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The Trail of Tears was an ethnic cleansing and forced displacement of approximately 60,000 people of the "Five Civilized Tribes" between 1830 and 1850 by the United States government. As part of the Indian removal,members of the Cherokee,Muscogee (Creek),Seminole,Chickasaw,and Choctaw nations were forcibly removed from their ancestral homelands in the Southeastern United States to newly designated Indian Territory west of the Mississippi River after the passage of the Indian Removal Act in 1830. The Cherokee removal in 1838 was brought on by the discovery of gold near Dahlonega,Georgia,in 1828,resulting in the Georgia Gold Rush.
Jacksonville is a city located in Cherokee County,Texas,United States. The population was 13,997 at the 2020 U.S. census. It is the principal city of the Jacksonville micropolitan statistical area,which includes all of Cherokee County.
Non-voting members of the United States House of Representatives are representatives of their territory in the House of Representatives,who do not have a right to vote on legislation in the full House but nevertheless have floor privileges and are able to participate in certain other House functions. Non-voting members may vote in a House committee of which they are a member and introduce legislation.
The Treaty of New Echota was a treaty signed on December 29,1835,in New Echota,Georgia,by officials of the United States government and representatives of a minority Cherokee political faction,the Treaty Party.
Blood quantum laws or Indian blood laws are laws in the United States that define Native American status by fractions of Native American ancestry. These laws were enacted by the federal government and state governments as a way to establish legally defined racial population groups. By contrast,many tribes do not include blood quantum as part of their own enrollment criteria.
State-recognized tribes in the United States are organizations that identify as Native American tribes or heritage groups that do not meet the criteria for federally recognized Indian tribes but have been recognized by a process established under assorted state government laws for varying purposes or by governor's executive orders. State recognition does not dictate whether or not they are recognized as Native American tribes by continually existing tribal nations.
Black Indians are Native American people –defined as Native American due to being affiliated with Native American communities and being culturally Native American –who also have significant African American heritage.
William Holland Thomas was an American merchant,lawyer,politician and soldier.
The Goingsnake Massacre refers to the eleven victims of a fatal shootout on April 15,1872,that broke out during a murder and assault trial in the Cherokee court in the Goingsnake District of the Cherokee Nation The dead included three Cherokee on the defendant's side,including his attorney and a brother;a US Deputy Marshal and four members of his federal posse,plus three relatives of the Cherokee murder victim. Another ten men were wounded,including both Cherokee and white men.
Jimmie Bob Durham was an American sculptor,essayist and poet. He was active in the United States in the civil rights movements of African Americans and Native Americans in the 1960s and 1970s,serving on the central council of the American Indian Movement (AIM). He returned to working at art while living in New York City. His work has been extensively exhibited. Durham also received the Günther-Peill-Preis (2003),the Foundation for Contemporary Arts Robert Rauschenberg Award (2017),and the 58th Venice Biennale's Golden Lion for lifetime achievement (2019).
The John B. Castleman Monument,within the Cherokee Triangle of Louisville,Kentucky,was unveiled on November 8,1913. The model,selected from a competition to which numerous sculptors contributed,was designed by R. Hinton Perry of New York. The statue was erected to honor John Breckinridge Castleman at a cost of $15,000 by popular subscription from city,state,and other commonwealths. The statue is made of bronze,and rests on a granite pedestal. It stands 15-feet high,with a base of 12×20 feet. The monument was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on July 17,1997,as part of the Civil War Monuments of Kentucky MPS. There have been attempts to remove the statue since January 2019 due to the fact that Castleman was a Major of the Confederate army. The monument was removed on June 8,2020,and is pending cleaning and relocation to Castleman's burial site.
Kimberly Teehee is a Native American attorney,politician,and activist on Native American issues. She is a Delegate-designate to the U.S. House of Representatives from the Cherokee Nation. She served as senior policy advisor for Native American affairs in the administration of President Barack Obama from 2009 to 2012. In February of 2020,she was named by Time as one of 16 activists fighting for a "More Equal America."
Cherokee removal,part of the Trail of Tears,refers to the forced relocation between 1836 and 1839 of an estimated 16,000 members of the Cherokee Nation and 1,000–2,000 of their slaves;from their lands in Georgia,South Carolina,North Carolina,Tennessee,and Alabama to the Indian Territory in the then Western United States,and the resultant deaths along the way and at the end of the movement of an estimated 4,000 Cherokee and unknown number of slaves,although no records of these deaths have ever materialized. Many scholars believe these Indians absconded from the removal rather than died.
The Cherokee Immersion School is a Cherokee language immersion school in Park Hill,Oklahoma,with a Tahlequah post office address. It is for children during pre-school to grade 8.
John Pfeiffer is an American politician who has served in the Oklahoma House of Representatives from the 38th district since 2014. He is Cherokee. He was re-elected by default in 2020. Pfeiffer authored a successful bill in 2023 that allowed for the removal of racial housing covenants from property titles.
The Hiwassee River Heritage Center is a history museum located in Charleston,Tennessee which was established in 2013. The museum chronicles the region's Cherokee and Civil War history. It is a certified interpretive center on the Trail of Tears National Historic Trail.
Mark Vancuren is an American politician who has served in the Oklahoma House of Representatives from the 74th district since 2018. He is Cherokee.
The Cherokee delegate to the United States House of Representatives is an office established via the Treaty of New Echota in 1835. The office was intended to represent the Cherokee people and was instrumental in negotiations of land transfer and sovereignty in the Treaty. The office went vacant until 2019,with the appointment of Kimberly Teehee of the Cherokee Nation. Teehee and tribal leadership attempted to get her seated in the 116th and 117th United States Congresses. In 2021,the United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians designated their own delegate,lawyer Victoria Holland.
References
- ↑ "Representative William Fourkiller". Okhouse.gov. Archived from the original on 2016-07-04. Retrieved 2019-06-07.
- 1 2 Harrison Grimwood (2015-02-21). "Fourkiller seeks to be principal chief of Cherokees". Muskogeephoenix.com. Retrieved 2019-06-07.
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