Wilhelm (Jakob) Ferdinand Kalle (born 19 February 1870 in Biebrich (Wiesbaden); died 7 September 1954 in Wiesbaden) was a German chemist, industrialist and politician.
Wilhelm (Jakob) Ferdinand Kalle (born 19 February 1870 in Biebrich (Wiesbaden); died 7 September 1954 in Wiesbaden) was a German chemist, industrialist and politician.
His father was industrialist Wilhelme Kalle. He studied at University of Geneva and at University of Strasbourg. He was also general director of the Kalle & Co. chemical factory as well as a member for German People's Party of the Reichstag and Prussian state parliament. [1] [2] [3]
During the Second World War, he betrayed Zyklon-B developments within I.G. Farben to the USA via Erwin Respondek. He was therefore not charged in the I.G. Farben trial. In 1951, he moved from his previous residence in Tutzing to Wiesbaden, where he also died. [4]
I. G. Farbenindustrie AG, commonly known as IG Farben, was a German chemical and pharmaceutical conglomerate. It was formed in 1925 by merging six chemical companies later known as BASF Aktiengesellschaft, Bayer AG, Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft, Agfa-Gevaert Group, and Cassella AG. The conglomerate was seized by the Allies after World War II and split into its constituent companies; parts in East Germany were nationalized.
Hoechst AG was a German chemicals, later life sciences, company that became Aventis Deutschland after its merger with France's Rhône-Poulenc S.A. in 1999. With the new company's 2004 merger with Sanofi-Synthélabo, it became a subsidiary of the resulting Sanofi-Aventis pharmaceuticals group.
Ferdinand August Bebel was a German socialist activist and politician. He is best remembered as one of the founders, with Wilhelm Liebknecht, of the Social Democratic Workers' Party of Germany (SDAP) in 1869, which in 1875 merged with the General German Workers' Association to form the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), which became the leading party of the social-democratic movement in Germany. Bebel served as a member of the Reichstag from 1871 to his death in 1913, and as chairman of the SPD from 1892 to 1913.
Friedrich Karl Rudolf Bergius was a German chemist known for the Bergius process for producing synthetic fuel from coal, Nobel Prize in Chemistry in recognition of contributions to the invention and development of chemical high-pressure methods. Having worked with IG Farben during World War II, his citizenship came into question following the war, causing him to ultimately flee to Argentina, where he acted as adviser to the Ministry of Industry.
Biebrich is a borough of the city of Wiesbaden, Hesse, Germany. With over 38,000 inhabitants, it is the most-populated of Wiesbaden's boroughs. It is located south of the city center on the Rhine River, opposite the Mainz borough of Mombach. Biebrich was an independent city until it was incorporated into Wiesbaden in 1926.
The United States of America vs. Carl Krauch, et al., also known as the IG Farben Trial, was the sixth of the twelve trials for war crimes the U.S. authorities held in their occupation zone in Germany (Nuremberg) after the end of World War II. IG Farben was the private German chemicals company allied with the Nazis that manufactured the Zyklon B gas used to commit genocide against millions of European Jews, Roma, homosexuals, socialists and other innocent civilians in the Holocaust.
Friedrich Carl Duisberg was a German chemist and industrialist.
The I.G. Farben Building – also known as the Poelzig Building and the Abrams Building, formerly informally called The Pentagon of Europe – is a building complex in Frankfurt, Germany, which currently serves as the main structure of the Westend Campus of the University of Frankfurt. Construction began in 1928 and was complete in 1930 as the corporate headquarters of the I.G. Farben conglomerate, then the world's largest chemical company and the world's fourth-largest company overall.
Fritz ter Meer was a German chemist, Bayer board chairman, Nazi Party member and war criminal.
The Secret Meeting of 20 February 1933 was a secret meeting held by Adolf Hitler 25 industrialists at the official residence of the President of the Reichstag Hermann Göring in Berlin. Its purpose was to raise funds for the election campaign of the Nazi Party.
Hermann Schmitz was a German industrialist and Nazi war criminal. CEO of IG Farben from 1935 to 1945, he was sentenced to four years in prison in the IG Farben Trial.
Carl Krauch was a German chemist, industrialist and Nazi war criminal. He was an executive at BASF ; during World War II, he was chairman of the supervisory board. He was a key implementer of the Reich's Four-Year Plan to achieve national economic self-sufficiency and promote industrial production. He was Plenipotentiary of Special Issues in Chemical Production, a senator of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society, and an honorary professor at the University of Berlin. He was convicted in the IG Farben trial after World War II and sentenced to six years in prison.
The Reichstag of the German Empire was Germany's lower House of Parliament from 1871 to 1918. Within the governmental structure of the Reich, it represented the national and democratic element alongside the federalism of the Bundesrat and the monarchic and bureaucratic element of the executive, embodied in the Reich chancellor. Together with the Bundesrat, the Reichstag had legislative power and shared in decision-making on the budget. It also had certain rights of control over the executive branch and could engage the public through its debates. The emperor had little political power, and over time the position of the Reichstag strengthened with respect to both the imperial government and the Bundesrat.
Georg August Eduard von Schnitzler was a German nobleman, member of the board at IG Farben and a Nazi war criminal.
Wilhelm Rudolf Mann was a German factory manager for IG Farben and later with Bayer.
Carl Wurster was a German chemist and Wehrwirtschaftsführer during the Third Reich. He subsequently became one of the leading figures in post-war Germany's industrial life.
Erich von der Heyde was a German agronomist at IG Farben, an SS-Hauptscharführer and a defendant at the IG Farben Trial in Nuremberg. He was found innocent at these trials.
Arthur von Weinberg was a German chemist and industrialist.
Richard von Szilvinyi was a German industrialist.
Private sector participation in Nazi crimes was extensive and included widespread use of forced labor in Nazi Germany and German-occupied Europe, confiscation of property from Jews and other victims by banks and insurance companies, and the transportation of people to Nazi concentration camps and extermination camps by rail. After the war, companies sought to downplay their participation in crimes and claimed that they were also victims of Nazi totalitarianism. However, the role of the private sector in Nazi Germany has been described as an example of state-corporate crime.
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