Wilhelmine Mimi Johnson, also known as Mimi Johnson, (born 1 August 1890 in Tynset, died 12 January 1980 in Skedsmo) was Norway's first female geologist and a photographer. Later she became a physician.
Wilhelmine Mimi Johnson, also known as Mimi Johnson, (born 1 August 1890 in Tynset, died 12 January 1980 in Skedsmo) was Norway's first female geologist and a photographer. Later she became a physician.
Johnson was born 1 August 1890 to solicitor Sam Johnson and Elise Johnson (née Holmboe). [1] [2]
She entered the mining degree program at the University of Oslo at 17, becoming the youngest student and the only woman in the program. Her father had encouraged her course of study because the mining field was booming at the time. [3] She financially supported herself by teaching mathematics and languages to students at two schools: Ragna Nielsen's school and Olav Berg's girls' school. She also received support by way of education loans directed to female students. In addition, she tutored private students at her home and read Latin with fellow students studying pharmacy. She graduated in 1912 as a mining engineer. [3]
As Norway's first female geologist, [3] she worked closely for several years with two of the most prominent professors at the University of Oslo, Waldemar Christofer Brøgger and Victor Moritz Goldschmidt. During the summer of 1912, Johnson was named an assistant to Brøgger who was mapping the Kristiania field near Oslo, but the experience proved costly because Brøgger's expensive choices for the team's boarding and dining on field trips were a drain on her limited income. [3]
In the summer of 1913, she worked for Goldschmidt doing fieldwork south of Røros and was part of the team that excavated a field of fossil plants. From both geologists, she received warm thanks but she remained unmentioned in the papers they published about their collective work. She authored her first paper in 1917 about a fossil whale discovered in Rekkevik, Norway. [2]
Johnson was employed by the Geological Survey of Norway and was, among other things, one of the first people to take pictures inside the mines at Kongsberg, [4] though later her presence in the photos caused some archivists to ask if she was the photographer's wife. [2] In 1917, Johnson became the conservator at the Geological Museum in Tøyen where she was paid half the standard wage and told it was because, "…in women's hours you can iron your own blouses and cook your own food." [3]
In 1930, she left geology to become a physician. She graduated medical school and ran her own medical practice in Lillestrøm from 1940 to 1975. [2] [3]
In 1920 was married briefly to the merchant Eivind Høst. Although they divorced in 1924, Johnson was sometimes known thereafter as Mimi Johnson Høst. [3]
The University of Oslo is a public research university located in Oslo, Norway. It is the oldest university in Norway and consistently considered the country's leading university, one of the highest ranked universities in the Nordic countries and one of world's hundred highest ranked universities. Originally named the Royal Frederick University, the university was established in 1811 as the de facto Norwegian continuation of Denmark-Norway's common university, the University of Copenhagen, with which it shares many traditions. It was named for King Frederick VI of Denmark and Norway, and received its current name in 1939. The university was commonly nicknamed "The Royal Frederick's" before the name change, and informally also referred to simply as Universitetet.
The Royal School of Mines comprises the departments of Earth Science and Engineering, and Materials at Imperial College London. The Centre for Advanced Structural Ceramics and parts of the London Centre for Nanotechnology and Department of Bioengineering are also housed within the building. The school as an organisation no longer exists, having been incorporated into the Faculty of Engineering since 2003. Today the Royal School of Mines refers to both the departments associated with the former school, and the Grade II listed Edwardian building by Sir Aston Webb, which is viewed as a classic of academic architecture. The building and relevant student union still carry the name.
The University Botanical Garden is Norway's oldest botanical garden. It was first established in 1814 and is administered by the University of Oslo. It is situated in the neighborhood of Tøyen in Oslo, Norway.
Victor Moritz Goldschmidt was a Norwegian mineralogist considered to be the founder of modern geochemistry and crystal chemistry, developer of the Goldschmidt Classification of elements.
Waldemar Christofer Brøgger FRSE was a Norwegian geologist and mineralogist. His research on Permian igneous rocks of the Oslo district greatly advanced petrologic theory on the formation of rocks.
Florence Bascom was a pioneer American woman geologist and educator. Bascom became an anomaly in the 19th century when she earned two bachelor's degrees. Earning a Bachelor of Arts in 1882, and a Bachelor of Science in 1884 both at the University of Wisconsin. Shortly after, in 1887, Bascom earned her master's degree in geology at the University of Wisconsin. Bascom was the second woman to earn her PhD in geology in the United States, in 1893. Receiving her PhD from Johns Hopkins University, this made her the first woman to earn a degree at the institution. After earning her doctorate in geology, in 1896 Bascom became the first woman to work for the United States Geological Survey as well as being one of the first women to earn a master's degree in geology. Bascom was known for her innovative findings in this field, and led the next generation of female geologists. Geologists consider Bascom to be the "first woman geologist in America".
Wilhelmina is a feminine given name, the Dutch, German and Yiddish form of Wilhelm or William, which is derived from the Germanic wil, meaning "will, desire" and helm, meaning "helmet, protection". Wilhelmina was ranked in the top 1000 most popular names for girls in the United States between 1900 and 1940 but is rarely used today. In many European countries, this name is once again very popular. Nicknames for Wilhelmina include, but are not restricted to, Minna, Mina, Mineke, Minnie, Willie, Willy, Willa, and Billie.
Dame Maria Matilda GordonDBE LLD, sometimes known as May Ogilvie Gordon or May Gordon, was an eminent Scottish geologist, palaeontologist, and politician. She was the first woman to be awarded a Doctor of Science degree from the University of London and the first woman to be awarded a PhD degree from the University of Munich. She was also a supporter and campaigner for the rights and equality of children and women.
Clara Holst was a Norwegian philologist and women's rights pioneer.
Balthazar Mathias Keilhau was a Norwegian geologist and mountain pioneer. He is regarded as the founder of the discipline of geology in Norway, and has also been credited for the discovery of the Jotunheimen mountain range.
Minna Wetlesen was a pioneer Norwegian educator, teacher and author.
Hans Holtedahl was a Norwegian geologist. He was a professor of geology at the University of Bergen.
Christina Lochman-Balk was an American geologist who specialized in the study of Paleozoic era fossils, formerly known as Cambrian Paleontology. Lochman specifically dealt with Cambrian trilobites and invertebrates. During her career, it was not very common for women to pursue degrees or careers in geology, which was studied mostly by men. Along with her research, she also served as a lecturer and professor at the universities Mount Holyoke, University of Chicago and the New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology. She received two degrees from Smith College in Northampton, Massachusetts in Geology, and her doctorate at Johns Hopkins University in 1933. She married Robert Balk in 1947, who was a geology professor at the University of Chicago. Following her husband's death in 1955, she became a full professor as well as appointed head of the geology department of the New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology in 1957. She retired from her position in 1972.
John Bernhard Rekstad was a Norwegian geologist.
Madeleine Alberta Fritz was a Canadian palaeontologist. She was a professor at the University of Toronto, where she taught vertebrate studies in the department of Geology. Fritz's writing on the fossil Bryozoa along with her research on the stratigraphy of Toronto and the surrounding areas were major contributions to the geological field.
Else Marie Friis is a Danish botanist and paleontologist. She is Professor Emerita in the Department of Geoscience at Aarhus University. Her work has been fundamental in the phylogenetic analysis of angiosperms, with widespread application to reproductive biology.
This is a timeline of women in science, spanning from ancient history up to the 21st century. While the timeline primarily focuses on women involved with natural sciences such as astronomy, biology, chemistry and physics, it also includes women from the social sciences and the formal sciences, as well as notable science educators and medical scientists. The chronological events listed in the timeline relate to both scientific achievements and gender equality within the sciences.
Mimi (Marie) Frellsen (1830–1914) was a pioneering Norwegian photographer who learnt the art in 1860. From 1865, she ran her own business in Christiania. Many of her portraits have been preserved.
Birgitte Elise Esmark was a Norwegian malacologist and is considered the first Norwegian female zoologist. She was the first woman to receive financial support for her scientific work from the Kongelige Frederiks Universitet in 1879, five years before it was open to women. Esmark's contributions as a malacologist advanced the knowledge of land and freshwater mollusks in Norway, both modern and fossil, with a particular focus on mollusks found in the Arctic regions.
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