1898 Ontario general election

1898 Ontario general election

←  1894 March 1, 1898 1902  →
←  outgoing members
94 seats in the 9th Legislative Assembly of Ontario 48 seats were needed for a majority
First party Second party   Leader Arthur S. Hardy James P. Whitney Party Liberal Conservative Leader since 1896 1896 Leader's seat Brant South Dundas Last election 45 23 Seats won 51 42 Seat change 6 19
Premier before election Arthur S. Hardy Liberal Premier after election Arthur S. Hardy Liberal

The 1898 Ontario general election was the ninth general election held in the Province of Ontario, Canada. It was held on March 1, 1898, to elect the 94 Members of the 9th Legislative Assembly of Ontario ("MLAs"). ^[1]

The Ontario Liberal Party, led by Arthur S. Hardy, won an eighth term in office with a clear majority – the Patrons of Industry and the Protestant Protective Association held no sway in this legislature.

The Ontario Conservative Party, led by Sir James P. Whitney, formed the official opposition.

Results

^[1]

Elections to the 9th Parliament of Ontario (1898)

Political party		Party leader	MPPs					Votes
			Candidates	1894	Dissol.	1898	±	#	%	± (pp)
	Liberal	Arthur S. Hardy	91	45		51	6	202,332	47.29%	6.30
	Conservative	James P. Whitney	90	23		42	19	204,011	47.69%	19.88
	Independent-Conservative		1	–		1	1	1,740	0.41%	New
	Liberal-Patrons		–	12		–	12	Did not campaign
	Conservative–P.P.A.		–	5		–	5
	Patrons of Industry	Joseph Longford Haycock	–	3		–	3
	Conservative-Patrons		–	2		–	2
	Liberal-P.P.A.		–	2		–	2
	Protestant Protective Association		–	1		–	1
	Independent-Conservative-PPA		–	1		–	1
	Independent		18	–	–	–		19,683	4.60%	2.10
	Labour		1	–	–	–		57	0.01%	New
	Vacant
Total			201	94	94	94		427,823	100.00%
Blank and invalid ballots								3,601
Registered voters / turnout								525,795	82.05%	11.75

Seats and popular vote by party of major influence

Party		Seats	Votes	Change (pp)
	Liberal [a 1]	51 / 94	47.29%	6.30		6.3
	Conservative [a 1]	42 / 94	47.69%	19.88		19.88
	Patrons of Industry	0 / 94	0.00%	-17.61
	Protestant Protective Association [a 2]	0 / 94	0.00%	-11.09
	Other	1 / 94	5.02%	2.52		2.52

1. Straight party support only. Other MLAs sponsored by Patrons of Industry, PPA or Equal Rights Party are allocated to the latter, to show extent of influence.
2. Associated with the Orange Order.

Synopsis of results

Results by riding - 1898 Ontario general election ^[1]

Riding [a 1]	Winning party								Turnout	Votes
Name [a 2]	1894		Party		Votes	Share	Margin #	Margin %		Lib	Con	I-Con	Lab	Ind	Total
Addington		Con		Con	1,901	54.30%	301	8.60%	74.61%	1,600	1,901	–	–	–	3,501
Algoma East		Lib		Lib	2,833	52.55%	275	5.10%	45.93%	2,833	2,558	–	–	–	5,391
Algoma West		Con		Lib	1,723	54.61%	291	9.22%	51.55%	1,723	1,432	–	–	–	3,155
Brant North		Lib		Lib	1,167	52.28%	102	4.57%	83.53%	1,167	1,065	–	–	–	2,232
Brant South		Lib		Lib	3,038	54.75%	527	9.50%	84.72%	3,038	2,511	–	–	–	5,549
Brockville		Lib		Lib	2,232	52.20%	188	4.40%	78.96%	2,232	2,044	–	–	–	4,276
Bruce Centre		L-PI		Lib	1,850	53.38%	234	6.75%	68.35%	1,850	–	–	–	1,616	3,466
Bruce North		L-PP		Lib	2,464	52.84%	265	5.68%	82.09%	2,464	2,199	–	–	–	4,663
Bruce South		Lib		Lib	acclaimed
Cardwell		C-PI		Con	2,267	55.63%	459	11.26%	70.72%	1,808	2,267	–	–	–	4,075
Carleton		C-PI		I-Con	1,740	63.64%	746	27.29%	55.38%	994	–	1,740	–	–	2,734
Dufferin		PI		Con	2,660	55.99%	569	11.98%	65.78%	–	2,660	–	–	2,091	4,751
Dundas		Con		Con	2,354	51.37%	126	2.75%	86.40%	2,228	2,354	–	–	–	4,582
Durham East		Con		Con	1,949	54.26%	306	8.52%	77.55%	1,643	1,949	–	–	–	3,592
Durham West		C-PP		Con	1,825	51.69%	119	3.37%	90.22%	1,706	1,825	–	–	–	3,531
Elgin East		Con		Con	2,267	50.32%	29	0.64%	82.75%	2,238	2,267	–	–	–	4,505
Elgin West		L-PI		Con	3,101	50.01%	1	0.02%	78.62%	3,100	3,101	–	–	–	6,201
Essex North		Lib		Lib	2,683	50.15%	95	1.78%	64.37%	2,683	2,588	–	–	79	5,350
Essex South		Lib		Lib	3,138	56.05%	677	12.09%	84.07%	3,138	2,461	–	–	–	5,599
Frontenac		L-PI		Con	1,936	53.73%	269	7.47%	75.44%	–	1,936	–	–	1,667	3,603
Glengarry		L-PI		Con	1,905	47.35%	466	11.58%	73.81%	679	1,905	–	–	1,439	4,023
Grenville		Con		Con	2,361	57.43%	611	14.86%	68.35%	1,750	2,361	–	–	–	4,111
Grey Centre		PPA		Con	2,813	58.58%	1,091	22.72%	73.97%	1,722	2,813	–	–	267	4,802
Grey North		Lib		Con	2,707	51.30%	137	2.60%	76.33%	2,570	2,707	–	–	–	5,277
Grey South		PI		Con	2,249	47.35%	532	11.20%	75.47%	1,717	2,249	–	–	784	4,750
Haldimand		Con		Lib	1,957	51.34%	102	2.68%	85.14%	1,957	1,855	–	–	–	3,812
Halton		Con		Lib	2,531	51.25%	123	2.49%	84.73%	2,531	2,408	–	–	–	4,939
Hamilton East		Lib		Con	3,247	57.84%	880	15.68%	82.88%	2,367	3,247	–	–	–	5,614
Hamilton West		Lib		Con	2,752	52.66%	278	5.32%	82.51%	2,474	2,752	–	–	–	5,226
Hastings East		L-PI		Lib	2,011	51.64%	128	3.29%	83.94%	2,011	1,883	–	–	–	3,894
Hastings North		PI		Con	2,374	52.80%	252	5.60%	99.91%	2,122	2,374	–	–	–	4,496
Hastings West		Lib		Con	1,985	52.67%	201	5.33%	67.44%	1,784	1,985	–	–	–	3,769
Huron East		Lib		Lib	2,417	55.74%	498	11.49%	74.69%	2,417	1,919	–	–	–	4,336
Huron South		Lib		Con	2,775	51.47%	159	2.95%	86.14%	2,616	2,775	–	–	–	5,391
Huron West		Lib		Lib	2,465	50.01%	1	0.02%	73.71%	2,465	2,464	–	–	–	4,929
Kent East		Lib		Lib	2,869	55.32%	552	10.64%	68.47%	2,869	2,317	–	–	–	5,186
Kent West		L-PI		Lib	3,689	51.99%	283	3.99%	78.63%	3,689	3,406	–	–	–	7,095
Kingston		Con		Lib	2,125	53.66%	290	7.32%	84.35%	2,125	1,835	–	–	–	3,960
Lambton East		IC-PP		Lib	2,361	49.21%	40	0.83%	78.40%	2,361	116	–	–	2,321	4,798
Lambton West		C-PP		Lib	3,600	53.73%	500	7.46%	68.13%	3,600	3,100	–	–	–	6,700
Lanark North		Con		Lib	1,989	52.38%	181	4.77%	82.92%	1,989	1,808	–	–	–	3,797
Lanark South		Con		Con	2,195	61.09%	797	22.18%	67.71%	1,398	2,195	–	–	–	3,593
Leeds		Con		Con	2,200	55.81%	458	11.62%	67.37%	1,742	2,200	–	–	–	3,942
Lennox		Con		Lib	1,677	50.65%	43	1.30%	78.74%	1,677	1,634	–	–	–	3,311
Lincoln		Con		Con	2,974	53.15%	353	6.31%	83.14%	–	5,595	–	–	–	5,595
London		Con		Lib	3,994	50.75%	301	3.82%	85.94%	3,994	3,693	–	57	126	7,870
Middlesex East		L-PP		Con	2,463	50.98%	95	1.97%	77.57%	2,368	2,463	–	–	–	4,831
Middlesex North		L-PI		Lib	2,195	51.07%	92	2.14%	79.80%	2,195	2,103	–	–	–	4,298
Middlesex West		Lib		Lib	2,262	51.73%	151	3.45%	84.79%	2,262	2,111	–	–	–	4,373
Monck		Lib		Lib	1,985	54.50%	328	9.01%	84.46%	1,985	1,657	–	–	–	3,642
Muskoka		C-PP		Lib	1,938	50.97%	74	1.95%	70.35%	1,938	1,864	–	–	–	3,802
Nipissing		Lib		Lib	1,590	50.98%	61	1.96%	97.47%	1,590	1,529	–	–	–	3,119
Norfolk North		Lib		Lib	1,885	53.55%	250	7.10%	81.09%	1,885	1,635	–	–	–	3,520
Norfolk South		Lib		Lib	1,723	50.50%	34	1.00%	84.02%	1,723	1,689	–	–	–	3,412
Northumberland East		Con		Lib	2,814	53.95%	412	7.90%	83.44%	2,814	2,402	–	–	–	5,216
Northumberland West		Lib		Lib	1,654	52.11%	134	4.22%	84.95%	1,654	1,520	–	–	–	3,174
Ontario North		Lib		Con	2,326	55.11%	431	10.21%	95.93%	1,895	2,326	–	–	–	4,221
Ontario South		Lib		Con	2,781	50.88%	96	1.76%	97.89%	2,685	2,781	–	–	–	5,466
Oxford North		Lib		Lib	2,838	53.99%	1,023	19.46%	76.32%	2,838	604	–	–	1,815	5,257
Oxford South		Lib		Lib	2,343	58.40%	674	16.80%	62.53%	2,343	1,669	–	–	–	4,012
Parry Sound		L-PI		Lib	2,332	65.52%	1,105	31.05%	90.05%	2,332	–	–	–	1,227	3,559
Peel		Lib		Lib	2,343	53.32%	292	6.65%	81.10%	2,343	2,051	–	–	–	4,394
Perth North		Con		Lib	3,396	51.21%	160	2.41%	87.03%	3,396	3,236	–	–	–	6,632
Perth South		L-PI		Lib	2,357	49.12%	4	0.08%	82.08%	2,357	2,353	–	–	88	4,798
Peterborough East		Lib		Lib	1,771	53.25%	216	6.49%	70.55%	1,771	1,555	–	–	–	3,326
Peterborough West		Lib		Lib	2,742	61.14%	999	22.27%	82.06%	2,742	1,743	–	–	–	4,485
Prescott		Lib		Lib	acclaimed
Prince Edward		L-PI		Con	2,387	53.96%	357	8.07%	78.17%	7	2,387	–	–	2,030	4,424
Renfrew North		Lib		Con	2,321	51.70%	153	3.41%	82.63%	2,168	2,321	–	–	–	4,489
Renfrew South		Lib		Lib	2,455	55.21%	1,441	32.40%	72.25%	2,455	978	–	–	1,014	4,447
Russell		Lib		Lib	2,738	58.26%	776	16.51%	70.52%	2,738	1,962	–	–	–	4,700
Simcoe Centre		Lib		Con	1,761	43.65%	57	1.41%	77.32%	1,704	1,761	–	–	569	4,034
Simcoe East		Con		Con	2,593	50.67%	69	1.35%	99.96%	2,524	2,593	–	–	–	5,117
Simcoe West		L-PI		Con	2,015	56.05%	435	12.10%	65.83%	1,580	2,015	–	–	–	3,595
Stormont		L-PI		Con	2,125	43.16%	182	3.70%	71.01%	1,943	2,125	–	–	855	4,923
Toronto East		C-PP		Con	3,103	67.78%	1,628	35.56%	67.37%	1,475	3,103	–	–	–	4,578
Toronto North		Con		Con	3,513	50.24%	34	0.49%	97.76%	3,479	3,513	–	–	–	6,992
Toronto South		Con		Con	4,464	52.38%	405	4.75%	67.83%	4,059	4,464	–	–	–	8,523
Toronto West		Con		Con	3,698	55.73%	760	11.45%	95.31%	2,938	3,698	–	–	–	6,636
Victoria East		Con		Con	2,289	55.29%	438	10.58%	69.88%	1,851	2,289	–	–	–	4,140
Victoria West		Lib		Con	2,163	50.82%	70	1.64%	74.02%	2,093	2,163	–	–	–	4,256
Waterloo North		Lib		Con	2,701	50.61%	65	1.22%	75.18%	2,636	2,701	–	–	–	5,337
Waterloo South		Lib		Con	2,532	51.10%	109	2.20%	75.81%	2,423	2,532	–	–	–	4,955
Welland		Lib		Lib	3,125	56.11%	681	12.23%	92.26%	3,125	2,444	–	–	–	5,569
Wellington East		Lib		Lib	1,476	36.85%	188	4.69%	75.97%	1,476	1,241	–	–	1,288	4,005
Wellington South		Lib		Lib	2,341	49.88%	396	8.44%	90.53%	2,341	1,945	–	–	407	4,693
Wellington West		C-PP		Con	1,912	53.18%	229	6.37%	76.73%	1,683	1,912	–	–	–	3,595
Wentworth North		Lib		Con	1,700	55.43%	333	10.86%	79.58%	1,367	1,700	–	–	–	3,067
Wentworth South		Lib		Lib	1,649	52.78%	174	5.57%	83.62%	1,649	1,475	–	–	–	3,124
York East		Lib		Lib	2,091	55.63%	423	11.25%	69.47%	2,091	1,668	–	–	–	3,759
York North		Lib		Lib	2,543	55.08%	469	10.16%	80.61%	2,543	2,074	–	–	–	4,617
York West		Con		Lib	2,465	50.36%	35	0.72%	83.12%	2,465	2,430	–	–	–	4,895

1. excluding Ottawa, a multi-member constituency
2. order is as given in EO reports

  = open seat

  = turnout is above provincial average

  = winning candidate was in previous Legislature

  = incumbent had switched allegiance

  = previously incumbent in another riding

  = not incumbent; was previously elected to the Legislature

  = incumbency arose from byelection gain

  = incumbency arose from prior election result being overturned by the court

  = other incumbents renominated

  = previously an MP in the House of Commons of Canada

  = multiple candidates

^[1]

Results for Ottawa (2 seats)

Political party		Candidate	Votes	%	Elected	Incumbent
	Liberal	Alexander Lumsden	4,793	26.86	Y
	Conservative	Charles Berkeley Powell	4,548	25.49	Y
	Liberal	George O. O'Keefe	4,539	25.44	N	Y
	Conservative	B. Slattery	3,964	22.21
Majority [a 1]			9	0.05

1. plurality for second winning candidate

Analysis

Party candidates in 2nd place ^{[1] [a 1]}

Party in 1st place		Party in 2nd place				Total
		Accl	Lib	Con	Ind
	Liberal	2		42	6	50
	Conservative		36	1	4	41
	Independent Conservative		1			1
Total		2	37	43	10	92

1. excluding Ottawa seats

Candidates ranked 1st to 4th place, by party ^[1]

Parties	Accl	1st	2nd	3rd	4th
█  Liberal	2	49	37	3
█  Conservative		41	44	4	1
█ Independent Conservative		1
█  Independent			10	8
█  Labour					1

Resulting composition of the 2nd Legislative Assembly of Ontario ^[1]

Source		Party
		Lib	Con	I-Con	Total
Seats retained	Incumbents returned	22	10		32
	Returned by acclamation	2			2
	Open seats held	6	3		9
Seats changing hands	Incumbents defeated	10	15		25
	Open seats gained	5	10		15
	Byelection gains held	2	1		3
	Incumbent changed allegiance	3	2	1	6
Ottawa seats	New MLAs	1	1
Total		51	42	1	94

MLAs elected by region and riding

Party designations are as follows:

  Liberal

  Conservative

  Independent Conservative

Northern Ontario    Algoma East : Charles Franklin Farwell    Algoma West : James Conmee    Nipissing : John Loughrin [lower-alpha 1] Ottawa Valley    Carleton : George Nelson Kidd    Lanark North : William Clyde Caldwell    Lanark South : Arthur James Matheson    Ottawa : Alexander Lumsden    Ottawa : Charles Berkeley Powell    Prescott : Alfred Évanturel    Renfrew North : Andrew Thomas White    Renfrew South : Robert Adam Campbell    Russell : Onésime Guibord Saint Lawrence Valley    Brockville : George Perry Graham    Dundas : James Pliny Whitney    Glengarry : Donald Robert McDonald    Grenville : Robert L. Joynt    Kingston : William Harty    Leeds : Walter Beatty    Stormont : John McLaughlin Central Ontario    Addington : James Reid    Durham East : William Armstrong Fallis    Durham West : William Henry Reid    Frontenac : John S. Gallagher    Hastings East : Samuel Russell    Hastings North : William John Allen [lower-alpha 2]    Hastings West : Marshall Bidwell Morrison    Lennox : Bowen Ebenezer Aylsworth [lower-alpha 3]    Northumberland East : John Henry Douglas [lower-alpha 4]    Northumberland West : Samuel Clarke    Peterborough East : Thomas Blezard    Peterborough West : James Robert Stratton    Prince Edward : William Ryerson Dempsey    Victoria East : John Hilliard Carnegie    Victoria West : Samuel John Fox

Georgian Bay    Bruce North : Charles Martin Bowman    Grey North : George Milward Boyd    Muskoka : Samuel Bridgeland    Parry Sound : William Rabb Beatty    Simcoe Centre : Alfred Burke Thompson    Simcoe East : Andrew Miscampbell    Simcoe West : James Stoddart Duff Wentworth/Halton/Niagara    Halton : John Roaf Barber [lower-alpha 5]    Hamilton East : Henry Carscallen    Hamilton West : Edward Alexander Colquhoun    Lincoln : Elisha Jessop    Monck : Richard Harcourt    Welland : William Manley German    Wentworth North : Thomas Atkins Wardell    Wentworth South : John Dickenson Midwestern Ontario    Brant North : Daniel Burt    Brant South : Arthur Sturgis Hardy    Bruce Centre : Andrew Malcolm    Bruce South : Reuben Eldridge Truax    Dufferin : John Barr    Grey Centre : Isaac Benson Lucas    Grey South : David Jamieson    Haldimand : Joseph William Holmes    Huron East : Archibald Hislop    Huron South : Henry Eilber    Huron West : James Thompson Garrow [lower-alpha 6]    Norfolk North : Edwin Clarendon Carpenter    Norfolk South : William Andrew Charlton    Oxford North : Andrew Pattulo    Oxford South : Angus McKay    Perth North : John Brown    Perth South : William Caven Moscrip [lower-alpha 7]    Waterloo North : Henry George Lackner [lower-alpha 8]    Waterloo South : William Abram Kribs    Wellington East : John Craig    Wellington South : John Mutrie    Wellington West : James Tucker

Southwestern Ontario    Elgin East : Charles Andrew Brower [lower-alpha 9]    Elgin West : Findlay George MacDiarmid [lower-alpha 10]    Essex North : William J. McKee    Essex South : John Allan Auld    Kent East : Robert Ferguson    Kent West : Thomas Letson Pardo    Lambton East : Henry John Pettypiece    Lambton West : Frederick Forsyth Pardee    London : Francis Baxter Leys    Middlesex East : Thomas D. Hodgins    Middlesex North : William Taylor    Middlesex West : George William Ross Peel/York/Ontario    Cardwell : Edward Alfred Little    Ontario North : William Henry Hoyle    Ontario South : Charles Calder [lower-alpha 11]    Peel : John Smith    Toronto East : Robert Allan Pyne    Toronto North : George Frederick Marter    Toronto South : J.J. Foy    Toronto West : Thomas Crawford    York East : John Richardson    York North : Elihu James Davis    York West : William James Hill

Seats that changed hands

Elections to the 9th Parliament of Ontario – seats won/lost by party, 1894–1898

Party		1894	Gain from (loss to)																				1898
			Lib		Con		Ind-C		Lib-P		C-PPA		POI		Con-P		L-PPA		PPA		ICP
	Liberal	45			10	(14)			6		2						1				1		51
	Conservative	23	14	(10)					6		3		3		1		1		1				42
	Independent-Conservative	–													1								1
	Liberal-Patrons	12		(6)		(6)																	–
	Conservative–P.P.A.	5		(2)		(3)																	–
	Patrons of Industry	3				(3)																	–
	Conservative-Patrons	2				(1)		(1)															–
	Liberal-P.P.A.	2		(1)		(1)																	–
	Protestant Protective Association	1				(1)																	–
	Independent-Conservative-PPA	1		(1)																			–
Total		94	14	(20)	10	(29)	–	(1)	12	–	5	–	3	–	2	–	2	–	1	–	1	–	94

There were 50 seats that changed allegiance in the election:

Conservative to Liberal Algoma West Haldimand Halton Kingston Lanark North Lennox London Northumberland East Perth North York West Liberal/Patrons of Industry to Liberal Bruce Centre Hastings East Kent West Middlesex North Parry Sound Perth South Conservative/PPA to Liberal Lambton West Muskoka Liberal/PPA to Liberal Bruce North Independent-Conservative/PPA to Liberal Lambton East

Liberal to Conservative Grey North Hamilton East Hamilton West Hastings West Huron South Ontario North Ontario South Ottawa (1 MLA) Renfrew North Simcoe Centre Victoria West Waterloo North Waterloo South Wentworth North Liberal/Patrons of Industry to Conservative Elgin West Frontenac Glengarry Prince Edward Simcoe West Stormont Conservative/PPA to Conservative Durham West Toronto East Wellington West Patrons of Industry to Conservative Dufferin Grey South Hastings North Conservative/Patrons of Industry to Conservative Cardwell Liberal/PPA to Conservative Middlesex East PPA to Conservative Grey Centre Conservative/Patrons of Industry to Independent-Conservative Carleton

MLAs changing parties

Six members changed their principal affiliation from the previous election:

Riding	MLA	1894	1898
Kent West	Thomas Letson Pardo	█  Patrons of Industry	█  Liberal
Middlesex North	William Henry Taylor	█  Patrons of Industry	█  Liberal
Parry Sound	William Rabb Beatty	█  Patrons of Industry	█  Liberal
Durham West	William Henry Reid	█ Protestant Protective Association	█  Conservative
Cardwell	Edward Alfred Little	█  Patrons of Industry	█  Conservative
Carleton	George Nelson Kidd	█  Patrons of Industry	█ Independent-Conservative

See also

• Politics of Ontario
• List of Ontario political parties
• Premier of Ontario
• Leader of the Opposition (Ontario)

Notes and references

Notes

1. Election declared void because of corrupt practices. Writ for new election issued. Loughrin was reelected in the subsequent byelection. ^[2]
2. Tendered resignation in exchange for withdrawing election petition. Writ for new election issued. Allen was reelected in the subsequent byelection. ^[2]
3. Election declared void because of corrupt practices. Writ for new election issued. Aylsworth was reelected in the subsequent byelection. ^[2]
4. Election declared void because of corrupt practices. Writ for new election issued. Douglas was reelected in the subsequent byelection. ^[2]
5. Election declared void because of corrupt practices. Writ for new election issued. Barber was reelected in the subsequent byelection. ^[2]
6. Tendered resignation in exchange for withdrawing election petition. Writ for new election issued. Garrow was reelected in the subsequent byelection. ^[2]
7. Election declared void because of corrupt practices. Writ for new election issued. Samuel Nelson Monteith (Conservative) was elected in the subsequent byelection. ^[2]
8. Election declared void because of corrupt practices. Appeal was dismissed. ^[2] Writ for new election issued. Louis Jacob Breithaupt (Liberal) was elected in the subsequent byelection. ^[3]
9. Court ruling dismissing original election petion was overturned on appeal. Writ for election issued. Brower was reelected in the subsequent byelection. ^[3]
10. Election declared void because of corrupt practices. Writ for new election issued. Donald Macnish (Liberal) was elected in the subsequent byelection. ^[2] Byelection declared void, and MacDiarmid returned in a later byelection. ^[3]
11. Election declared void because of corrupt practices. Writ for new election issued. John Dryden (Liberal) was elected in the subsequent byelection. ^[2]

References

1. "1898 General Election". Elections Ontario. Elections Ontario. Retrieved January 3, 2021.
2. Journals of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Ontario. Vol. XXXIII. Toronto: Legislative Assembly of Ontario. 1899. pp. 4, 61–64, 75, 185–186, 210.
3. Journals of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Ontario. Vol. XXXIV. Toronto: Legislative Assembly of Ontario. 1900. pp. 9–15.