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Intellectual property (IP) is a category of property that includes intangible creations of the human intellect. There are many types of intellectual property, and some countries recognize more than others. The best-known types are patents, copyrights, trademarks, and trade secrets. The modern concept of intellectual property developed in England in the 17th and 18th centuries. The term "intellectual property" began to be used in the 19th century, though it was not until the late 20th century that intellectual property became commonplace in most of the world's legal systems.
A patent is a type of intellectual property that gives its owner the legal right to exclude others from making, using, or selling an invention for a limited period of time in exchange for publishing an enabling disclosure of the invention. In most countries, patent rights fall under private law and the patent holder must sue someone infringing the patent in order to enforce their rights. In some industries patents are an essential form of competitive advantage; in others they are irrelevant.
The World Intellectual Property Organization is one of the 15 specialized agencies of the United Nations (UN). Pursuant to the 1967 Convention Establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization, WIPO was created to promote and protect intellectual property (IP) across the world by cooperating with countries as well as international organizations. It began operations on 26 April 1970 when the convention entered into force. The current Director General is Singaporean Daren Tang, former head of the Intellectual Property Office of Singapore, who began his term on 1 October 2020.
Pro bono publico, usually shortened to pro bono, is a Latin phrase for professional work undertaken voluntarily and without payment. In the United States, the term typically refers to provision of legal services by legal professionals for people who are unable to afford them.
An industrial design right is an intellectual property right that protects the visual design of objects that are purely utilitarian. An industrial design consists of the creation of a shape, configuration or composition of pattern or color, or combination of pattern and color in three-dimensional form containing aesthetic value. An industrial design can be a two- or three-dimensional pattern used to produce a product, industrial commodity or handicraft.
Technology transfer (TT), also called transfer of technology (TOT), is the process of transferring (disseminating) technology from the person or organization that owns or holds it to another person or organization, in an attempt to transform inventions and scientific outcomes into new products and services that benefit society. Technology transfer is closely related to knowledge transfer.
The Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) is an international patent law treaty, concluded in 1970. It provides a unified procedure for filing patent applications to protect inventions in each of its contracting states. A patent application filed under the PCT is called an international application, or PCT application.
A utility model is a patent-like intellectual property right to protect inventions. This type of right is available in many countries but, notably, not in the United States, United Kingdom or Canada. Although a utility model is similar to a patent, it is generally cheaper to obtain and maintain, has a shorter term, shorter grant lag, and less stringent patentability requirements. In some countries, it is only available for inventions in certain fields of technology and/or only for products. Utility models can be described as second-class patents.
James Packard Love is the director of Knowledge Ecology International, formerly known as the Consumer Project on Technology, a non-governmental organization with offices in Washington, D.C., and Geneva, that works mainly on matters concerning knowledge management and governance, including intellectual property policy and practice and innovation policy, particularly as they relate to health care and access to knowledge.
Guangdong Oppo Mobile Telecommunications Corp., Ltd, doing business as OPPO, is a Chinese consumer electronics manufacturer headquartered in Dongguan, Guangdong. Its major product lines include smartphones, smart devices, audio devices, power banks, and other electronic products.
Science and technology in Canada consists of three distinct but closely related phenomena:
Google Patents is a search engine from Google that indexes patents and patent applications.
Scams in intellectual property include scams in which inventors and other rights holders are lured to pay money for an apparently official registration of their intellectual property, or for professional development and promotion of their ideas, but do not receive the expected services.
Canadian patent law is the legal system regulating the granting of patents for inventions within Canada, and the enforcement of these rights in Canada.
Intangible asset finance, also known as "IP finance", is the branch of finance that uses intangible assets such as intellectual property and reputation to gain access to credit. Like other areas of finance, intangible asset finance is concerned with the interdependence of value, risk, and time.
World Intellectual Property Indicators (WIPI) is an annual statistical report published by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). The publication provides an overview of the activity in the areas of patents, utility models, trademarks, industrial designs, microorganisms, plant variety protection, geographical indications and the creative economy.
Cybersquatting is the practice of registering, trafficking in, or using an Internet domain name, with a bad faith intent to profit from the goodwill of a trademark belonging to someone else.
Iran is a member of the WIPO since 2001 and has acceded to several WIPO intellectual property treaties. Iran joined the Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property in 1959. In December 2003 Iran became a party to the Madrid Agreement and the Madrid Protocol for the International Registration of Marks. In 2005 Iran joined the Lisbon Agreement for the Protection of Appellations of Origin and their International Registration, which ensures the protection of geographical names associated with products. As at February 2008 Iran had yet to accede to The Hague Agreement for the Protection of Industrial Designs.
hülsta-werke Hüls GmbH & Co. KG is a German furniture manufacturer with its headquarters in Stadtlohn, Germany. The company name hülsta is derived from the name of the founder family Hüls and the company headquarters in Stadtlohn. It is a registered trademark.
WIPO GREEN is a World Intellectual Property Organization program that supports global efforts to address climate change and food security through sharing of sustainable technology innovations. WIPO GREEN was established in 2013, it is a free online marketplace for technology exchange connecting providers and seekers of inventions and innovations in environmental technology. WIPO GREEN acts as platform for innovators, small and medium enterprises, Fortune 500 companies, and other key stakeholders to take part in green technology innovation and increase diffusion with the help of intellectual property rights through services such as the database, network, and projects. Under the management of WIPO’s Global Challenges Division, WIPO GREEN consists of three main elements: 1) the online database of sustainable technologies uploads and needs, 2) Acceleration Projects, and 3) the WIPO GREEN partners network.
References
- ↑ Lisgar Collegiate Institute. Vox Lycei 1928-1929. Lisgar Alumni Association. pp. 43–. GGKEY:YRY9YYJW6E7.
- ↑ Pierce Piano Atlas, Volume 12. 2008. ISBN 9780911138078 . Retrieved 2008-03-12.
- ↑ "Willis & Company". antiquepianoshop.com. Retrieved April 10, 2019.
- 1 2 3 4 5 "About Willis & Co. Pianos". willispiano.com. Retrieved April 10, 2019.
- ↑ "Willis & Company Ltd.-The Canadian Encyclopedia". The Canadian Encyclopedia . Feb 7, 2006.
- ↑ W.H. New; William Herbert New (6 August 2003). A History of Canadian Literature. McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. pp. 376–. ISBN 978-0-7735-2597-9.
- ↑ Robert Palmieri (June 2004). The Piano: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. pp. 219–. ISBN 978-1-135-94964-8.
- ↑ "Willis clan left mark in entertainment, news industries" . Retrieved 23 Aug 2011– via PressReader.
- ↑ Willis & Company. Pianola.ca. Retrieved 12 March 2015.
- 1 2 "WIPO Global Brand Database DE948592 - Willis". World Intellectual Property Organization . August 30, 1976.
- ↑ "Registerauskunft des Deutschen Patent- und Markenamtes". German Patent and Trade Mark Office . Retrieved June 29, 2016.
- ↑ "WIPO Global Brand Database DE302016214832 - Willis". World Intellectual Property Organization . Retrieved June 29, 2016.