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William Hibbert | |
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Born | 1759 Manchester, England |
Died | 4 August 1844 84–85) London, England | (aged
Occupation | West Indian Merchant |
Known for | Planter, slave trader, merchant |
Notable work | Hare Hill |
Children | 8
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Relatives | George Hibbert (brother) |
External image | |
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William Hibbert (1759 – 1844) was an English planter, slave trader and merchant. He was the sixth son of Robert Hibbert (1717–1784) and Abigail Scholey. With his brother George Hibbert and cousin Robert Hibbert (1769–1849), William was a partner in the West Indian merchant house Geo. Rob. & Wm. Hibbert. The firm was involved in the slave trade and principally with the shipping, insurance and distribution of sugar from the West Indies. [1]
Hibbert was born in Manchester in 1759, and baptised on 22 September 1759 at Cross Street Presbyterian Church. [2] In the 1780s he moved to Jamaica to work in his uncle's slave factorage business in Kingston, Jamaica, where his brothers Robert and Thomas were already working. [3] He was thought to be in Jamaica from 1781-82 but found it to be not to his liking. [4] In 1782, Hibbert won £20,000 (or a share of it) in a benefit lottery, and returned to England, where he continued working in the London branch of the family business. [5] Hibbert married Elizabeth [Betty] Greenhalgh in 1784 at St Mary's Church, Manchester. [3] [2] Elizabeth was the daughter and co-heir of Robert Greenhalgh of Bolton-le-Moors (the other co-heir was her sister Mary, who married William Hibbert's brother Samuel). [6] [1] They had eight children (three sons, five daughters). In 1797 he purchased land from the Leicester family and built the country estate Hare Hill. [5] On his death in 1844 the house passed to his eldest son William Tetlow Hibbert, who had joined the merchant house and went on to a successful commercial career of his own, including as a director of the Royal Exchange Assurance Corporation from 1851–1867. [7]
By 1825, Hibbert's occupation was listed as "merchant", at W. & S. Hibbert, of 1 Billiter Court, City of London. [2] Under the Slavery Abolition Act 1833 and the later Slave Compensation Act 1837, British slave-owners were paid compensation for the loss of slave labour. The Legacies of British Slave-ownership database shows thirteen claims with which Hibbert was involved, often as a mortgage holder with other family members. [1] He and his brother George were compensated for the emancipation of over 1,000 slaves. [2]
Hibbert lived at Crescent Grove, Clapham from 1810 until his death on 4 August 1844 [2] and was buried in the churchyard at St Paul's Church, Clapham.
His estate was valued at more than £100,000, a legacy of his slave-ownership. Two of his daughters, Sarah and Mary Anne, commissioned an almshouse on Wandsworth Road, Clapham in his memory. The eight Hibbert Almshouses were built in 1859 to provide accommodation for older women from the parish of Clapham. [8] The building has an inscription which reads;
These houses for eight aged women were erected by Sarah Hibbert and Mary Ann Hibbert in grateful remembrance of their father William Hibbert Esq. long an inhabitant of Clapham anno domini 1859.
The almshouses were designed by Edward I'Anson and are Grade II listed; [9] they are considered to "have ensured that William's memory has been enshrined in the local area although it is unlikely that many people are now aware of his involvement with slavery". [7]
The Clapham Sect, or Clapham Saints, were a group of social reformers associated with Holy Trinity Clapham in the period from the 1780s to the 1840s. Despite the label "sect", most members remained in the established Church of England, which was highly interwoven with offices of state.
Robert Hibbert was the founder of the Hibbert Trust.
The Slavery Abolition Act 1833 was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which provided for the gradual abolition of slavery in most parts of the British Empire. Passed by Earl Grey's reforming administration, it expanded the jurisdiction of the Slave Trade Act 1807 and made the purchase or ownership of slaves illegal within the British Empire, with the exception of "the Territories in the Possession of the East India Company", Ceylon, and Saint Helena. The Act came into force on 1 August 1834, and was repealed in 1998 as a part of wider rationalisation of English statute law; however, later anti-slavery legislation remains in force.
Bryan Edwards, FRS was an English politician and historian born in Westbury, Wiltshire. Edwards supported the slave trade, and was described by abolitionist William Wilberforce as a powerful opponent.
Robert Milligan was a Scottish merchant, ship-owner and slave trader who was the driving force behind the construction and initial statutory sectoral monopoly of the West India Docks in London. From 1768 to 1779 Milligan was a merchant in Kingston, Jamaica. He left Jamaica in 1779 to establish himself in London, where he got married and had a family of eight children. He moved to Hampstead shortly before he died in 1809. By the time of his death, one of Milligan's partnerships had interests in estates in Jamaica which owned 526 slaves in their sugar plantations.
George Hibbert was an English merchant, politician and ship-owner. Alongside fellow slaver Robert Milligan, he was also one of the principals of the West India Dock Company which instigated the construction of the West India Docks on London's Isle of Dogs in 1800. An amateur botanist and book-collector, he also helped found the Royal National Lifeboat Institution in 1824.
Benjamin Vaughan MD FRSE LLD was a British political radical. He was a commissioner in the negotiations between Britain and the United States at the drafting of the Treaty of Paris.
Thomas Hibbert (1710–1780) was an English merchant and planter who became a prominent figure in colonial Jamaica.
Charles Horsfall was a merchant and slave-owner who served as Mayor of Liverpool 1832–1833.
Robert Hibbert was a British merchant in Manchester with commercial premises on King's Street.
Robert Charles Dallas was a Jamaican-born British poet and conservative writer. He is known also for a contentious book on Lord Byron, and a history of the Second Maroon War.
Hibbert, Purrier and Horton was a London-based merchant and shipping business, initially founded in 1770, which was also extensively involved in the slave trade during the late 18th and early-mid-19th century. A partnership, it was the primary trading vehicle for successive generations of the Hibbert family's business interests in the West Indies.
Joseph Foster Barham, the younger was an English politician, merchant and plantation owner.
Henry Dawkins was a British politician.
Nathaniel Bayly was an English planter and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1770 to 1779.
Charles McGarel (1788–1876) was an Irish merchant and planter. In 1833, the British Government abolished slavery and compensated owners, such as McGarel, who became a major beneficiaries of this scheme. With his wealth he conducted business in the City of London, funded civic works in his home town of Larne, County Antrim and bought land and property in Ireland. Having no children, he left his estate to his brother-in-law, James Hogg, on condition that he integrate McGarel into his family name, becoming James McGarel-Hogg, later Lord Magheramorne.
Alexander Aikman was a Scottish printer, newspaper publisher, planter, and member of Jamaica's House of Assembly. From 1805 to 1825, he was a member of the House of Assembly as the representative of Saint George parish.
Albion was a sugar plantation in Saint David Parish, Jamaica. Created during or before the 18th century, it had at least 451 slaves when slavery was abolished in most of the British Empire in 1833. By the end of the 19th-century it was the most productive plantation in Jamaica due to the advanced refining technology it used. By the early 20th century, however, its cane sugar could not compete with cheaper European beet sugar, and it produced its last sugar crop in 1928. It subsequently became a banana farm for the United Fruit Company.
William Atherton, was a merchant and wealthy landowner from Lancashire, England, who operated and co-owned sugar plantations in the former Colony of Jamaica. He was a slave owner, as well as an importer of slaves from Africa.
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