Cinchona is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae containing at least 23 species of trees and shrubs. All are native to the tropical Andean forests of western South America. A few species are reportedly naturalized in Central America, Jamaica, French Polynesia, Sulawesi, Saint Helena in the South Atlantic, and São Tomé and Príncipe off the coast of tropical Africa, and others have been cultivated in India and Java, where they have formed hybrids.
Johann Friedrich Klotzsch was a German pharmacist and botanist.
Johann Müller was a Swiss botanist who was a specialist in lichens. He published under the name Johannes Müller Argoviensis to distinguish himself from other naturalists with similar names.
Elmer Drew Merrill was an American botanist and taxonomist. He spent more than twenty years in the Philippines where he became a recognized authority on the flora of the Asia-Pacific region. Through the course of his career he authored nearly 500 publications, described approximately 3,000 new plant species, and amassed over one million herbarium specimens. In addition to his scientific work he was an accomplished administrator, college dean, university professor and editor of scientific journals.
Peter MacOwan was a British colonial botanist and teacher in South Africa.
Christian Friedrich Ecklon was a Danish botanical collector and apothecary. Ecklon is especially known for being an avid collector and researcher of plants in South Africa.
William Baxter ALS, FHS, was a British botanist, author of British Phaenogamous Botany and appointed curator of the Oxford Botanic Garden in 1813. From 1825 to 1828 he issed the exsiccata series Stirpes cryptogamae Oxonienses, or dried specimens of cryptogamous plants collected in the vicinity of Oxford. With Philip Burnard Ayres he distributed another exsiccata under the title Flora Thamnensis.
Carl Moritz Gottsche was a German physician and bryologist born in Altona. He was the father of geologist Carl Christian Gottsche (1859-1909).
Philip Burnard Ayres (1813–1863) was a British physician, botanist and plant collector. He was born at Thame in Oxfordshire on 12 December 1813. He initially began to collect plants in his native United Kingdom and also in France. Between 1841 and 1845 he issued three exsiccata-like series, among them Mycologia Britannica or specimens of British fungi and with William Baxter another exsiccata under the title Flora Thamnensis. In 1856 Ayres was appointed by Queen Victoria to superintendency of quarantine on Flat Island, Mauritius under governor Robert Townsend Farquhar. Ayres is particularly well known for his extensive plant collections made while in this position. He is also credited for finding the first sub fossil remains of the dodo in 1860. From 1856 to 1863 he traveled through Madagascar, the Seychelles, and the Mascarenes to develop this rich collection of Indian Ocean plant specimens. These specimens are now in the herbaria collections of the Natural History Museum, London, the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, the Missouri Botanical Garden and the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris. In addition to collecting, Ayres catalogued and sketched the plants in the wild, as was common among nineteenth century naturalists. He also planned to write a book about the flora of Mauritius, but he died from relapsing fever in his home in Port Louis on 30 April 1863 before the flora could be accomplished. Ayres' wife Harriet collected his written records and bequeathed them to the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Bernhard Adalbert Emil Koehne was a German botanist and dendrologist born near Striegau, a town known today as Strzegom, Poland.
Georg Hans Emmo Wolfgang Hieronymus (1846–1921) was a European botanist of German extraction. He was born in Silesia and died in Berlin.
Charles Edward Hubbard was a British botanist, specialising in agrostology – the study of grasses. He was considered "the world authority on the classification and recognition of grasses" in his time.
George Gardner was a Scottish biologist mainly interested in botany.
Marshall Avery Howe was an American botanist, taxonomist, morphologist, curator and the third director of the New York Botanical Garden. He specialized in the study of liverworts (Hepaticae) and algae, and was also an expert on the cultivation of dahlias and other ornamental plants. He was an instructor in cryptogamic botany at the University of California at Berkeley and was appointed curator of the New York Botanical Garden in 1906, and assistant director in 1923, and director in 1935 after the resignation of Elmer Drew Merrill. In collecting for the gardens, he made numerous expeditions collecting algae and liverworts. He was an active member of the "Garden Club" in New York. He served as secretary then president of the Board of Trustees of the Pleasantville Free Library.
Benjamin Carrington FRSE FLS MRCS was a British botanist and taxonomist in the late 19th century. He was a specialist in bryophytes, cryptogams, fungi and lichens, and wrote extensively on these subjects. With William Henry Pearson he issued an exsiccata series with the title Hepaticae Britannicae exsiccatae (1878–1890).
Marmaduke Alexander Lawson was a British botanist.
Caroline Coventry Haynes was an American bryologist and painter, known for her study of liverworts and other hepatics.
Edward Morell Holmes FLS was a British botanist, curator and lecturer in materia medica. Most of the specimens he collected are marine algae, lichens, or bryophytes.
William Henry Pearson (1849–1923) was an English bryologist, known as an outstanding expert on British liverworts (hepatics).
Exsiccata is a work with "published, uniform, numbered set[s] of preserved specimens distributed with printed labels". Typically, exsiccatae are numbered collections of dried herbarium specimens or preserved biological samples published in several duplicate sets with a common theme or title, such as Lichenes Helvetici. Exsiccatae are regarded as scientific contributions of the editor(s) with characteristics from the library world and features from the herbarium world. Exsiccatae works represent a special method of scholarly communication. The text in the printed matters/published booklets is basically a list of labels (schedae) with information on each single numbered exsiccatal unit. Extensions of the concept occur.
