Wola Subdistrict (Home Army)

Last updated
The flag of the Home Army Flaga PPP.svg
The flag of the Home Army

The Wola Subdistrict was a command of the Home Army's Warsaw District which was active during World War II. Under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Jan Tarnowski, Home Army units from the subdistrict fought against German-led Axis forces in the 1944 Warsaw Uprising. They fought in the Wola neighbourhood of Warsaw from 1 to 6 August 1944, when Axis units forced them to retreat to the Old Town, Śródmieście and the Kampinos Forest. During their engagements with Home Army fighters from the subdistrict, troops of the Kaminski Brigade and Dirlewanger Brigade committed the Wola massacre, killing up to 50,000 Polish civilians. A notable fighter from the subdistrict was Jan Kryst. [1]

Contents

Organisational structure

The Wola Subdistrict included the following Home Army units:

Military service

The place of concentration of the Region I on 1 August was Górce-Blizne. Units could not take weapon stored in the area of Ulrich gardens, because one day earlier German tanks had arrived there. Soldiers passed through to the Kampinos Forest, received weapon there and were included into the Kampinos Group. In the attack from Żoliborz to the Warsaw Gdańsk Station the units suffered losses up to 80% of their number. Those who survived, were included into the Żaglowiec Grouping and continued to fight until the moment of the capitulation of Żoliborz on 30 September 1944.

In the Region II, the 1st company of second lieutenant "Jaśmin" was assigned the task to seize the petroleum factory in Koło. The attack was recalled because engineer units failed to destroy the wall fence. After retreat from the area of the streets: Obozowa/Wawryszewska/Świętego Stanisława and upon a reconnaissance of the situation, the company was assigned the task to erect and to man the barricades in the intersections of streets: Obozowa / Młynarska, Górczewska / Działdowska and Wolska / Działdowska.

On the night of 3 August 1944, fighters from the 1st Company were sent to a Jewish cemetery in Wola to receive Allied air drops. In the afternoon of 5 August, the unit withdrew to Gibalskiego street. On 6 August the company moved to the Old Town and took a section of Brzozowa street from Kamienne Schodki up to Mostowa street. It was undertaken an unsuccessful and hard-fought attack on the Warsaw Gdańsk Station. After working its way to Śródmieście the company defended a section of Widok street as well as a barricade on the crossing of Bracka / Aleje Jerozolimskie streets.

The 2nd company of second lieutenant "Gromada" ought to have seized a school building in Górczewska street. Because of heavy fire of the enemy it was forced to withdraw to the area of Wawrzyszewska / Obozowa streets crossing, where it manned a defensive positions extending up to Ostroroga street. On 4 August the unit withdrew to the area of Protestant cemetery; on 5 August to Kercelak and then it moved to the Old Town. The unit took part in fights in Stawki Street  [ pl ] and in the attack on the Warsaw Gdańsk Station. Having retreated to Śródmieście it defended Książęca street.

Crosses to commemorate the fallen of the 3rd company of sec. lieutenant "Ostoja" Obwod III Wola AK-Ostoja-2006.jpg
Crosses to commemorate the fallen of the 3rd company of sec. lieutenant "Ostoja"

The 3rd company of Sec. Lieutenant "Ostoja" was assigned the task to bar the road to Warsaw from the direction of Ulrichów against Germans. The platoon commanded by sec. lieutenant Franciszek Potocki pseudonym "Laos" set about executing the task. The enemy had manned a viaduct and mastered the neighbourhood by conducting fire from guard towers placed along the railway line. The attack collapsed. There were many wounded and 15 killed. The platoon of officer cadet Marian Lewandowski pseudonym "Ryś", armed with hand-grenades only, seized the caserns in a school in Gostyńska street and manned barricades in Górczewska / Płocka streets crossing and at the hospital in Płocka street. In the course of heavy fight an enemy tank was destroyed and many pieces of weapon were seized. On 4 August the unit withdrew to Górczewska / Działdowska street crossing, and then to Grzybowska and Mariańska streets, where insurgents who were withdrawing from Wola, were gathering. The Wola units were organised into the Józef Sowiński Bataillon, which fought in streets of Komitetowa, Pańska, Ceglana / Żelazna crossing, Grzybowska, on the area of the Norblin Factory and the Haberbusch Brewery. The assigned area was kept on until the end of the Warsaw Uprising.

Units of the Region III after short fight in Karolkowa and Dworska streets withdrew to Śródmieście and to the Old Town, where they took part in fights conducted by various units until the end of the uprising.

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Military history of the Warsaw Uprising</span>

The Warsaw Uprising began with simultaneous coordinated attacks at 17:00 hours on August 1, 1944 (W-hour). The uprising was intended to last a few days until Soviet forces arrived; however, this never happened, and the Polish forces had to fight almost without any outside assistance. Initially the battle raged throughout most of Warsaw, but after a short time it became confined to districts in the West of the town. The key factor in the battle was the massive imbalance of weapons between the two sides. The German side was extremely well equipped whilst the Polish side had, initially, barely enough ammunition for a few days. The policy of one bullet, one German allowed the Polish fighters to sustain the uprising for many weeks at the cost of their own lives. Some areas fought for a full 63 days before an agreed capitulation took place. The losses on the Polish side amounted to 18,000 soldiers killed, 25,000 wounded and over 250,000 civilians killed; those on the German side amounted to over 17,000 soldiers killed and 9,000 wounded.

The 8th Infantry Division was a tactical unit of the Polish Army. It was active in the Polish-Bolshevik War, as well as during the Invasion of Poland in 1939. During World War II, the division was reformed twice as part of two distinct armed forces: once as part of the Home Army during the Warsaw Uprising and again as part of the Polish Army in the East.

The Sub-district I of Ochota – one of territorial organisational units of the Warsaw District, which operated during the German occupation of Poland 1939–1945. It comprised the area of the Ochota district of the city of Warsaw.

The District of Warsaw (of Armia Krajowa) (Polish: Okręg Warszawa) - one of territorial organisational units of the Polish Home Army, covered the territory of Warsaw and its close neighbourhood i.e. the Powiat of Warsaw. Military units belonging to that district took part in the Warsaw Uprising of 1944.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Warsaw County Subdistrict (Home Army)</span>

The Sub-district VII of Warsaw suburbs also called Sub-district collar - a territorial organisational unit of the District of Warsaw of Armia Krajowa, which acted during the German occupation of Poland. Military units of that sub-district took part in the Warsaw Uprising of 1944.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Żoliborz Subdistrict (Home Army)</span>

The Subdistrict of Żoliborz - a territorial organisational unit of the District of Warsaw of Armia Krajowa. It covered the area of Żoliborz in Warsaw, fought in conspiracy during the German occupation of Poland during World War II and openly during the Warsaw Uprising 1944.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Żniwiarz Group</span>

The Żniwiarz Group was a group of military units in Żoliborz in Warsaw, Poland, which took part in the Warsaw Uprising of 1944.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Żyrafa Group</span>

The Żyrafa Group was a group of military units of Armia Krajowa, which fought during the Warsaw Uprising of 1944 in the Sub district II of Żoliborz, which included the Żoliborz district of Warsaw.

The Żbik Group is a group of conspiracy military units of Armia Krajowa in the Sub-district II of Żoliborz in Żoliborz of Warsaw that took part in fights of the Warsaw Uprising of 1944.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Żmija Group</span>

The Żmija Group - a group of military units of the Sub-district II of Żoliborz of Armia Krajowa in Żoliborz in Warsaw during the German occupation of Poland. The units took part in the fights of the Warsaw Uprising of 1944.

ZaglTablica.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Plaque to commemorate soldiers of the Żaglowiec Group, placed in the point of concentration of its units on 1 August 1944 on Angola 10 stret in angola.]]

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Radosław Group</span>

Radosław Group was the codename of a group of Kedyw, a Polish World War II Armia Krajowa organization, units during World War II created shortly before the outbreak of the Warsaw Uprising.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wola Massacre Memorial, Górczewska Street</span> Memorial in Warsaw, Poland

The Wola Massacre Memorial on Górczewska Street is a war memorial located at 32 Górczewska Street in the Wola district of Warsaw, Poland.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kampinos Group</span> Partisan formation of the Home Army

The Kampinos Group was a partisan formation of the Home Army fighting in the Kampinos Forest during the Warsaw Uprising of 1944.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wola hospitals during the Warsaw Uprising</span> Part of the Warsaw Uprising, 1944

During the Warsaw Uprising in 1944, four hospitals operated in the Wola district of Warsaw.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of Jaktorów</span> Partisan battle fought during World War II in Poland

The Battle of Jaktorów was a partisan battle fought on 29 September 1944 near the village of Budy Zosine close to Jaktorów, ending with the defeat of the main forces of the Kampinos Group by the Germans.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Defense of the Wola cemeteries</span> Defensive battles during World War II in Warsaw

The defense of the Wola cemeteries consisted of defensive battles in the area of Powązki and Okopowa Street in Warsaw, conducted by soldiers of the Home Army's Kedyw during the Warsaw Uprising.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Insurgent attacks on the Bielany airfield</span> Unsuccessful attempt to capture the Bielany airfield in Warsaw

The insurgent attacks on the Bielany airfield were an unsuccessful attempt by the Home Army soldiers to capture the Bielany airfield in Warsaw during the early days of the Warsaw Uprising in 1944.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Insurgent attacks on Warszawa Gdańska railway station</span> Attempts by soldiers of the Home Army to capture the Warszawa Gdańska railway station in Warsaw

Insurgent attacks on the Warszawa Gdańska railway station were multiple attempts by soldiers of the Home Army to capture the Warszawa Gdańska railway station in Warsaw during the Warsaw Uprising of 1944.

References

Bibliography