1926 Ontario general election

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1926 Ontario general election
Flag of Ontario.svg
  1923 December 1, 1926 1929  

112 seats in the 17th Legislative Assembly of Ontario
57 seats were needed for a majority
 First partySecond party
  Howard Ferguson.jpg LIB
Leader George Howard Ferguson W.E.N. Sinclair
Party Conservative Liberal
Leader since December 2, 1920 1923
Leader's seat Grenville Ontario South
Last election7514
Seats won7214
Seat changeDecrease2.svg3Steady2.svg
Percentage57.6%17.2%
SwingIncrease2.svg7.8pp Decrease2.svg4.1pp

 Third partyFourth party
  WilliamEdgarRaney.jpg UFO
Leader William Raney Leslie Oke
Party Progressive United Farmers
Leader sinceJanuary 1925-
Leader's seat Prince Edward Lambton East
Last electionsplit from UFO17
Seats won103
Seat changeIncrease2.svg10Decrease2.svg14
Percentage6.3%1.3%
SwingDecrease2.svg19.8pp

Premier before election

G. Howard Ferguson
Conservative

Premier after election

G. Howard Ferguson
Conservative

The 1926 Ontario general election was the 17th general election held in the Province of Ontario, Canada. It was held on December 1, 1926, to elect the 112 Members of the 17th Legislative Assembly of Ontario ("MLAs"). [1]

Contents

Campaign

The United Farmers of Ontario decided to withdraw from electoral politics after having been defeated in the 1923 election, and most of its MPPs redesignated themselves as Progressives with former UFO Attorney-General William Edgar Raney becoming party leader. Nevertheless, several MPPs, including Raney himself, continued to run as candidates endorsed by local UFO associations.

Leslie Oke and Beniah Bowman were opposed to Raney's leadership as he was not a farmer. They were also opposed to the creation of a new Progressive Party which would not focus exclusively on farmers' issues, so they chose to remain as UFO MPPs. Bowman later resigned from the legislature before the election.

The Ontario Conservative Party, led by Howard Ferguson, was re-elected for a second term in government. There were several disputes in the selection of candidates: in Port Arthur, Donald Hogarth was one of two Conservative candidatesthe other being the incumbent Francis Keefer who were selected in parallel meetings arising from a dispute over the validity of the list of delegates. [2]

The principal issue of the campaign was the government's proposal to repeal the Ontario Temperance Act , replacing prohibition with government control of liquor sales. The Daily British Whig described it as "the greatest issue that has ever been placed before [the voters]". [3] The Liberal and Progressive parties both campaigned against repeal, and one of Ferguson's ministers, William Folger Nickle, resigned from the cabinet and ran for re-election against the government as a Prohibitionist candidate. Raney proposed that the Progressives and Liberals work in concert to support a single dry ticket in certain ridings, which led to the nomination of 27 Prohibitionist candidates. [3] In other ridings, the two parties tended to avoid campaigning against each other, in order to minimize the split of the temperance vote. [4]

The Conservatives fielded candidates in all but two ridings, and three of them were returned by acclamation. In 54 two-way contests, the Liberals declined to field a candidate in favour of an ally considered more likely to gain votes. There were only 15 three-cornered races, one four-way and one five-way battles.

Riding contests, by number of candidates (1926)
CandidatesConLibProgL-PUFOLabI-ConI-LibInd-ProgProhLLL-ProhLLPTotal
133
2903813103211120131184
3178313615145
411114
511215
Total1124816104377227231241

Several Liberals, protesting their party's temperance stand, chose to stand as Independent-Liberals. [3]

Outcome

The Ontario Liberal Party, led by W.E.N. Sinclair, obtained 13 seats, while the Progressives won 10. Five Liberal-Progressive candidates were also elected, along with several independents. The selection of Liberal-Progressive candidates was complex in some cases: in Victoria North, William Newman was selected by the Progressives, while W.G. Carley was the Liberal nominee. Newman was named as the L-P candidate in a joint meeting of the local parties. [5] [lower-alpha 1]

Oke was the only UFO MPP who was re-elected as such, and he was joined by Thomas Farquhar from Manitoulin and Farquhar Oliver from Grey South. The latter won with the assistance of federal MP Agnes MacPhail.

Karl Homuth of Waterloo South was the only Labour MPP returned. His support of the government (and eventual admission to the Conservative caucus after the election) led to Labour's collapse as a party. [4]

The fracture of the UFO, together with a large number of resignations from MPPs (of which five chose to run federally in 1925, and two more in 1926) significantly changed the composition of the Assembly.

Post-election scandals

After the election, the Toronto Star reported accusations of corrupt payments during the campaign: [7]

  • In Bruce South, the Liberal candidate (and former MLA in 1911-1914) J.G. Anderson consented to withdraw his nomination upon being paid $1,250 by the Prohibition Union to cover expenses related to the election.
  • In Kent East, the former Progressive Candidate W.J.Cryderman stated that an unnamed Liberal had offered him $500 cash plus a Dominion government position if he withdrew his nomination.
  • In Perth South, the Progressive candidate W.A. McKenzie was twice offered payments by the Prohibition Union if he withdrew his nomination. He did withdraw, but returned both cheques because of their blatant illegality.

The election in Bruce South was later declared void in June 1927. [8]

Pre-election timeline

Changes in seats held (1923–1926)
SeatBeforeChange
DateMemberPartyReasonDateMemberParty
Lennox August 23, 1923 John Perry Vrooman   Liberal Died in officeOctober 22, 1923 Charles Wesley Hambly   Conservative
Toronto Northwest - AMay 15, 1924 Thomas Crawford   Conservative Accepted provincial appointmentJuly 7, 1924 William Henry Edwards   Conservative
Simcoe South April 14, 1925 William Earl Rowe   Conservative Resigned to run in 1925 federal election Vacant
Kenora April 14, 1925 Peter Heenan   Labour Resigned to run in 1925 federal election Vacant
Cochrane April 14, 1925 Malcolm Lang   Liberal Resigned to run in 1925 federal election Vacant
Norfolk North April 14, 1925 George David Sewell  ProgressiveResigned to run in 1925 federal election Vacant
Grey Centre April 14, 1925 Dougall Carmichael  ProgressiveResigned to run in 1925 federal election Vacant
Kent East April 14, 1925 Manning William Doherty  ProgressiveResigned seat to promote cooperative movement Vacant
London August 15, 1925 Adam Beck   Conservative Died in office Vacant
Middlesex East April 8, 1926 John Willard Freeborn  ProgressiveResigned to run in 1926 federal election Vacant
Manitoulin April 8, 1926 Beniah Bowman   United Farmers Resigned to run in 1926 federal election Vacant
Kent West October 11, 1926 Robert Livingstone Brackin   Liberal Died in office Vacant

Redistribution of seats

Toronto ridings, as constituted in 1914 1914TorontoRidings.jpg
Toronto ridings, as constituted in 1914
Toronto ridings as reconstituted in 1926 Toronto Provincial Ridings 1926a.pdf
Toronto ridings as reconstituted in 1926

A 1925 Act provided for the redistribution of the Legislative Assembly into 112 ridings for the election. [9]

The dual-member ridings in the City of Toronto, in effect since the 1914 election, were abolished and replaced by single-member seats:

Abolished ridingsNew ridings
Split between St. David, St. George and Riverdale
  1. Also absorbed parts of York East and York West.
  2. Originally named Sherbourne in the 1925 Act; subsequently renamed in the 1926 Act.

Beaches was drawn out from York East, and High Park from York West.

There were other changes made to ridings elsewhere in the Province:

A further Act in 1926 merged Simcoe South and Simcoe West into Simcoe Southwest, and divided Cochrane into Cochrane North and Cochrane South. [10]

Raney complained that the net effect of the redistribution was to transfer up to 11 seats from rural to urban voters, and thus "to secure the re-election of the Ferguson Government". [11]

Results

Elections to the 17th Parliament of Ontario (1926)
Political partyParty leaderMPPsVotes
Candidates 1923 Dissol. 1926±#%± (pp)
Conservative Howard Ferguson 1127574732Decrease2.svg640,51555.87%6.10Increase2.svg
Liberal W.E.N. Sinclair 481411131Decrease2.svg196,81317.17%4.16Decrease2.svg
Progressive William Raney 16111010Increase2.svg72,2776.30%Split from UFO
Liberal–Progressive 1055Increase2.svg48,6194.24%New
United Farmers Leslie Oke 3171314Decrease2.svg15,4171.34%19.60Decrease2.svg
Labour 34313Decrease2.svg14,7941.29%3.46Decrease2.svg
Independent 111Decrease2.svgDid not campaign
Independent Liberal7144Increase2.svg21,0021.83%New
Independent Conservative711Increase2.svg20,1441.76%New
 Liberal-Prohibitionist311Increase2.svg11,5261.01%New
Independent Progressive211Increase2.svg6,0290.51%New
Prohibitionist2792,4358.06%New
 Liberal-Labour24,6330.40%New
 Liberal-Labour-Prohibitionist12,2980.20%New
Vacant10
Total2411111111121,146,502100.00%
Blank and invalid ballots6,785
Registered voters / turnout1,792,75763.95%5.61Increase2.svg
Seats and popular vote by party
PartySeatsVotesChange (pp)
  Conservative
73 / 112
55.87%
6.106.1
 
  Liberal
13 / 112
17.17%
-4.16
 
 Progressive
10 / 112
6.30%
6.306.3
 
  Liberal–Progressive
5 / 112
4.24%
4.244.24
 
  United Farmers
3 / 112
1.34%
-19.60
 
  Labour
1 / 112
1.29%
-3.47
 
 Other
7 / 112
5.73%
2.532.53
 
 Prohibitionist
0 / 112
8.06%
8.068.06
 

Synopsis of results

Results by riding - 1926 Ontario general election [12] [a 1] [a 2]
RidingWinning partyTurnout
[a 3]
Votes
#NamePartyVotesShareMargin
#
Margin
%
ConLibProhProgL-ProgUFOLabourI-LibI-ConI-ProgL-ProhLLLLPTotal
 
001 Addington Conacclaimed
002 Algoma Con3,55461.50%1,32923.00%54.94%3,5542,2255,779
003 Brant County Prog4,11455.70%84211.40%70.74%3,2724,1147,386
004 Brantford Con7,75155.73%1,59511.47%71.11%7,7516,15613,907
005 Brockville Con4,88160.69%1,72021.39%71.92%4,8813,1618,042
006 Bruce North Lib3,60138.39%6637.07%69.63%2,9383,6012,8409,379
007 Bruce South Prog4,92250.66%1281.32%72.30%4,7944,9229,716
008 Carleton Con4,53060.18%1,53320.37%61.02%4,5302,9977,527
009 Cochrane North Con2,88654.35%4628.70%56.22%2,8862,4245,310
010 Cochrane South Con5,12468.17%2,73236.35%38.49%5,1242,3927,516
011 Dufferin Prog4,47858.87%1,34917.73%73.73%3,1294,4787,607
012 Dundas L-Proh4,40755.22%83310.44%76.76%3,5744,4077,981
013 Durham Lib6,63955.27%1,26710.55%73.87%5,3726,63912,011
014 Elgin East Lib4,12255.51%81811.02%71.48%3,3044,1227,426
015 Elgin West Con6,81852.52%6555.05%65.80%6,8186,16312,981
016 Essex North Conacclaimed
017 Essex South Lib4,56051.20%2132.39%65.34%4,3474,5608,907
018 Fort William Con5,28676.10%3,62652.20%50.56%5,2861,6606,946
019 Frontenac—Lennox Lib4,62553.24%5636.48%66.49%4,0624,6258,687
020 Glengarry Con4,44263.17%1,85226.34%63.81%4,4422,5907,032
021 Grenville Con4,61758.02%1,27716.05%75.71%4,6173,3407,957
022 Grey North Prog8,42363.95%3,67427.89%67.85%4,7498,42313,172
023 Grey South UFO7,10054.45%1,1608.90%72.16%5,9407,10013,040
024 Haldimand Lib5,21253.97%7677.94%73.29%4,4455,2129,657
025 Halton Con6,16451.53%3653.05%73.34%6,1645,79911,963
026 Hamilton Centre Con9,78475.90%7,09455.03%62.30%9,7842,69041612,890
027 Hamilton East Con10,17469.07%5,61738.13%64.76%10,1744,55714,731
028 Hamilton West Con8,43673.48%5,39246.97%65.73%8,4363,04411,480
029 Hastings East Con3,98362.68%1,61225.37%67.43%3,9832,3716,354
030 Hastings North Con4,00867.23%2,05434.45%60.92%4,0081,9545,962
031 Hastings West Con6,27361.96%2,42123.91%70.54%6,2733,85210,125
032 Huron North Lib6,38658.97%1,94217.93%73.57%4,4446,38610,830
033 Huron South Prog6,00357.93%1,64415.87%72.86%4,3596,00310,362
034 Kent East Prog4,56251.67%1,25214.18%73.73%3,3109574,5628,829
035 Kent West Con8,44357.24%2,13514.47%64.22%8,4436,30814,751
036 Kenora Con2,64152.30%4007.92%52.13%2,6411682,2415,050
037 Kingston Con6,70560.45%2,31920.91%76.05%6,7054,38611,091
038 Lambton East UFO6,07557.88%1,65415.76%68.57%4,4216,07510,496
039 Lambton West Con7,09260.72%2,50421.44%68.73%7,0924,58811,680
040 Lanark North Con3,58951.70%2363.40%70.61%3,5893,3536,942
041 Lanark South Con3,87056.77%92313.54%62.49%3,8702,9476,817
042 Leeds Con3,70251.48%2132.96%69.36%3,7023,4897,191
043 Lincoln Prog4,34856.37%98312.74%65.45%3,3654,3487,713
044 London North Con7,76361.83%2,97023.65%60.55%7,7634,79312,556
045 London South Con9,06463.17%3,77926.34%69.15%9,0645,28514,349
046 Manitoulin UFO2,24251.13%992.26%65.26%2,1432,2424,385
047 Middlesex North I-Prog5,86156.04%1,26412.09%73.06%4,5975,86110,458
048 Middlesex West Prog5,72363.36%2,41326.71%66.94%3,3105,7239,033
049 Muskoka Con4,20657.83%1,13915.66%65.47%4,2063,0677,273
050 Niagara Falls Con7,90068.58%4,28137.16%52.80%7,9003,61911,519
051 Nipissing Con5,21561.09%3,41439.99%55.81%5,2151,5211,8018,537
052 Norfolk Con7,42154.64%1,2609.28%79.24%7,4216,16113,582
053 Northumberland Lib7,61253.46%9856.92%72.27%6,6277,61214,239
054 Ontario North Prog3,87855.58%77911.17%75.02%3,0993,8786,977
055 Ontario South Lib8,90157.30%2,26814.60%72.73%6,6338,90115,534
056 Ottawa East I-Lib5,19543.86%4183.53%53.60%4,7775,1951,87211,844
057 Ottawa North Con9,04267.59%4,70735.19%43.91%9,0424,33513,377
058 Ottawa South Con9,17162.27%3,61524.55%56.95%9,1715,55614,727
059 Oxford North L-Prog6,01258.88%1,81317.76%68.51%4,1996,01210,211
060 Oxford South L-Prog5,79356.97%1,41813.95%73.59%4,3755,79310,168
061 Parry Sound Con4,62860.85%1,65021.69%57.33%4,6282,9787,606
062 Peel Con6,19351.50%3613.00%68.46%6,1935,83212,025
063 Perth North Con7,35055.97%1,56811.94%61.23%7,3505,78213,132
064 Perth South Lib4,17653.14%4946.29%70.66%3,6824,1767,858
065 Peterborough City Con6,39657.33%1,63614.66%72.87%6,3964,76011,156
066 Peterborough County Lib3,26154.57%5469.14%67.35%2,7153,2615,976
067 Port Arthur Con2,68338.31%1722.46%60.40%5,194 [a 4] 1,8107,004
068 Prescott I-Lib2,85535.56%240.30%66.17%5,173 [a 4] 2,8558,028
069 Prince Edward Prog4,37850.28%490.56%80.46%4,3294,3788,707
070 Rainy River Con2,23048.18%77716.79%55.89%2,2301,4539454,628
071 Renfrew North Con5,00059.74%1,63019.47%58.40%5,0003,3708,370
072 Renfrew South Con5,20856.92%1,26713.85%63.27%5,2083,9419,149
073 Russell I-Lib5,23142.86%9838.05%66.40%4,2482,7255,23112,204
074 St. Catharines I-Con8,66972.91%5,44845.82%60.51%3,2218,66911,890
075 Sault Ste. Marie Con5,49777.38%3,89054.76%38.96%5,4971,6077,104
076 Simcoe Centre Con5,31550.93%1951.87%70.47%5,3155,12010,435
077 Simcoe East Con7,31255.84%1,53011.68%71.09%7,3125,78213,094
078 Simcoe Southwest L-Prog5,77952.03%4524.07%68.41%5,3275,77911,106
079 Stormont Con7,10165.97%3,43831.94%66.98%7,1013,66310,764
080 Sturgeon Falls I-Lib2,04349.26%1032.48%50.97%1,9401642,0434,147
081 Sudbury Conacclaimed
082 Temiskaming Con4,04863.79%1,75027.58%45.36%4,0482,2986,346
083 Victoria North L-Prog3,20752.26%2774.51%70.03%2,9303,2076,137
084 Victoria South L-Prog4,63253.38%5876.77%74.48%4,0454,6328,677
085 Waterloo North Con9,50069.03%5,23838.06%49.84%9,5004,26213,762
086 Waterloo South Lab9,09362.01%3,52324.03%67.91%5,5709,09314,663
087 Welland Con7,69769.54%4,32539.07%56.34%7,6973,37211,069
088 Wellington Northeast Lib6,60162.24%2,59624.48%71.26%4,0056,60110,606
089 Wellington South Con8,04453.04%9216.07%74.20%8,0447,12315,167
090 Wentworth North Con4,81754.55%8039.09%69.76%4,8174,0148,831
091 Wentworth South Con8,38367.38%4,32434.75%62.85%8,3834,05912,442
092 Windsor East Con9,75083.70%7,85167.40%48.24%9,7501,89911,649
093 Windsor West Con8,74177.79%6,24555.58%47.95%8,7412,49611,237
094 Beaches Con9,59073.08%6,05846.17%64.83%9,5903,53213,122
095 Woodbine Con9,57878.28%6,92056.55%60.61%9,5782,65812,236
096 Greenwood Con9,10178.64%6,62957.28%58.23%9,1012,47211,573
097 Riverdale Con8,83269.12%4,88638.24%61.96%8,8323,94612,778
098 Eglinton Con10,23061.73%3,88723.45%78.03%10,2306,34316,573
099 St. David Con10,94877.68%7,80355.37%62.81%10,9483,14514,093
100 St. George Con7,86556.34%4,88134.97%66.62%7,8657292,9842,381 [a 4] 13,959
101 St. Patrick Con6,33969.64%4,14545.53%65.48%6,3395702,1949,103
102 St. Andrews Con4,53644.00%1,17111.36%67.37%4,5363112,0973,36510,309
103 Bellwoods Con9,45276.79%6,59553.58%62.09%9,4522,85712,309
104 Bracondale Con10,56369.41%7,56049.67%70.33%10,5631,6533,00315,219
105 Dovercourt Con6,23966.93%3,15633.86%62.07%6,2393,0839,322
106 Brockton Con11,24557.40%5,81029.65%61.72%11,2455,4352,91219,592
107 Parkdale Con8,91565.44%4,20730.88%66.23%8,9154,70813,623
108 High Park Con10,46661.13%3,81022.25%76.55%10,4666,65617,122
109 York East Con11,08566.02%5,37932.04%58.74%11,0855,70616,791
110 York North Lib6,00957.49%1,56514.97%75.01%4,4446,00910,453
111 York South Con10,24266.49%5,08032.98%55.36%10,2425,16215,404
112 York West Con9,92762.20%6,81342.69%63.04%9,9272,9193,11415,960
  1. "1926 General Election". elections.on.ca. Elections Ontario . Retrieved August 3, 2023. EO data errors on political affiliations adjusted to conform with Canadian Annual Review listing
  2. Journals of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Ontario. Vol. 62. 1928. pp. 6–10.
  3. including spoilt ballots
  4. 1 2 3 two candidates nominated
  = turnout is above provincial average
  = incumbent switched allegiance for the election
  = not incumbent; previously elected as a UFO MLA
  = not incumbent; previously elected as a Labour MLA
  = not incumbent; previously elected as a Liberal-Temperance MLA
  = petition against election withdrawn
  = petition against election dismissed
  = election declared void

Notable groups of candidates

Candidates returned by acclamation [13]
RidingPartyCandidateReason
Addington   Conservative William David Black Nomination of F.A. Anglin (Prohibitionist) ruled invalid
Essex North   Conservative Paul Poisson E.P. Tellier (Liberal and incumbent MLA) withdrew his nomination
Sudbury   Conservative Charles McCrea Sole nominee
Dual nominations in the 1923 election [12]
RidingCandidateVotesPlaced
Port Arthur   Conservative Donald McDonald Hogarth 2,6831st
Francis Henry Keefer 2,5112nd
Prescott   Conservative Edmund Mooney2,8312nd
Louis Beaudoin2,3423rd
St. George  Independent-ConservativeCecil Armstrong1,6643rd
Edward Owens 7175th

See also

Notes and references

Notes

  1. Newman would later join the Liberal caucus in January 1927, upon being instructed by the Clerk of the Legislature to make a choice as to which leader to sit behind. He had wanted to remain a member of the Liberal-Progressive group. J.H. Mitchell (Simcoe Southwest) joined him in the move, saying that he "has always been a Liberal". [6]

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Leslie Warner Oke was an Ontario farmer and political figure. He represented Lambton East in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1919 to 1929 as a United Farmers member.

John Giles Lethbridge was an Ontario farmer and political figure. He represented Middlesex West in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1919 to 1929 as a United Farmers and then Progressive member.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2011 Ontario general election</span>

The 2011 Ontario general election was held on October 6, 2011, to elect members of the 40th Legislative Assembly of Ontario. The Ontario Liberal Party was elected to a minority government, with the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario serving as the Official Opposition and the Ontario New Democratic Party (NDP) serving as the third party. In the final result, Premier McGuinty's party fell one seat short of winning a majority government.

References

  1. "1926 General Election". Elections Ontario. Retrieved January 3, 2021.
  2. "Two Conservatives Run Same Riding". Oshawa Daily Reformer. November 11, 1926. p. 2.
  3. 1 2 3 Bradburn, Jamie (May 9, 2018). "Booze, bullying, and moral panic: The temperance election of 1926". tvo.org. TV Ontario.
  4. 1 2 Canadian Annual Review 1927, p. 309.
  5. "Fusionist Chosen". Oshawa Daily Reformer. November 1, 1926. p. 8.
  6. "Simcoe Member to back Sinclair". Oshawa Daily Reformer. January 14, 1927. p. 1.
  7. "Election Scandals". The Canadian Champion . Milton. December 9, 1926. p. 2.
  8. Journals of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Ontario. Vol. 62. 1928. pp. 9–10.
  9. The Representation Act, 1925 , S.O. 1925, c. 7
  10. The Representation Act, 1926 , S.O. 1926, c. 2
  11. Canadian Annual Review 1927, p. 306.
  12. 1 2 Canadian Annual Review 1927, pp. 309–312.
  13. Canadian Annual Review 1927, pp. 308–309.

Further reading