Yobert K. Shamapande | |
---|---|
Born | |
Alma mater | Columbia University (M.S. & PhD) California State Polytechnic University, Pomona (B.S) |
Occupation | Development economist |
Political party | National Leadership for Development |
Yobert K. Shamapande is a Zambian international development economist, politician and author who was born to peasant parents and raised in the rural Chibombo District of central Zambia. [1] He received his early education in the rural areas as well as in Lusaka, Zambia's capital city. [2]
In 2001, Shamapande ran for president of Zambia on the ticket of the National Leadership for Development [3] [4] party of which he was one of the founding members. [2] [5] Thereafter, he co-founded and served as chairman & CEO of Global Development Partners, an international development consulting firm based in Washington D.C., with offices in New York and South Africa.
Prior to entering politics, Shamapande had more than three decades of professional leadership in the economic development field. He served for twenty-one years in various senior capacities with the United Nations stationed at the UN headquarters in New York as well as in South Africa
He was first recruited into the United Nations in 1980 by the former Finnish President Martti Ahtisaari who was then serving as the UN Commissioner for Namibia. Shamapande worked for a decade until 1990 as Senior Economist, Executive Assistant, and chief economic advisor to Ahtisaari and subsequent UN Commissioners for Namibia focusing on management and policy as well as strategic planning for the decolonisation of Namibia from apartheid South Africa. He was instrumental in organising planning workshops and conferences on Namibia as well as in designing and drawing up of Namibia's blue print for its post-independence reconstruction and development. In the 1980s, at the height of military conflicts in Southern Africa, Shamapande undertook several trouble-shooting efforts including leading UN missions of economic assistance to the "Frontline States" – neighbouring countries impacted by the apartheid South African destabilisation activities.
From 1996 until 1999 he was appointed by then UN Secretary General Boutos Boutros-Ghali as Director – Chief of mission – to establish a new United Nations Information Center in South Africa. [6] He was charged with the responsibility of supporting South Africa's post-apartheid transformation and serving as "the United Nations voice" in promoting that country's reintegration into the international community.
Following his return to the UN Headquarters in 1999, he served until December 2000, as Chief of the UN Development Business, a UN-corporate sector partnership program with offices in New York and at the World Bank in Washington D.C. His responsibilities included promoting international investment activities financed by the leading multilateral institutions including the World Bank, Latin American Development Bank, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, Caribbean Development Bank, African Development Bank, UNDP and others. [7] [8]
In the field of research, Shamapande has written and published extensively. From 1990 until 1996, he served as Chief Editor [9] and supervised a complex research-publication program of the Yearbook of the United Nations, the most authoritative, flagship reference book about the international work of the United Nations and its various agencies. In that capacity, he edited and published seven volumes of the Yearbook including the Secretary-General’s .1995 special edition to commemorate the UN fiftieth anniversary. [10]
Academically, he has given several public lectures relating to current development issues and taught at various institutions in the United States and South Africa, including as Adjunct Professor of International Affairs at Columbia University, where he taught a course on: “Political economy of poverty and development in Southern Africa; [11] ” as well as Assistant Professor of Urban and Regional Planning at California State Polytechnic University, San Luis Obispo; seminar/workshop at the New School University, New York, .and others. Most recently he has self-published a book through AuthorHouse Why Bother About the Poor? The Politics of Poverty, Peace and Development in Southern Africa'.
Shamapande was the first Zambian Town Planning Officer for the City of Lusaka with the overall responsibility of co-ordinating the City's master planning, growth, development management and control. [6]
Shamapande is a graduate with a B.S degree in urban and regional planning from California State Polytechnic University, Pomona; and Masters and PhD in development economics from Columbia University, New York. [6]
Zambia is a developing country and it achieved middle-income status in 2011. Through the first decade of the 21st century, the economy of Zambia was one of the fastest growing economies in Africa and its capital, Lusaka the fastest growing city in the Southern African Development Community (SADC). Zambia's economic performance has stalled in recent years due to declining copper prices, significant fiscal deficits, and energy shortages.
The Zambian Defence Force is the military of Zambia. It consists of the Zambian Army, the Zambian Air Force, and the Zambia National Service. The defence forces were formed at Zambian independence on 24 October 1964, from constituent units of the dissolved Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland Armed Forces. During the 1970s and 1980s, it played a key role in a number of regional conflicts, namely the South African Border War and Rhodesian Bush War. Being a landlocked country Zambia has no navy, although the Zambian Army maintains a maritime patrol unit for maintaining security on inland bodies of water.
After independence in 1964 the foreign relations of Zambia were mostly focused on supporting liberation movements in other countries in Southern Africa, such as the African National Congress and SWAPO. During the Cold War Zambia was a member of the Non-Aligned Movement.
The history of Namibia has passed through several distinct stages from being colonised in the late nineteenth century to Namibia's independence on 21 March 1990.
Samuel Shafiishuna Daniel Nujoma, is a Namibian revolutionary, anti-apartheid activist and politician who served three terms as the first President of Namibia, from 1990 to 2005. Nujoma was a founding member and the first president of the South West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO) in 1960. Prior to 1960, SWAPO was known as the Ovambo People's Organisation (OPO). He played an important role as leader of the national liberation movement in campaigning for Namibia's political independence from South African rule. He established the People's Liberation Army of Namibia (PLAN) in 1962 and launched a guerrilla war against the apartheid government of South Africa in August 1966 at Omungulugwombashe, beginning after the United Nations withdrew the mandate for South Africa to govern the territory. Nujoma led SWAPO during the lengthy Namibian War of Independence, which lasted from 1966 to 1989.
The Frontline States (FLS) were a loose coalition of African countries from the 1960s to the early 1990s committed to ending apartheid and white minority rule in South Africa and Rhodesia. The FLS included Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Mozambique, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. The FLS disbanded after Nelson Mandela became President of South Africa in 1994.
Chester Arthur Crocker is an American diplomat and scholar who served as Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs from June 9, 1981, to April 21, 1989, in the Reagan administration. Crocker, architect of the U.S. policy of "constructive engagement" towards Southern Africa including apartheid-era South Africa, is credited with setting the terms of Namibian independence.
The United Nations Transition Assistance Group (UNTAG) was a United Nations (UN) peacekeeping force deployed from April 1989 to March 1990 in Namibia, known at the time as South West Africa, to monitor the peace process and elections there. Namibia had been occupied by South Africa since 1915, first under a League of Nations mandate and later illegally. Since 1966, South African forces had been combating an insurgency by the People's Liberation Army of Namibia (PLAN), the military wing of the Namibian-nationalist South West African People's Organization (SWAPO). The UN Security Council passed Resolution 435 in 1978, which set out a plan for elections administered by South Africa but under UN supervision and control after a ceasefire. However, only in 1988 were the two parties able to agree to a ceasefire. As UNTAG began to deploy peacekeepers, military observers, police, and political workers, hostilities were briefly renewed on the day the transition process was supposed to begin. After a new round of negotiations, a second date was set and the elections process began in earnest. Elections for the constitutional assembly took place in November 1989. They were peaceful and declared free and fair; SWAPO won a majority of the seats. The new constitution was adopted four months later and it was followed by Namibia's official independence and the successful conclusion of UNTAG.
United Nations Commissioner for South West Africa was a post created by the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) in 1966 to assert the UN's direct responsibility for South West Africa which was then under illegal occupation by apartheid South Africa.
The Western Contact Group (WCG), representing three of the five permanent members of the UN Security Council - France, United Kingdom and United States - and including Canada and West Germany, launched a joint diplomatic effort in 1977 to bring an internationally acceptable transition to independence for Namibia, after a decade of illegal occupation by apartheid of South Africa.
The T1 or Lusaka–Livingstone Road is the main highway of the Southern Province of Zambia. It begins 55 kilometres south of the city of Lusaka and heads south-west to the principal tourist destination, Victoria Falls in Livingstone, via Mazabuka, Monze, Choma and Kalomo, measuring approximately 430 kilometres (267 mi). The entire route is part of Trans-African Highway network number 4 or Cairo-Cape Town Highway between Cairo and Cape Town.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Zambia:
The United Nations Institute for Namibia (UNIN) was an educational body set up by the United Nations Council for Namibia from 1976 to 1990. Based in Zambia's capital of Lusaka, UNIN was the brainchild of United Nations Commissioner for Namibia Seán MacBride, the proposal creating UNIN was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in December 1974. The forerunner to the current University of Namibia, UNIN sought to educate Namibians for roles in an independent Republic of Namibia.
Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid refers to the foreign relations of South Africa between 1948 and the early 1990s. South Africa introduced apartheid in 1948, as a systematic extension of pre-existing racial discrimination laws. Initially the regime implemented an offensive foreign policy trying to consolidate South African hegemony over Southern Africa. These attempts had clearly failed by the late 1970s. As a result of its racism, occupation of Namibia and foreign interventionism in Angola, the country became increasingly isolated internationally.
Tuliameni Kalomoh is a Namibian diplomat who has among other portfolios served as Special Advisor on Foreign Affairs to the President, Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Namibia.
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Lusaka, Zambia.
The Lusaka Manifesto is a document created by the Fifth Summit Conference of East and Central African States which took place between 14 and 16 April 1969 in Lusaka, the capital of Zambia. Produced at a time when the Republic of South Africa and its affiliated white-ruled regimes in Mozambique, Rhodesia, and Angola were relatively strong but politically isolated, the Manifesto called upon them to relinquish white supremacy and minority rule and singled out apartheid South Africa for violation of human rights. In the manifesto, which was subsequently adopted both by the Organisation of African Unity and the United Nations, thirteen Heads of State offered dialogue with the rulers of these Southern African states under the condition that they accept basic principles of human rights and human liberties. They also threatened to support the various liberation wars if negotiations failed.
The M10 Road is a road in Zambia. It goes from Livingstone, through Sesheke and Senanga, to Mongu. The road is approximately 508 kilometres and follows the Zambezi River for its entire length.
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