1230

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	12th century 13th century 14th century
Decades:	1210s 1220s 1230s 1240s 1250s
Years:	1227 1228 1229 1230 1231 1232 1233

1230 in various calendars

Gregorian calendar	1230 MCCXXX
Ab urbe condita	1983
Armenian calendar	679 ԹՎ ՈՀԹ
Assyrian calendar	5980
Balinese saka calendar	1151–1152
Bengali calendar	637
Berber calendar	2180
English Regnal year	14  Hen. 3  – 15  Hen. 3
Buddhist calendar	1774
Burmese calendar	592
Byzantine calendar	6738–6739
Chinese calendar	己丑年 (Earth  Ox) 3926 or 3866     — to — 庚寅年 (Metal  Tiger) 3927 or 3867
Coptic calendar	946–947
Discordian calendar	2396
Ethiopian calendar	1222–1223
Hebrew calendar	4990–4991
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1286–1287
- Shaka Samvat	1151–1152
- Kali Yuga	4330–4331
Holocene calendar	11230
Igbo calendar	230–231
Iranian calendar	608–609
Islamic calendar	627–628
Japanese calendar	Kangi 2 (寛喜２年)
Javanese calendar	1139–1140
Julian calendar	1230 MCCXXX
Korean calendar	3563
Minguo calendar	682 before ROC 民前682年
Nanakshahi calendar	−238
Thai solar calendar	1772–1773
Tibetan calendar	阴土牛年 (female Earth-Ox) 1356 or 975 or 203     — to — 阳金虎年 (male Iron-Tiger) 1357 or 976 or 204

Map of the Battle of Klokotnitsa (1230)

Year 1230 ( MCCXXX ) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events

By place

Byzantine Empire

• March 9 – Battle of Klokotnitsa: Byzantine forces under Theodore Komnenos (Doukas) invade Bulgaria, breaking the peace treaty with Tsar Ivan Asen II. Theodore gathers a large army, including western mercenaries. The two armies meet near the village of Klokotnitsa. Ivan applies clever tactics and manages to surround the Byzantines. They are completely defeated, only a small force under Theodore's brother Manuel Doukas manages to escape the battlefield. Theodore is taken prisoner and is blinded. In the aftermath, Ivan quickly extends its control over most of Theodore's domains in Thrace, Macedonia and Albania. The Latin Duchy of Philippopolis and the independent principality of Alexius Slav are also captured and annexed into Bulgaria. ^[1]

Europe

• King Alfonso IX defeats Ibn Hud al-Yamani (known as Almogàver by the Christians). This success opens the road to Badajoz to the Leonese troops. ^[2] The Portuguese king Sancho II continues his offensive southward and takes Beja, Juromenha, Serpa and Moura. ^[3]
• August – Treaty of Ceprano: Emperor Frederick II returns from the Sixth Crusade and signs a peace agreement with Pope Gregory IX at Ceprano. He agrees not to violate any territories held by the Papal States in return for Frederick's concessions in Sicily. ^[4]
• Frederick II bestows on the Teutonic Order a special privilege for the conquest of Prussia, including Chełmno Land, with papal sovereignty. He allows the Teutonic Knights to forcibly convert the Prussians to Christianity.
• September 24 – Alfonso IX dies after a 42-year reign and is succeeded by his son Ferdinand III. He receives the Kingdom of León, in return for compensation in cash and lands for his half-sisters Sancha and Dulce.
• Siege of Galway: Norman forces under Richard Mór de Burgh invade Connacht and desolate a large portion of the country. He besieges Galway, but is forced to retreat after a week-long inconclusive battle.

England

• April 30 – King Henry III embarks from Portsmouth with a large expeditionary force. On May 2, he arrives at Guernsey, and the next day the English army lands at Saint-Malo, where Peter I (or de Dreux), duke of Brittany, meets Henry to pay him homage. During the months, the English forces march through the County of Anjou, taking the castle of Mirebeau in late July. ^[5]
• October 27 – Henry III signs a truce with King Louis IX (the Saint) and returns to Portsmouth. He leaves a small force under Peter I and Ranulf de Blondeville, to act against the French in Brittany and Normandy.

Middle East

• Battle of Yassıçemen: A Seljuk-Ayyubid coalition (some 40,000 men) defeats the Khwarazmians under Sultan Jalal al-Din Mangburni at Erzincan on the Upper-Euphrates.

By topic

Literature

• The Carmina Burana poetry and song collection is created (approximate date). ^[6]

Births

• Anna of Hohenstaufen, empress of Nicaea (d. 1307)
• Adelaide of Holland, Dutch countess and regent (d. 1284)
• Bentivenga da Bentivengi, Italian cardinal (d. 1289)
• Boniface VIII, pope of the Catholic Church (d. 1303)
• Edmund de Lacy, English nobleman and knight (d. 1258)
• Elisabeth of Brunswick, German queen consort (d. 1266)
• Gottfried Hagen, German cleric and writer (d. 1299)
• Guillaume de Beaujeu, French Grand Master (d. 1291)
• Guillaume Durand, French bishop and writer (d. 1296)
• Henry of Castile (the Senator), Spanish prince (d. 1303)
• Hermann of Buxhoeveden, German bishop (d. 1285)
• Hugh Aycelin, French cardinal and theologian (d. 1297)
• Hu Sanxing (or Shenzhi), Chinese historian (d. 1302)
• Jacobus de Voragine, Italian archbishop (d. 1298)
• Leonardo Patrasso, Italian cardinal-bishop (d. 1311)
• Margaret Sambiria, Danish queen consort (d. 1282)
• Masuccio Primo, Italian architect and sculptor (d. 1306)
• Maud de Lacy, Norman-Irish noblewoman (d. 1304)
• Odo (or Eudes), French nobleman and knight (d. 1266)
• Peter Quinel, English archdeacon and bishop (d. 1291)
• Squarcino Borri, Italian mercenary leader (d. 1277)
• Yaroslav III of Tver, Kievan Grand Prince (d. 1271)

Deaths

• January 30 – Pelagio Galvani, Leonese cardinal (b. 1165)
• February 1 – Matsudono Motofusa, Japanese nobleman
• May 2 – William de Braose, English nobleman and knight
• May 13 – Casimir I of Opole, Polish nobleman and knight
• July 12 – Margaret of Blois, French noblewoman (b. 1170)
• July 19 – Theobald le Botiller, Norman nobleman (b. 1200)
• July 25 – Rudolph van Coevorden, Dutch nobleman (b. 1192)
• July 28 – Leopold VI, German nobleman and knight (b. 1176)
• July 29 – Hōjō Tokiuji, Japanese nobleman and spy (b. 1203)
• August 24 – Geoffrey de Saye, English nobleman (b. 1155)
• September 9 – Siegfried II, archbishop of Mainz (b. 1165)
• September 24 – Alfonso IX, king of León and Galicia (b. 1171)
• October 25 – Gilbert de Clare, English nobleman (b. 1180)
• November 20 – Nicola de la Haye, English noblewoman
• November 24 – Matthew II, French nobleman and knight
• December 15 – Ottokar I of Bohemia, German nobleman
• December 23 – Berengaria of Navarre, queen of England
• Al-Dakhwar, Ayyubid physician and medical officer (b. 1170)
• Alfonso Téllez de Meneses (the Old), Spanish nobleman
• Beatrice of Viennois, French noblewoman (b. 1160)
• Demetrius of Montferrat, king of Thessalonica (b. 1205)
• Guérin de Montaigu, French nobleman and Grand Master
• Hugues IV de Châteauneuf, French nobleman (b. 1185)
• Ibn Hammad, Hammadid historian and writer (b. 1153)
• Robert de Gresle, English landowner and knight (b. 1174)
• Samuel ibn Tibbon, French rabbi, doctor and philosopher
• Urraca López de Haro, queen of León (approximate date)

References

1. Fine, John V. A. Jr. (1994) [1987]. The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. p. 125. ISBN   0-472-08260-4.
2. Peter Linehan (1999). "Chapter 21: Castile, Portugal and Navarre". In Abulafia, David (ed.). The New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume 5, c.1198–c.1300. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 668–673. ISBN   978-1-13905573-4.
3. Picard, Christophe (2000). Le Portugal musulman (VIIIe-XIIIe siècle. L'Occident d'al-Andalus sous domination islamique. Paris: Maisonneuve & Larose. p. 110. ISBN   2-7068-1398-9.
4. Hywel Williams (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History, p. 138. ISBN   0-304-35730-8.
5. Carpenter, David (2004). The Struggle for Mastery: The Penguin History of Britain 1066–1284, p. 130. London, UK: Penguin. ISBN   978-0-14-014824-4.
6. Carmina Burana. Die Lieder der Benediktbeurer Handschrift. Zweisprachige Ausgabe, hg. u. übers. v. Carl Fischer und Hugo Kuhn, dtv, München 1991; wenn man dagegen z. B. CB 211 und 211a jeweils als zwei Lieder zählt, kommt man auf insgesamt 315 Texte in der Sammlung, so auch Dieter Schaller, Carmina Burana, in: Lexikon des Mittelalters, Bd. 2, Artemis Verlag, München und Zürich 1983, Sp. 1513