William Gardiner (botanist)

Last updated

William Gardiner junior
Born(1808-07-13)13 July 1808 [1]
Died21 June 1852(1852-06-21) (aged 43) [1]
Scientific career
FieldsBotany, bryology.

William Gardiner (1808-1852) was a Scottish umbrella maker, poet, and bryologist. [2]

Contents

Life

William Gardiner was born in Dundee, at Overgate, on the 13th of July 1808. [3] According to Lawley, his mother sold pottery, while his father, William senior, was a weaver, gardener, botanist and poet. [3] William junior's grandfather, James Gardiner, was also a weaver. [3] He received little education as a child, but learned how to read and write. [4]

At the age of 10, William was apprenticed to an umbrella-maker. [3] [4] After completing his apprenticeship, he joined the business of a Mr George Robertson, another umbrella maker and hosier. [4] Umbrella-making became his primary source of income until the 1840s when he became a full-time plant collector. [2] [5]

Wanting to continue his education, he took evening classes on botany. [3] He regularly visited natural localities around Dundee to fuel his botanical passion. This was early in the mornings or in the evening at the end of his workday. [4]

William Gardiner junior died on the 21st of June 1852 at the age of 43 after suffering a fever. [4]

Herbarium label of William Gardiner of Dundee. William Gardiner Asperugo label 01.jpg
Herbarium label of William Gardiner of Dundee.
Herbarium specimen collected by William Gardiner of Dundee. William Gardiner Asperugo label 02.jpg
Herbarium specimen collected by William Gardiner of Dundee.

Botany and bryology

The Botanical Society of Edinburgh employed Gardiner in 1838 to collect Alpine plants in Scotland. [3] Around this time, the Botanical Society of London also employed him as a plant collector. [3] In 1844 he left George Robertson's company and worked as a paid botanical collector, working for both institutions and individuals alike. [3]

According to Leisure & Culture Dundee, Sir William J Hooker offered Gardiner a botanical appointment, which he declined due to family commitments. [4]

In the United Kingdom, Gardiner's specimens are cared for at the Natural History Museum in London, [3] the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Herbarium, [3] the Department of Biological Sciences, [3] Dundee University, [3] Hull University, [3] the Bromfield Herbarium, [3] and the Hancock Museum in Newcastle upon Tyne. [3] Elsewhere in the world, The University and Jepson Herbaria at the University of California, Berkeley, [3] the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle [6] and the National Herbarium of Victoria, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria also hold his specimens. [7] Under the title Twenty lessons on British Mosses; first steps to a knowledge of that beautiful tribe of plants ... illustrated with specimens Gardiner authored books which include mounted and numbered herbarium specimens for educational purposes. They resemble exsiccata booklets. [8]

Standard author abbreviation

The standard author abbreviation Gardiner is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name. [9]

Further reading

By William Gardiner

By others

Online bryological and herbarium resources

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Herbarium</span> Scientific collection of dried plants

A herbarium is a collection of preserved plant specimens and associated data used for scientific study.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">James Edward Smith (botanist)</span> English botanist (1759–1828)

Sir James Edward Smith was an English botanist and founder of the Linnean Society.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Miles Joseph Berkeley</span> British botanist (1803–1889)

Miles Joseph Berkeley was an English cryptogamist and clergyman, and one of the founders of the science of plant pathology. The standard author abbreviation Berk. is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">William Henry Harvey</span> Irish botanist

William Henry Harvey, FRS FLS was an Irish botanist and phycologist who specialised in algae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Elmer Drew Merrill</span> U.S. botanist (1876–1956)

Elmer Drew Merrill was an American botanist and taxonomist. He spent more than twenty years in the Philippines where he became a recognized authority on the flora of the Asia-Pacific region. Through the course of his career he authored nearly 500 publications, described approximately 3,000 new plant species, and amassed over one million herbarium specimens. In addition to his scientific work he was an accomplished administrator, college dean, university professor and editor of scientific journals.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">William Starling Sullivant</span> American botanist

William Starling Sullivant was an early American botanist recognized as the foremost authority on bryophytes in the United States.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Giorgio Jan</span> Italian taxonomist, zoologist, botanist, herpetologist, and writer

Giorgio Jan was an Italian taxonomist, zoologist, botanist, herpetologist, and writer. He is also known as Georg Jan or Georges Jan. He was the first director of the natural history museum at Milan.

Christian Friedrich Ecklon was a Danish botanical collector and apothecary. Ecklon is especially known for being an avid collector and researcher of plants in South Africa.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">William Ashbrook Kellerman</span> United States botanist (1850–1908)

William Ashbrook Kellerman was an American botanist, mycologist and photographer.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Marcus E. Jones</span> American geologist and botanist (1852–1934)

Marcus Eugene Jones was an American geologist, mining engineer and botanist. Throughout his career he was known for being an educator, scientist and minister. As an early explorer of the western United States, he is known as the authority for numerous vascular plants. Much of his career was spent self-employed in Salt Lake City, Utah. He edited and distributed several specimen series which resemble exsiccatae, among them one with the title Flora of California. Collected by Marcus E. Jones, A. M.. After the death of his wife in 1915, he sold his herbarium and library to Pomona College. In 1923, he continued botanical work after moving to Claremont, California.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">James Eustace Bagnall</span> English naturalist (1830–1918)

James Eustace Bagnall ALS was an English naturalist with a particular interest in botany, especially bryology. He was the author of the first Flora of Warwickshire (VC38) in 1891. A noted bryologist, he wrote the Handbook of Mosses in the Young Collector Series, various editions of which were published between 1886 and 1910.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">William Hunt Painter</span>

William Hunt Painter was an English botanist who made a significant contribution to the science of Derbyshire vascular plant flora. He was a keen and wide-ranging collector of plant specimens, and was a member of the Botanical Exchange Club. In 1889 he published the first in a series of four books, all by different authors and spanning 120 years, all called The Flora of Derbyshire.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Henry Nicollon des Abbayes</span> French botanist, lichenologist and plant collector (1898–1974)

Henry Robert Nicollon des Abbayes was a French botanist and lichenologist. He was the chair of the Botanical Department of the University of Rennes and an expert on the flora of Great Britain. The standard author abbreviation Abbayes is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name. H.R.N. des Abbayes was editor of four exsiccata series distributing lichen reference specimens among herbaria.

Ferdinand Paul Wirtgen was a German pharmacist and botanist. He was the son of botanist Philipp Wilhelm Wirtgen (1806–1870).

David Nathaniel Friedrich Dietrich was German botanist and gardener.

William Albert Setchell was an American botanist and marine phycologist who taught at the University of California, Berkeley, where he headed the Botany Department. Among his publications are the Phycotheca Boreali-Americana, a multi-volume specimen collection of dried algae, and the Algae of Northwestern America, a reference work.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hugó Lojka</span> Hungarian lichenologist

Hugó Lojka was a Hungarian teacher and lichenologist. He was one of the first researchers of Hungarian cryptogams, especially lichens.

Theodore Christian Frye was an American botany professor and one of the world's leading experts on bryology.

Oljga N. Dubovik is a botanist. Dubovik's works are collection and description of spermatophytes in Russia and Ukraine. In 1993 she issued no. 201 until 250 of the exsiccata Herbarium florae Ukraine.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Exsiccata</span> Published sets of preserved botanical specimens distributed with printed labels

Exsiccata is a work with "published, uniform, numbered set[s] of preserved specimens distributed with printed labels". Typically, exsiccatae refer to numbered collections of dried herbarium specimens or preserved biological samples published in several duplicate sets with a common theme or title, such as Lichenes Helvetici. Exsiccatae are regarded as scientific contributions of the editor(s) with characteristics from the library world and features from the herbarium world. Exsiccatae works represent a special method of scholarly communication. The text in the printed matters/published booklets is basically a list of labels (schedae) with information on each single numbered exsiccatal unit. Extensions of the concept occur.

References

  1. 1 2 "Mr William Gardiner Jnr (13/7/1808-21/6/1852)". Herbaria@Home. Botanical Society of the British Isles. Retrieved 22 February 2023.
  2. 1 2 Farley, Erin (3 June 2019). "The Poetry and Teachings of the Yellow Wall Lichen". British Association for Victorian Studies. Retrieved 22 February 2023.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Lawley, Mark. "WILLIAM GARDINER (1808-1852)" (PDF). British Bryological Society. Retrieved 22 February 2023.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "William Gardiner: Botanist". Leisure & Culture Dundee. Retrieved 22 February 2023.
  5. "Flora of Forfarshire". University of Texas Libraries. Retrieved 22 February 2023.
  6. "Collector's name: Gardiner, W". Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle. Retrieved 22 February 2023.
  7. "Occurrence records". The Australasian Virtual Herbarium. Retrieved 22 February 2023.
  8. "Twenty lessons on British Mosses; first steps to a knowledge of that beautiful tribe of plants ... illustrated with specimens: IndExs ExsiccataID=746541312". IndExs - Index of Exsiccatae. Botanische Staatssammlung München. Retrieved 29 June 2024.
  9. International Plant Names Index.  Gardiner.