Yunomine Onsen | |
---|---|
Location | Tanabe, Wakayama Prefecture, Japan |
Coordinates | 33°49′44.03″N135°45′27.27″E / 33.8288972°N 135.7575750°E Coordinates: 33°49′44.03″N135°45′27.27″E / 33.8288972°N 135.7575750°E |
Type | geothermal |
Temperature | 90°C / 194°F |
Yunomine Onsen is a hot spring system and resort town in Tanabe, near Hongu Town in southern Wakayama Prefecture, Japan. The Tsuboyu bath is located there, a UNESCO World Heritage site. [1]
Yunomine Onsen is considered one of the oldest thermal spring systems in Japan, and was discovered 1,800 years ago. For over 1000 years, people have made pilgrimage to the onsen to participate in hot spring water purification rituals to prepare for visiting Kumano Hongu Taisha shrine to worship. [2] The UNESCO inscribed Kumano Kodo Pilgrimage Route passes through the onsen town. [3] [4] It's located in a narrow, deep valley in the Kumano mountain range, along the Nakahechi Trail of the Kumano Kodo. [5]
A hot creek flows through Yunomine Onsen. The World Heritage site of Tsuboyu Bath; a small, wooden cabin houses a stone-lined hot spring. The soaking pool only fits one or two people. [2] Legends exist claiming that the waters of Tsuboyu have "miraculous healing" properties. Several kabuki plays refer to the Tsuboyu bath [3] including the tale of “Oguri Hangan and Princess Terute”, in which the former is healed from a debilitating illness. [5] Folklore asserts the hot spring water changes in color seven times throughout each day. [6] Legends claim that the thermal spring water was found flowing out of a stone statue of Yakushi Nyorai, the Buddha of healing and medicine. The statue is now located at the Toko-ji Buddhist temple. [7]
The Yunomine Public Bathhouse is located next to the Toko-ji temple. A stone sculpture memorializing the monk and high priest Genpo is located on the bathhouse grounds. [6]
One of the public hot springs called Yuzutsu is used as a public community cooking basin for preparing onsen tamago (hot spring eggs), and vegetables. [5] Some of the traditional ryokans use the hot spring water to cook rice porridge. People living in the area have used the hot springs to cook since at least the time of the Edo Period (1603 to 1868). Today tourists can buy eggs and vegetables in a net to cook in the 90°C water. Locals claim that vegetables cooked in the spring water lose any inherent bitter flavor, they also claim the spring water tenderizes meat as it cooks. Today, the geothermally heated spring water is piped into residents individual homes. [4]
Yunomine Onsen/Tsuboyu Bath is the only hot spring that is featured as part of the UNESCO World Heritage pilgrim route, Kumano Kodo. [5] Historically pilgrims would soak in an area where the sulfur-rich hot spring water flows into the cool waters of the Yunotani River before praying at the Kumano Hongu Taisha Shinto shrine. The Tsuboyu soaking pool that is now built on this spot. [4]
The hot springs are high in sulfur, sodium and hydrogen carbonate. They emerge from the source at 90 °C / 194 °F. Potassium, calcium, ferrous iron, chorine and sulphate are also found in the mineral water. [6] [8]
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In Japan, onsen are the country's hot springs and the bathing facilities and traditional inns around them. As a volcanically active country, Japan has many onsens scattered throughout all of its major islands. There are approximately 25,000 hot spring sources throughout Japan that provide hot mineral water to about 3,000 genuine onsen establishments.
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Tanabe is a city located in Wakayama Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 November 2021, the city had an estimated population of 70,972 in 35076 households and a population density of 69 persons per km². The total area of the city is 1,026.91 square kilometres (396.49 sq mi). Tanabe is the second largest city in Wakayama in terms of population, and the largest in the Kansai region of Japan in terms of area.
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Kumano Nachi Taisha (熊野那智大社) is a Shinto shrine and part of the UNESCO-designated World Heritage Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes in the Kii Mountain Range of Japan. The Kumano Kodō route connects it to other sites under the same classification, which are primarily located in Wakayama Prefecture, Japan. The four sites on the route, classified as pilgrimage destinations and World Heritage Sites, are: 1) Nachi Taisha; 2) Hongū Taisha; 3) Hayatama Taisha; 4) Koya-san.
The Kumano Kodō (熊野古道) is a series of ancient pilgrimage routes that crisscross the Kii Hantō, the largest peninsula of Japan. These trails were used by pilgrims to "Kumano Sanzan" (熊野三山) or the Three Grand Shrines of Kumano: Kumano Hongū Taisha (熊野本宮大社), Kumano Nachi Taisha (熊野那智大社) and Kumano Hayatama Taisha (熊野速玉大社).
Kumano Hongū Taisha (熊野本宮大社) is a Shinto shrine located in the jurisdiction of Tanabe, Wakayama, deep in the rugged mountains of the southeast Kii Peninsula of Japan. It is included as part of the Kumano Sanzan in the World Heritage Site "Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes in the Kii Mountain Range". The main deity enshrined is Kumano Gongen (熊野権現). All of the ancient Kumano Kodō routes lead to the Grand Shrine.
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Manning, Robert and Martha Manning, Walks of a Lifetime: Extraordinary Hikes from Around the World, 2017, ISBN 9781493026425.