Zabita Khan | |
|---|---|
 Portrait of Zabita Khan by Mihr Chand (c. 1770) | |
| Died | 21 January 1785 |
| Resting place | Dargah Qutub Sahib 28°31′09.41″N77°10′49.3″E / 28.5192806°N 77.180361°E |
| Children | Ghulam Qadir |
| Father | Najib ad-Dawlah |
Zabita Khan Rohilla (died 21 January 1785) was a Rohilla chieftain in the time of the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II.
Zabita Khan was the eldest son of Najib-ud-Daula, a leader of the Afghan Rohilla and founder of the city of Najibabad (UP). [1] The Rohillas were Afghans who settled between Delhi and the Himalaya with Bareilly as their first city. They were led by individual chieftains. In the mid-18th century, their most important chieftains were Najib-ud-Daula, Hafiz Rahmat Khan and Ahmad Khan Bangash. [2]
Zabita Khan is known to have fought alongside his father during the Third Battle of Panipat in 1761.
In March 1768 Najib-ud-Daula retired his leadership over the Rohillas and declared Zabita Khan to be his successor, [3] while he moved to Najibabad. Two of Najib-ud-Daula's high-ranking officers resisted (Ali Muhammed Kur and Sayyid Mian Asrar-ud-din [also known as Lambi Mian]) but were crushed by Zabita Khan. [4] On 15 October 1769 Najib-ud-Daula went to Delhi, where Zabita Khan was hosted by the Dowager Empress and the Crown Prince. [4]
At the time of his father's death on 31 October 1770, Zabita Khan was said to be the second richest person in northern India after the Jat King. [5] As his father's eldest son he was invested as Mir Bakhshi (Head of the Mughal Army) by Shah Alam II on 29 December 1770. [6] During his rule, the Marathas captured, first Delhi in 1771 and then Rohilkhand in 1772, [7] forcing him to flee to the camp of the Nawab of Awadh, Shuja-ud-Daula. He also failed to prevent the Sikh Khalsa occupation of Delhi during the Battle of Delhi (1783).
Zabita Khan died on 21 January 1785. He was succeeded by his son Ghulam Kadir. [8] His grave is in the courtyard of the Dargah Qutub Sahib in Mehrauli, a shrine dedicated to the Sufi mystic Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki, and preserved to this day. Some allege that he is buried next to his son Ghulam Kadir, though most consider it more likely that the adjacent grave belongs to Zabita Khan's wife. [9] [10]
Zabita Khan founded the Masjid Zabta Ganj, a mosque in Delhi, which is still operated. [11]
The Third Battle of Panipat took place on 14 January 1761 between the Maratha Confederacy and the invading army of the Durrani Empire. The battle took place in and around the city of Panipat, approximately 97 kilometres (60 mi) north of Delhi. The Afghans were supported by three key allies in India: Najib ad-Dawlah who persuaded the support of the Rohilla chiefs, elements of the declining Mughal Empire, and most prized the Oudh State under Shuja-ud-Daula. The Maratha army was led by Sadashivrao Bhau, who was third-highest authority of the Maratha Confederacy after the Chhatrapati and the Peshwa. The bulk of the Maratha army was stationed in the Deccan Plateau with the Peshwa.
Rohilkhand is a region in the northwestern part of Uttar Pradesh, India, that is centered on the Bareilly and Moradabad divisions. It is part of the upper Ganges Plain, and is named after the Rohilla. The region was called Madhyadesh and Panchala in the Sanskrit epics Mahabharata and Ramayana. During the colonial era in India, the region was governed by the Royal House of Rampur.
Mirza Aziz-ud-Din Muhammad, better known by his regnal name Alamgir II, was the fifteenth Mughal emperor from 1754 to 1759. He was the son of Jahandar Shah.
Shuja-ud-Daula was the third Nawab of Oudh and the Vizier of Delhi from 5 October 1754 to 26 January 1775.
Rohillas are a community of Pashtun heritage, historically found in Rohilkhand, a region in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. It forms the largest Pashtun diaspora community in India, and has given its name to the Rohilkhand region. The Rohilla military chiefs settled in this region of northern India in the 1720s, the first of whom was Ali Mohammed Khan.
Shah Alam II, also known by his birth name Ali Gohar, or Ali Gauhar, was the seventeenth Mughal emperor and the son of Alamgir II. Shah Alam II became the emperor of a crumbling Mughal Empire. His power was so depleted during his reign that it led to a saying in the Persian language, Sultanat-e-Shah Alam, Az Dilli ta Palam, meaning, 'The empire of Shah Alam is from Delhi to Palam', Palam being a suburb of Delhi.
Mahadaji Shinde, later known as Mahadji Scindia or Madhava Rao Scindia, was a Maratha statesman and general who served as the Maharaja of Gwalior from 1768 to 1794. He was the fifth and the youngest son of Ranoji Rao Scindia, the founder of the Scindia dynasty. He is reputed for having restored the Maratha rule over North India and for modernizing his army.
Najib ad-Dawlah, also known as Najib Khan Yousafzai, was a Rohilla Yousafzai Afghan who earlier served as a Mughal serviceman but later deserted the cause of the Mughals and joined Ahmad Shah Abdali in 1757 in his attack on Delhi. He was also a House Chief of Rohilkhand, and in the 1740s founded the city of Najibabad in Bijnor, India. He was instrumental in winning the Third Battle of Panipat.
Auraiya is a city and a municipal board in Auraiya district in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. NH 19 passes through the center of the town. Phaphund is the nearest railway station and Saifai Airstrip the nearest aviation facility, having limited private use. Etawah Safari Park is the nearest lion safari park. The nearest commercial airport is Kanpur Airport. Before becoming the district headquarters, it was the tehsil headquarters of Etawah district. This district is under Kanpur Mandal. [1] [2] [3] This is the heroic place of Sengar Rajputs. Sengar dynasty Kanardhani Maharajadhiraj Vishok Dev was married to Devkala, sister of Maharaja Jaichand Gaharwar (Rathore) of Kannauj. He had received this entire area in dowry. The famous Devkali Temple here was also built by him in the name of his wife Devkali. There are many famous villages of Kshatriya in which Ayana, Bhartaul, Jaswantpur, Bhurepur Kalan, Bhurepur Khurd, Sikharna, Fareha, Anepur, Senganpur, Barbatpur, Roshangpur, Manpur, Bhaupur, keontra, Phaphund, Aseva,Shahbadiya are very famous villages.
Kiratpur, also known as Basi Kiratpur, is a town and a Municipal Board in Bijnor district of Uttar Pradesh.
Baghel Singh was a warrior leader in the Punjab region in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent in the 18th century. He rose to prominence in the area around Sutlej and Yamuna. He joined the Singh Krora Misl, one of the Misls during Sikh Confederacy. In 1765, Singh became the leader of the Misl.
Hafiz Rahmat Khan was the Regent of Rohilkhand in North India, from 1749 to 1774. He was a Pashtun by background, ruling over Rohillas. Hafiz Rahmat Khan had served honorably throughout the reign of three Mughal Emperors: Ahmad Shah Bahadur, Alamgir II and Shah Alam II. He was also a mentor of Prince Mirza Jawan Bakht.
Feroze Jung III or Nizam Shahabuddin Muhammad Feroz Khan Siddiqi Bayafandi also known by his sobriquet Imad-ul-Mulk, was the grand vizier of the Mughal Empire.
Bidar Bakht Mahmud Shah Bahadur, also known by his regnal name Jahan Shah, was the eighteenth Mughal emperor for a brief period in 1788 after Shah Alam II was deposed by Ghulam Kadir, Mahmud Shah Bahadur was the son of a former Mughal Emperor, Ahmad Shah Bahadur. He himself became emperor for a brief period in 1788 as a puppet of Ghulam Kadir, after Shah Alam II had been deposed and blinded. He was allegedly put to death in 1790 by order of Shah Alam II, supposedly for usurping his authority in 1788.
Shahzada Mirza Jawan Bakht Bahadur was a Mughal prince and the eldest son of Emperor Shah Alam II and the grandson of Emperor Alamgir II. He was born in 1749 at the Red Fort, Delhi. Jawan Bakht was a very influential Timurid Prince of the Mughal Empire and he also briefly served as the Heir-apparent of the Mughal Empire.
Sahiba Mahal was the second wife of Mughal emperor Muhammad Shah.
Ghulam Kadir, fully Ghulam Abd al Qadir Ahmed Khan, was a leader of the Afghan Rohilla during the late 18th century in the time of the Mughal Empire. He is particularly known for blinding the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II and occupying and plundering Delhi for two and a half months in 1788.
Sikh attacks on Delhi were common in the second half of the 18th century. The Sikhs attacked Delhi 19 times between 1766 and 1788.
The Raid of Panipat (1770) was a raid on 4 January 1770 by the Sikh forces led by Jassa Singh Ahluwalia against the Mughal forces led by Zabita Khan.
The Battle of Delhi took place in 1788 between Ghulam Kadir Rohilla supported by Mirza Ismail Beg and Marathas under Mahadji Shinde who was asked by Shah Alam II to execute Ghulam Kadir. In which Mahadji Shinde becomes successful and executes Kadir.