1920 Algerian Political Rights Petition

Last updated

1920 Algerian Political Rights Petition
Author
Original titlePétition n°30, Pétition du 18 juillet 1920, Pétition des droits politiques algériens de 1920
Country French Algeria
Language French
Subject
Genre Petition
Published French Senate
Publication date
18 July 1920

The 1920 Algerian Political Rights Petition was the first petition to claim the political rights of Algerians within French Algeria following the 1919 Algerian municipal elections. [1] [2]

Contents

History

Jonnart Law Charles Jonnart 1918.jpg
Jonnart Law

The participation of tens of thousands of Algerian soldiers in the battles of the First World War in France and their decisive intervention in the victory against the Imperial German Army earned them rewards after their return to Algeria. [3]

It is in that way that the Jonnart Law allowed veterans and disabled natives to accede to functions in the colonial administration and to obtain real estate in the cities and in the countryside as a sign of assimilation within the framework of the Indigénat code. [4]

The provisions that followed the endorsement of the law on 4 February 1919 made it possible to produce legal texts specifying the trades allowed to native Algerians with consequent restrictions in the administrative professional hierarchy. [5]

However, the municipal elections of 1919 enabled the political representation of the natives to expand in the municipalities as of right, thus producing a new need for political and union freedoms. [6]

Indeed, the general councilor Khalid ibn Hashim in Algiers, as well as the municipal councilor Mohamed Seghir Boushaki as representative of the elected natives, began to ferment and foment a protest action through French institutions ranging from communes to the French Senate, and even so far as writing to US President Woodrow Wilson (1856–1924). [7]

Petition

Emir Khaled (1875-1936) l'myr khld.jpg
Emir Khaled (1875–1936)

The demand for the political rights of indigenous Algerians after the First World War was concretized by the writing of an official petition dated 18 July 1920 to the French Senate. [8]

This protest document was inspired by the Emir Khaled and made concrete by the many municipal councilors led and represented by Mohamed Seghir Boushaki elected in the full-service municipality of Thénia (formerly Ménerville).

The secretariat of the Senate registered this document under the name of "Petition N°30" having for object the respectful protest of the Algerian indigenous municipal councilors before the Senate against the new provisions of the code of the Indigénat.

Indeed, a bill had been tabled in the Upper House of Parliament by the services of the French Government relating to the modification of the regulations of the regime of the native status in Algeria and the accession of the natives of Algeria to political rights. [9]

Senate debate

It was Senator Charles Cadilhon (1876–1940) who was mandated and appointed by the French Senate to report the discussions and debates of other senators on its content claims, and this during the session of May 19, 1921. [10] [11]

This senator from the Landes then noted in his report that the bill modifying the code of the Indigénat to which the petition related had indeed been adopted and endorsed by the two French parliamentary assemblies. [12]

Indeed, the government project had become the law of 4 August 1920 (French : Loi du 4 août 1920), after its majority adoption by the deputies and senators, and this law was then published after its definitive promulgation in the Journal officiel de la République française on 6 August 1920, starting on page 11287. [13]

At the conclusion of the senatorial debate on "Petition No. 30", the committee, chaired by the rapporteur Charles Cadilhon, finally pronounced negatively on the agenda concerning the extended political rights for the natives, and the refusal and denial was entered in the registers of the Senate. [14]

See also

Bibliography

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Boumerdès Province</span> Province of Algeria

Boumerdès is a province (wilaya) of northern Algeria, located in the Kabylia region, between Algiers and Tizi-Ouzou, with its capital at the coastal city of Boumerdès just east of Algiers.

The Code de l'indigénat, called régime de l'indigénat or simply indigénat by modern French historians, were diverse and fluctuating sets of laws and regulations characterized by arbitrariness which created in practice an inferior legal status for natives of French colonies from 1881 until 1944–1947.

The European Democratic and Social Rally group, formerly the Democratic and European Rally group, is a parliamentary group in the French Senate including representatives of the Radical Party of the Left (PRG) that historically consisted of radicals of both the left and right. Before 1989, the group was known as the Democratic Left group.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Centrist Union group</span>

The Centrist Union is a centrist parliamentary group in the Senate uniting members of the Union of Democrats and Independents (UDI) and Democratic Movement (MoDem), as well as the Centrist Alliance (AC), a former component of the UDI. The group was historically associated with the Popular Republican Movement (MRP) and later the Democratic Centre (CD), Centre of Social Democrats (CDS), and Union for French Democracy (UDF). Most recently, from 2012 to 2017, it was known as the Union of Democrats and Independents – UC group.

The administrative meeting of senators not appearing on the list of any group is the term used since 1976 to refer to the grouping of members of the Senate of France who are not registered as belonging to any political group. It is not itself a formal parliamentary group, although a group of non-registered members existed from 1968 to 1976, first under the name of the group of non-registered members from 3 October 1968, and later the group of the union of senators not registered with a political group from 30 June 1971 to 1976, both of which elected their own presidents. Non-inscrits have not always formed a group; in the records of the Journal officiel, such members were listed under the title of senators not registered with a political group from 1959 to 1960 and 1964 to 1967, as well as under the appellation of senators neither appearing on a list nor associated with a group list from 1961 to 1963, 1968 to 1969, and in 1973.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Socialist group in the Senate</span> French parliamentary group

The Socialist group in the Senate is a parliamentary group in the Senate including representatives of the Socialist Party (PS).

Mohamed Seghir Boushaki, was an Algerian Kabyle politician after the French conquest of Algeria.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mohamed Deriche</span> Algerian Berber politician

Mohamed Deriche, was an Algerian Berber politician after the French conquest of Algeria.

Mohamed Mechkarini (1896–1935) is a Kabyle rebel who attacked colonial administrators in the early twentieth century. Finally captured, he was arrested on January 6, 1929.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Albert Grévy</span> French lawyer and politician

Jules Philippe Louis Albert Grévy was a French lawyer and politician. He represented Doubs in the National Assembly and then the Chamber of Deputies from 1871 to 1880. He was Governor-General of Algeria from 1879 to 1881, and a Senator for Life from 1880 until his death in 1899.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bash Hezzab</span>

The Bash Hezzab is the senior Hezzab supervising the Hizb Rateb and Salka in mosques and zawiyas in Algeria according to the Algerian Islamic reference under the supervision of the Ministry of Religious Affairs and Endowments.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Soumâa</span> Place in Thénia District, Thénia

Soumâa or Thala Oufella is a village in the Boumerdès Province in Kabylie, Algeria.

Meraldene or Merabtene is a village in the Boumerdès Province in Kabylie, Algeria.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zawiyet Sidi Boumerdassi</span> Building in Algeria

Zawiyet Sidi Boumerdassi or Zawiyet Ouled Boumerdès is a zawiya located within Boumerdès Province in Algeria.

Zawiyet Sidi Amar Cherif, or Zawiyet Sidi Daoud, is a zawiya school located in Boumerdès Province in Algeria.

Brahim Boushaki, was an Algerian Scholar, Imam and Sufi Sheikh. He was born in the village of Soumâa near the town of Thénia 53 km east of Algiers. He was raised in a very spiritual environment within Zawiyet Sidi Boushaki with high Islamic values and ethics. He had great interpersonal skills and devoted his entire life in service of Islam and Algeria according to the Algerian Islamic reference.

Yahia Boushaki, commonly known as Si Omar or simply as Boushaki, was a prominent revolutionary leader during the Algerian war of independence as a member of the Front de Libération Nationale that launched an armed revolt throughout Algeria and issued a proclamation calling for a sovereign Algerian state.

Mohamed Rahmoune, commonly known as Si Rabah or simply as Rahmoune, was a prominent revolutionary leader during the Algerian war of independence as a member of the Front de Libération Nationale that launched an armed revolt throughout Algeria and issued a proclamation calling for a sovereign Algerian state.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1919 Algerian municipal elections</span>

Municipal elections were held in French Algeria in November 1919 to elect municipal councils in cities.

References

  1. "Journal officiel de la République française. Débats parlementaires. Sénat : compte rendu in-extenso". Gallica. 19 May 1921. Archived from the original on 15 August 2023. Retrieved 21 May 2024.
  2. Sénat, France Assemblée nationale (1871-1942) (12 April 1922). "Annales du Sénat: Débats parlementaires". Imprimerie des Journaux officiels. Archived from the original on 21 May 2024. Retrieved 21 May 2024 via Google Books.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  3. "La requête de l'Emir Khaled au président Wilson | El Watan". www.elwatan.com.[ permanent dead link ]
  4. "Lettre de l'Émir Khaled à Woodrow Wilson, Président des États-Unis d'Amérique (mai 1919) - Miages-Djebels". www.miages-djebels.org. Archived from the original on 1 April 2023. Retrieved 11 April 2022.
  5. Ageron, Charles-Robert (12 April 1980). "La petition de l'Emir Khaled au president Wilson (mai 1919)". 7 (19–20) via www.projecttopics.org.{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)[ permanent dead link ]
  6. Merad, Ali (12 April 1971). "L'émir Khaled (1875-1936) vu par Ibn Badis (1889-1940)". Revue des mondes musulmans et de la Méditerranée. 9 (1): 21–35. doi:10.3406/remmm.1971.1099. Archived from the original on 15 August 2023. Retrieved 11 April 2022 via www.persee.fr.
  7. Ageron, Charles-Robert (2005). "La pétition de l'Émir Khaledau Président Wilson (mai 1919)". Dans Genèse de l'Algérie algérienne[Genesis of Algerian Algeria] (in French). pp. 165–178. Archived from the original on 16 August 2023. Retrieved 11 April 2022.
  8. Benkada, Saddek (30 December 2004). "La revendication des libertés publiquesdans le discours politique du nationalisme algérien et de l'anticolonialisme français(1919-1954)". Insaniyat / إنسانيات. Revue algérienne d'anthropologie et de sciences sociales (25–26): 179–199. doi: 10.4000/insaniyat.6387 . S2CID   193875037. Archived from the original on 15 August 2023. Retrieved 11 April 2022 via journals.openedition.org.
  9. Ageron, Charles-Robert (12 April 1980). "La petition de l'Emir Khaled au president Wilson (mai 1919)". Revue d'histoire maghrébine. 7 (19–20): 199–209. Archived from the original on 15 August 2023. Retrieved 11 April 2022 via www.africabib.org.
  10. "Répertoire administratif des maires et des conseillers municipaux". Gallica. 12 September 1920. Archived from the original on 15 August 2023. Retrieved 21 May 2024.
  11. texte, France Sénat (1875-1942) Auteur du (22 December 1922). "Impressions : projets, propositions, rapports... / Sénat". Gallica. Archived from the original on 15 August 2023. Retrieved 21 May 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  12. texte, France Sénat (1875-1942) Auteur du (7 July 1922). "Impressions : projets, propositions, rapports... / Sénat". Gallica. Archived from the original on 15 August 2023. Retrieved 21 May 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  13. "Pandectes françaises périodiques : Recueil mensuel de jurisprudence et de législation... | 1922" (in French). Gallica. 22 October 2013. Archived from the original on 15 August 2023. Retrieved 29 April 2022.
  14. "Supplément à tous les codes : bulletin des lois usuelles, décrets, arrêtés, circulaires, etc. se référant et s'adaptant à tous les codes : recueil mensuel / fondé par Me A. Weber,... ; publié par M. Paul Roy,..." Gallica. 12 November 1920. Archived from the original on 15 August 2023. Retrieved 21 May 2024.