The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons,commonly known as the Non-Proliferation Treaty or NPT,is an international treaty intended to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and weapons technology,to promote cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy,and to further the goal of achieving nuclear disarmament. Between 1965 and 1968,the treaty was negotiated by the Eighteen Nation Committee on Disarmament,a United Nations-sponsored organization based in Geneva,Switzerland. A central premise of the NPT is that NPT non-nuclear-weapon states agree not to acquire nuclear weapons and the NPT nuclear-weapon states in exchange agree to share the benefits of peaceful nuclear technology.
Ileana Ros-Lehtinen is a politician and lobbyist from Miami,Florida,who represented Florida's 27th congressional district from 1989 to 2019. By the end of her tenure,she was the most senior U.S. Representative from Florida. She was Chairwoman of the House Foreign Affairs Committee from 2011–2013. In 1989,Ros-Lehtinen won a special election and became the first Cuban American elected to Congress. She was also the first Republican woman elected to the House from Florida. Ros-Lehtinen gave the first Republican response to the State of the Union address in Spanish in 2011,and gave the third in 2014.
Iran has research sites,two uranium mines,a research reactor,and uranium processing facilities that include three known uranium enrichment plants.
Charles Woodruff Yost was a career U.S. Ambassador who was assigned as his country's representative to the United Nations from 1969 to 1971.
The Under Secretary for Arms Control and International Security (T) is a position within the U.S. Department of State that serves as Senior Adviser to the President and the Secretary of State for Arms Control,Nonproliferation,and Disarmament.
Military action against Iran is a controversial topic in Israel and the United States. Proponents of a strike against Iran point to the threat presented by Iran's nuclear program as a casus belli. Many Israelis,and particularly hardline politicians such as Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu,American neoconservatives,Iranian dissidents support military action to stop the program or go further to overthrow the regime. Opposition to military action is often based in pacifism,but some who are opposed to military action against Iran are opposed for other reasons.
Rose Eilene Gottemoeller is an American diplomat who served as Deputy Secretary General of NATO from October 2016 to October 2019 under Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg. Before then she was the Under Secretary of State for Arms Control and International Security at the U.S. State Department.
Brian H. Hook is an American diplomat,lawyer and government official. In 2021,he joined Cerberus Capital Management as vice chairman for global investments. He is an adjunct professor at Duke University's Sanford School of Public Policy.
Mary Beth Long is an American foreign policy expert,entrepreneur,and former U.S. Government official. From 2007 to 2009,Long served as the first woman confirmed by the U.S. Senate as an Assistant Secretary of Defense,and as such,was the first female civilian four-star military equivalent in the history of the Pentagon. She led the International Security Affairs (ISA) office in the Office of the Secretary of Defense responsible for policy for the Middle East,Europe,and Africa. She was also the first woman ever to be appointed as Chair of NATO's High Level Group (HLG),the highest-level responsible for NATO's nuclear policy and reporting directly to the Secretary General of NATO.
Paula Adamo DeSutter was United States Assistant Secretary of State for Verification,Compliance,and Implementation from 2002 to 2009.
Christopher Ashley Ford is an American lawyer and government official who served from January 2018 until January 2021 as Assistant Secretary of State for International Security and Non-Proliferation. He was nominated to that position by President Donald Trump,and confirmed unanimously by the U.S. Senate on December 21,2017. After October 21,2019,Ford also,by delegation from Secretary of State Michael Pompeo,performed the duties of the Under Secretary of State for Arms Control and International Security until his resignation from the Department of State on January 8,2021.
Joseph Estey Macmanus is an American diplomat who served as Executive Secretary of the United States Department of State from 2014 to 2017. Prior to that,he served as the U.S. Ambassador to International Organizations in Vienna from 2012 to 2014,as well as interim coordinator for efforts to implement President Barack Obama's Iran Nuclear Deal in 2015.
Brett H. McGurk is an American diplomat,attorney,and academic who served in senior national security positions under presidents George W. Bush,Barack Obama,and Donald Trump. He currently serves as deputy assistant to President Joe Biden and National Security Council coordinator for the Middle East and North Africa.
The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action,commonly known as the Iran nuclear deal or Iran deal,is an agreement on the Iranian nuclear program reached in Vienna on 14 July 2015,between Iran and the P5+1 together with the European Union.
Federica Mogherini is an Italian politician who served as High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy and Vice-President of the European Commission from 2014 to 2019. A member of the Democratic Party (PD),which is part of the Party of European Socialists,a political faction made up of centre-left national political parties in the European Union,the United Kingdom,and Norway. She previously served as Italy's Minister for Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation from February to October 2014 in the Renzi government. She was a member of the Chamber of Deputies (MP) from 2008 to 2014. In 2020,she was appointed rector of the College of Europe,a post-graduate university for European studies in Bruges (Belgium) and Natolin (Poland).
Joel Rayburn is a retired United States Army officer,former diplomat,and historian who served as the United States Special Envoy for Syria from 2018 to 2021. He has published books and articles about the American invasion of Iraq in 2003 and its results. From January to July 2021 he served as a special advisor for Middle East affairs to U.S. Senator Bill Hagerty (R-TN). He is currently a Fellow in the National Security Program at the New America Foundation.
The United States announced its withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA),also known as the "Iran nuclear deal" or the "Iran deal",on May 8,2018. The JCPOA is an agreement on Iran's nuclear program reached in July 2015 by Iran and the P5+1 also called E3/EU+3.
Andrea Lee Thompson is an American government official and former military officer. She is the former Under Secretary of State for Arms Control and International Security Affairs. Prior to this,she was the National Security Advisor to Vice President Mike Pence. Before entering government service,she was a career intelligence officer in the United States Army.
The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action,commonly known as the Iran nuclear deal or Iran deal,is an agreement on the Iranian nuclear program reached in Vienna on 14 July 2015 between Iran,the P5+1,and the European Union.
During Tulsi Gabbard's tenure as a congresswoman and presidential candidate,she placed much emphasis on her foreign policy views and regarded them as inseparable from her domestic policy views. She criticizes what she terms the "neoliberal/neoconservative war machine",which pushes for US involvement in "wasteful foreign wars". She has said that the money spent on war should be redirected to serve health care,infrastructure,and other domestic priorities. Nevertheless,she describes herself as both a hawk and a dove:"When it comes to the war against terrorists,I'm a hawk",but "when it comes to counterproductive wars of regime change,I'm a dove".
