the Cornwall and West Devon Mining Landscape World Heritage Site.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">East Pool mine</span> Former metalliferous mine in Cornwall, England

East Pool mine, was a metalliferous mine in the Camborne and Redruth mining area, just east of the village of Pool in Cornwall, England. Worked from the early 18th century until 1945, first for copper and later tin, it was very profitable for much of its life. Today the site has two preserved beam engines and is part of the Cornwall and West Devon Mining Landscape World Heritage Site. It is owned by the National Trust.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Consolidated Mines</span> Former metalliferous mine in Cornwall, England

Consolidated Mines, also known as Great Consolidated mine, but most commonly called Consols or Great Consols was a metalliferous mine about a mile ESE of the village of St Day, Cornwall, England. Mainly active during the first half of the 19th century, its mining sett was about 600 yards north–south; and 2,700 yards east–west, to the east of Carharrack. Although always much troubled by underground water, the mine was at times highly profitable, and it was the largest single producer of copper ore in Cornwall. Today the mine is part of the Cornwall and West Devon Mining Landscape World Heritage Site.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wheal Coates</span> Former tin mine in Cornwall, England

Wheal Coates is a former tin mine situated on the north coast of Cornwall, UK, on the cliff tops between Porthtowan and St Agnes. It is preserved and maintained by the National Trust.

Wheal Fortune or Great Wheal Fortune is the site of a mine in the civil parishes of Breage and Sithney in west Cornwall. Part of the disused mine was designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) for its geological interest in 1991 and is also a Geological Conservation Review site of national importance for the minerals on the site.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Devon Great Consols</span> Former copper mine in Devon, England

Devon Great Consols was a copper mine near Tavistock in Devon. The lease on the site was taken from the Duke of Bedford in 1844 by a group of investors. The 1,024 shares, sold at one pound each, were divided among the six men. Earlier attempts to mine this property had all ended in failure.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wheal Maid</span> Former mine in Cornwall, England

Wheal Maid is a former mine in the Camborne-Redruth-St Day Mining District, 1.5 km east of St Day.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wheal Prosper, Rinsey</span> Disused tin mine in Cornwall, England

Wheal Prosper was a tin mine in Cornwall, England, a short distance from the hamlet of Rinsey and about 2.5 miles (4 km) west of Porthleven. The ruined engine house remains, overlooking Mount's Bay near Rinsey Head. The site is a Scheduled Monument, and the engine house is a Grade II listed building.

References

  1. "Wheal Jane Mine, Cornwall". Cornwall Calling. Retrieved 20 June 2009.
  2. "The Wheal Jane Incident and water quality". University of Exeter. Retrieved 1 August 2009.
  3. Burt, Roger; Burnley, Ray; Gill, Michael; Neill, Alasdair (2014). Mining in Cornwall and Devon: Mines and Men. University of Exeter Press. ISBN   978-0-85989-889-8.