1991 in paleontology

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Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils . [1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks ( ichnites ), burrows , cast-off parts, fossilised feces ( coprolites ), palynomorphs and chemical residues . Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science . This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1991.

Contents

Plants

Angiosperms

NameNoveltyStatusAuthorsAgeUnitLocationNotesImages

Cruciptera [2]

Gen et comb nov

valid

Brown

Middle Eocene

Clarno Formation

Flag of the United States.svg  USA
Flag of Oregon.svg  Oregon

A walnut relative.
Moved from Tetrapteris simsoni (1940) [3]

Soleredera [4]

Gen et sp nov

Valid

Erwin & Stockey

Eocene
Ypresian

Okanagan Highlands
Princeton Chert

Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
Flag of British Columbia.svg  British Columbia

A lilialean genus of uncertain placement

Arthropods

Insects

NameNoveltyStatusAuthorsAgeUnitLocationNotesImages

Anochetus brevidentatus [5]

Sp nov

Valid

MacKay

Burdigalian

Dominican amber

Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg  Dominican Republic

A ponerin ant

Stenolestes hispanicus [6]

Sp nov

Valid

Nel

Vallesian

Bellver de Cerdanya

Flag of Spain.svg  Spain

A sieblosiid damselfly

Stenolestes hispanicus Stenolestes hispanicus holotype MNHN.F.R10376 part transverse light.jpg
Stenolestes hispanicus

Mollusca

Newly named bivalves

NameNoveltyStatusAuthorsAgeUnitLocationNotesImages

Similodonta wahli [7]

Sp nov

Valid

Isakar

Late Ordovician

Arina Formation

Archosauromorphs

Newly named dinosaurs

Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list. [8]

NameStatusAuthorsAgeUnitLocationNotesImages

Alvarezsaurus [9]

Valid taxon

Jose Bonaparte

Late Cretaceous (Santonian)

Bajo de la Carpa Formation

An alvarezsaurid.

Alvarezsaurus Alvarezsaurus calvoi.jpg
Alvarezsaurus

Amargasaurus [10]

Valid taxon

Salgado and Jose Bonaparte

Early Cretaceous (Barremian)

La Amarga Formation

A dicraeosaurid. with Spines on its Neck

Amargasaurus Amargasaurus NT small.jpg
Amargasaurus

Amurosaurus [11]

Valid taxon

Bolotsky & Kurzanov

Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)

Udurchukan Formation

A lambeosaurine hadrosaurid.

Andesaurus [12]

Valid taxon

Calvo and Bonaparte

Late Cretaceous (Santonian)

Bajo de la Carpa Formation

An alvarezsaurid.

Becklespinax [13]

Junior synonym

George Olshevsky.

Early Cretaceous (Valanginian)

Wadhurst Clay Formation

A junior objective synonym of Altispinax ; new genus for "Acrocanthosaurus" altispinax Paul (1988).

Euronychodon [14]

Valid taxon

Telles-Antunes & Sigogneau-Russell

Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)

A troodontid.

Janenschia [15]

Valid taxon

Wild

Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian-Tithonian)

Tendaguru Formation

A non-titanosauriform macronarian; new genus for "Gigantosaurus" robustus E. Fraas (1908).

Protognathosaurus [13]

Valid taxon

George Olshevsky

Middle Jurassic (Bajocian)

Xiashaximiao Formation

A sauropod of uncertain affinities.

"Rioarribasaurus" [16]

Junior synonym

Hunt & S.G. Lucas

Late Triassic (late Norian-Rhaetian)

A junior synonym of Coelophysis .

"Seismosaurus" [17]

Junior synonym

Gillette

Tarascosaurus [18]

Valid taxon

Le Loeuff and Buffetaut

Taveirosaurus [14]

Valid taxon

Telles-Antunes & Sigogneau-Russell

Late Cretaceous

An ornithischian of unknown affinities.

Tochisaurus [19]

Valid taxon

Kurzanov and Osmolska

Cretaceous

"Ultrasauros" [13]

Junior synonym

George Olshevsky

Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian)

Morrison Formation

Junior synonym of Supersaurus ; replacement name for Ultrasaurus Jensen 1985 (preoccupied).

Valdoraptor [13]

Valid taxon

George Olshevsky

Early Cretaceous (late Valanginian)

Tunbridge Wells Formation

An ornithomimosaur; new genus for "Megalosaurus" oweni Lydekker (1889).

Velocisaurus [9]

Valid taxon

Jose Bonaparte

A Noasaur.
Velocisaurus Velocisaurus.jpg
Velocisaurus

Newly named birds

NameStatusNoveltyAuthorsAgeUnitLocationNotesImages

Aidemedia chascax [20]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Helen F. James

Storrs L. Olson

Holocene

Oahu

A Fringillidae, Carduelinae.

Aidemedia lutetiae [20]

Valid

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Helen F. James

Storrs L. Olson

Holocene

Molokai

A Fringillidae, Carduelinae, this is the type species of the new genus.

Aidemedia zanclops [20]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Helen F. James

Storrs L. Olson

Holocene

Oahu

A Fringillidae, Carduelinae.

Apteribis brevis [21]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Storrs L. Olson

Helen F. James

Holocene

Maui

A Threskiornithidae.

Asiahesperornis bazhanovi [22]

Valid

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Lev A. Nessov

B. V. Prizemlin

Late Cretaceous

Late Campanian-Early Maastrichtian,

Eginsai Formation

A Hesperornithiformes Fürbringer, 1888, Hesperornithidae Marsh, 1872.

Branta hylobadistes [21]

Valid

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Storrs L. Olson

Helen F. James

Holocene

Maui

An Anatidae.

Chelychelynechen quassus [21]

Valid

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Storrs L. Olson

Helen F. James

Holocene

Kauai

An Anatidae, a moa-nalo, this is the type species of the genus.

Chloridops regiskongi [20]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Helen F. James

Storrs L. Olson

Holocene

Oahu

A Fringillidae, Carduelinae.

Chloridops wahi [20]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Helen F. James

Storrs L. Olson

Holocene

Oahu

A Fringillidae, Carduelinae.

Circus dossenus [21]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Storrs L. Olson

Helen F. James

Holocene

Molokai

An Accipitridae.

Ciridops tenax [20]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Helen F. James

Storrs L. Olson

Holocene

Kauai

A Fringillidae, Carduelinae.

Corvus impluviatus [20]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Helen F. James

Storrs L. Olson

Holocene

Oahu

A Corvidae.

Corvus viriosus [20]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Helen F. James

Storrs L. Olson

Holocene

Oahu

A Corvidae.

Dendroscansor decurvirostris [23]

Valid

Gen. nov et Sp. nov.

Philip R. Millener

Trevor H. Worthy

Late Pleistocene

Otira Glacial Age

An Acanthisittidae.

Grallistrix auceps [21]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Storrs L. Olson

Helen F. James

Holocene

Kauai

A Strigidae.

Grallistrix erdmani [21]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Storrs L. Olson

Helen F. James

Holocene

Maui

A Strigidae.

Grallistrix geleches [21]

Valid

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Storrs L. Olson

Helen F. James

Holocene

Molokai

A Strigidae, the type species of the new genus.

Grallistrix orion [21]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Storrs L. Olson

Helen F. James

Holocene

Oahu

A Strigidae.

Hemignathus upupirostris [20]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Helen F. James

Storrs L. Olson

Holocene

Kauai

A Fringillidae, Carduelinae, transferred to the genus Akialoa Olson et James, 1995 by Olson et James, 1995. [24]

Horusornis vianeyliaudae [25]

Valid

Gen. nov et Sp. nov.

Cécile Mourer-Chauviré

Late Eocene

Phosphorites du Quercy

MP 17

An Accipitriformes, Horusornithidae Mourer-Chauviré, 1991, this is the type species of the new genus.

Orthiospiza howarthi [20]

Valid

Gen. nov et Sp. nov.

Helen F. James

Storrs L. Olson

Holocene

Maui

A Fringillidae, Carduelinae, this is the type species of the new genus.

Palaeocryptonyx hungaricus [26]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Dénes Jánossy

Late Miocene

MN 13

A Phasianidae, transferred to the genus Plioperdix Kretzoi, 1955 as Plioperdix hungarica Comb. nov. by Nikita V. Zelenkov & Andrey V. Panteleyev. [27]

Pavo aesculapi phasianoides [26]

Valid

Subsp. nov.

Dénes Jánossy

Late Miocene

A member of the family Phasianidae. Originally described as a subspecies of Pavo aesculapi; Zelenkov (2016) transferred it to the genus Syrmaticus and raised it to the rank of a separate species Syrmaticus phasianoides. [28]

Phalacrocorax kuehneanus [29]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Thomas Schlüter

Late Pliocene

Minjingu

A Phalacrocoracidae.

Phoeniconaias siamensis [30]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Jacques Cheneval

Léonard Ginsburg

Cécile Mourer-Chauviré

Benjavun Ratanasthien

Late Early Miocene

Li Mae

A Phoenicopteridae.

Porzana estramosi veterior [26]

Valid

Subsp. nov.

Dénes Jánossy

Late Miocene

A member of the family Rallidae. Originally described as a subspecies of Porzana estramosi; Zelenkov (2017) transferred it to the genus Zapornia and raised it to the rank of a separate species Zapornia veterior. [31]

Porzana keplerorum [21]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Storrs L. Olson

Helen F. James

Holocene

Maui

A Rallidae.

Porzana menehune [21]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Storrs L. Olson

Helen F. James

Holocene

Molokai

A Rallidae.

Porzana ralphorum [21]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Storrs L. Olson

Helen F. James

Holocene

Oahu

A Rallidae.

Porzana severnsi [21]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Storrs L. Olson

Helen F. James

Holocene

Maui

A Rallidae.

Porzana ziegleri [21]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Storrs L. Olson

Helen F. James

Holocene

Oahu

A Rallidae.

Protoavis texensis [32]

Valid

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Sankar Chatterjee

Late Trias

Late Carnian-Early Norian

A Protoaviformes Chatterjee, 1991, Protoaviformes Chatterjee, 1991, the type and only species of the genus, no longer considered a bird.

Pseudodontornis tshulensis [33]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Aleksandr O. Averianov

Andrei V. Panteleyev

Olga R. Potapova

Lev A. Nessov

Late Paleocene

Landenian

A Pseudodontornithidae Lambrecht, 1933.

Pseudoseisuropsis nehuen [34]

Valid

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Jorge I. Noriega

Early Pleistocene

Miramar Formation

A Furnariidae, Philydorinae, this is the type species of the new genus.

Ptaiochen pau [21]

Valid

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Storrs L. Olson

Helen F. James

Holocene

Maui

An Anatidae, a moa-nalo, this is the type species of the genus.

Pterodroma jugabilis [21]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Storrs L. Olson

Helen F. James

Holocene

Oahu

A Procellariidae.

Rallicrex polgardiensis [26]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Dénes Jánossy

Late Miocene

MN 13

A member of the family Rallidae. Originally described as a species of Rallicrex ; Zelenkov (2017) transferred this species to the genus Rallus . [31]

Telespiza persecutrix [20]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Helen F. James

Storrs L. Olson

Holocene

Oahu, Kauai

A Fringillidae, Carduelinae.

Telespiza ypsilon [20]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Helen F. James

Storrs L. Olson

Holocene

Molokai, Maui

A Fringillidae, Carduelinae.

Thambetochen xanion [21]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Storrs L. Olson

Helen F. James

Holocene

Oahu

An Anatidae, a moa-nalo.

Tyto campiterrae [26]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Dénes Jánossy

Late Miocene

MN 13

A Tytonidae.

Vangulifer mirandus [20]

Valid

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Helen F. James

Storrs L. Olson

Holocene

Maui

A Fringillidae, Carduelinae.

Vangulifer neophasis [20]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Helen F. James

Storrs L. Olson

Holocene

Maui

A Fringillidae, Carduelinae.

Xestospiza conica [20]

Valid

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Helen F. James

Storrs L. Olson

Holocene

Kauai

A Fringillidae, Carduelinae.

Xestospiza fastigialis [20]

Valid

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Helen F. James

Storrs L. Olson

Holocene

Oahu, Molokai, Maui

A Fringillidae, Carduelinae, the type species of the new genus.

Genera no longer considered to be birds

  • Protoavis . The avian status of Protoavis has since been almost universally rejected by paleontologists.

Pseudosuchians

NameNoveltyStatusAuthorsAgeType localityCountryNotesImages

Australosuchus clarkae [35]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Willis & Molnar

Late Oligocene - Early Miocene

Etadunna Formation

Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia

A mekosuchine crocodilian described from a multitude of skeletons.

Australosuchus.jpg

Pterosaurs

New taxa

NameStatusAuthorsLocationImages

Bennettazhia

Valid

Nesov

Synapsids

Non-mammalian

NameStatusAuthorsAgeUnitLocationNotesImages

Apsisaurus [36]

Valid

  • Laurin

Lower Permian

Archer City Formation

Formerly assigned as an eosuchian diapsid, was restudied and classified as a varanopid synapsid. [37]

Apsisaurus Apsisaurus.jpg
Apsisaurus

Ctenorhachis [38]

Valid

  • Hook
  • Hotton

Upper Permian

A sphenacodontid synapsid.

Ctenorhachis Ctenorhachis.jpg
Ctenorhachis

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