2-10-10-2

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Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotive wheel arrangements, a 2-10-10-2 is a locomotive with two leading wheels, two sets of ten driving wheels, and a pair of trailing wheels.

Contents

Other equivalent classifications are:

UIC classification: 1EE1 (also known as German classification and Swiss classification)
Italian and French classification: 150+051
Turkish classification: 56+56
Swiss classification: 5/6+5/6

The equivalent UIC classification is refined to (1′E)E1′ for Mallet locomotives. All 2-10-10-2 locomotives have been articulated locomotives of the Mallet type.

This wheel arrangement was rare. Only two classes of 2-10-10-2 locomotives have been built: the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway's 3000 class, and the Virginian Railway's class AE. The 3000 class performed poorly, so the railroad returned them to their original 2-10-2 configuration after no more than seven years of service. None survive today. The class AE locomotives were much more successful, providing between 25 and 31 years of service; some were scrapped between 1943 and 1945, and the rest were scrapped between 1947 and 1949. None were preserved.

ATSF 3000 class

ATSF 3000 class
Detroit Publishing - New Mallet articulated compound engine on the Santa Fe (sky cropped).jpg
ATSF 3000 class 2-10-10-2. The forward section of the boiler is a primitive superheater and feedwater heater
Type and origin
Power typeSteam
Builder Baldwin Locomotive Works
Build date1911-1912
Rebuilder ATSF
Rebuild date1915-1918 (as 2-10-2’s)
Number rebuilt10
Specifications
Driver dia.57 in (1.448 m)
Wheelbase 108 ft 10 in (33.17 m)
Length122 ft (37.19 m)
Loco weight616,000 lb (279,400 kg; 279.4 t)
Tender weight266,400 lb (120,800 kg; 120.8 t)
Total weight882,400 lb (400,180 kg; 400.18 t)
Boiler pressure225 psi (1.55 MPa)
Cylinders Four, compound (LP front, HP rear)
High-pressure cylinder28 in × 32 in (711 mm × 813 mm)
Low-pressure cylinder38 in × 32 in (965 mm × 813 mm)
Performance figures
Tractive effort 111,600 lbf (496 kN)
Career
Operators Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway
Numbers3000–3009
Withdrawn1945-1953
Scrapped1947-1953
DispositionAll scrapped

In 1911 and 1912, the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway modified ten 2-10-2 Baldwin-built locomotives into a new 2-10-10-2 configuration dubbed the 3000 class. They were the largest locomotives in the world from their introduction until 1914. They performed well in helper service, but could only go 10 to 15 mph (16 to 24 km/h) before losing steam. The ATSF returned them to their 2-10-2 configurations between 1915 and 1918.

Virginian Railway class AE

Virginian Class AE
Virginian Railway AE.jpg
Virginian Class AE
Type and origin
Reference: [1]
Power typeSteam
Builder American Locomotive Company
Order number1227
Build date1918
Total produced10
Specifications
Configuration:
​
 •  Whyte 2-10-10-2
Gauge 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm)
Driver dia.56 in (1,422 mm)
Wheelbase 64.25 ft (19.58 m)
Width12.0 ft (3.658 m)
Height16.625 ft (5.067 m)
Adhesive weight 617,000 lb (279,866 kg; 280 t)
Loco weight684,000 lb (310,257 kg; 310 t)
Tender weight214,300 lb (97,205 kg; 97 t)
Total weight898,300 lb (407,462 kg; 407 t)
Fuel type Coal
Water cap.13,000 US gal (10,825 imp gal; 49,210 L)
Tender cap.12 short tons (10.7 long tons; 10.9 t)
Firebox:​
 • Grate area108.7 sq ft (10 m2)
Boiler118.5 in (3,010 mm)
Boiler pressure215 psi (1 MPa)
Heating surface8,528 sq ft (792 m2) ​
 • Tubes5,580 sq ft (518 m2)
 • Arch tubes438 sq ft (41 m2)
 • Flues2,510 sq ft (233 m2)
Superheater:
​
 • Heating area2,120 sq ft (197 m2)
Cylinders Four, compound (LP front, HP rear)
High-pressure cylinder30 in × 32 in (762 mm × 813 mm)
Low-pressure cylinder48 in × 32 in (1,219 mm × 813 mm)
Valve gear Walschaerts
Loco brake Air
Train brakes Air
Performance figures
Tractive effort Compound: 147,200 lbf (655 kN)
Simple: 176,600 lbf (786 kN)
Factor of adh. 4.19
Career
OperatorsVirginian
Number in class10
Numbers800-809
DispositionAll scrapped from 1943-1953

These ten locomotives were built in 1918 by ALCO for the Virginian Railway. With a width of 144 inches (3,658 mm), they were delivered without their cabs and front low-pressure cylinders; and were assembled after delivery. The 48-inch (1,219 mm) low-pressure cylinders (on 90-inch or 2,286-millimetre centers) were the largest on any U.S. locomotive; these had to be inclined a few degrees to provide clearance. [1] The boiler was also the widest of any locomotive; Railway Mechanical Engineer says "the outside diameter of the largest course is 112+7⁄8 inches (2,867 mm)." but the drawing shows 118+1⁄2 inches (3,010 mm) diameter at the rear tube sheet. Their accompanying fuel tenders were shorter than usual so the locomotive would fit on the Virginian's turntables.

This class were compound Mallet locomotives. The rear, high-pressure cylinders exhausted their steam into the huge front cylinders. They could also be operated in simple mode for starting; reduced-pressure steam could be sent straight from the boiler to the front cylinders at low speed, for maximum tractive effort.

The calculated tractive effort was 147,200 lb (66,800 kg) in compound, or 176,600 lb (80,100 kg) in simple for the Virginian locomotives. [2]

The class remained in service until the 1940s. No examples have been preserved. [1]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mallet locomotive</span> Articulated locomotive with compound steam power

A Mallet locomotive is a type of compound articulated steam locomotive, invented by the Swiss engineer Anatole Mallet (1837–1919).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2-10-4</span> Locomotive wheel arrangement

Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, a 2-10-4 locomotive has two leading wheels on one axle, usually in a Bissel truck, ten coupled driving wheels on five axles, and four trailing wheels on two axles, usually in a bogie. These were referred to as the Texas type in most of the United States, the Colorado type on the Burlington Route, and the Selkirk type in Canada.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">4-8-4</span> Locomotive wheel arrangement

Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 4-8-4 represents the wheel arrangement of four leading wheels on two axles, eight powered and coupled driving wheels on four axles and four trailing wheels on two axles. The type was first used by the Northern Pacific Railway, and initially named the Northern Pacific, but railfans and railroad employees have shortened the name since its introduction. It is most-commonly known as a Northern.

Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 2-10-2 represents the wheel arrangement of two leading wheels, ten powered and coupled driving wheels, and two trailing wheels. In the United States and elsewhere the 2-10-2 is known as the Santa Fe type, after the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway that first used the type in 1903.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2-8-8-0</span> Articulated locomotive wheel arrangement

In the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives by wheel arrangement, a 2-8-8-0 is a locomotive with a two-wheel leading truck, two sets of eight driving wheels, and no trailing truck.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">4-8-8-2</span> Articulated locomotive wheel arrangement

Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, a 4-8-8-2 is a locomotive with four leading wheels, two sets of eight driving wheels, and a two-wheel trailing truck.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2-6-6-2</span> Articulated locomotive wheel arrangement

Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives by wheel arrangement, a 2-6-6-2 is a locomotive with one pair of unpowered leading wheels, followed by two sets of three pairs of powered driving wheels and one pair of trailing wheels. The wheel arrangement was principally used on Mallet-type articulated locomotives, although some tank locomotive examples were also built. A Garratt locomotive or Golwé locomotive with the same wheel arrangement is designated 2-6-0+0-6-2 since both engine units are pivoting.

Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, a 2-8-8-8-4 has two leading wheels, three sets of eight driving wheels, and four trailing wheels.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2-6-6-0</span> Articulated locomotive wheel arrangement

Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives by wheel arrangement, 2-6-6-0 is a locomotive with one pair of unpowered leading wheels, followed by two sets of three pairs of powered driving wheels and no trailing wheels. The wheel arrangement was principally used on Mallet-type articulated locomotives. Some tank locomotive examples were also built, for which various suffixes to indicate the type of tank would be added to the wheel arrangement, for example 2-6-6-0T for an engine with side-tanks.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Santa Fe class 3450</span>

The Santa Fe class 3450 consisted of ten 4-6-4 "Hudson" type steam locomotives built by the Baldwin Locomotive Works in 1927. Built as coal-burners, they were later converted to oil-burning during the 1930s. At the same time, the locomotives were given 79-inch (2,007 mm) driving wheels instead of their original 73-inch (1,854 mm), and the boiler pressures increased from 220 to 230 lbf/in2. Combined, these changes reduced the starting tractive effort from 44,250 to 43,300 lbf, but increased the top speed and efficiency. Their early service was in the Midwest, between Chicago and Colorado; later, some were assigned to service in the San Joaquin Valley of California between Bakersfield and Oakland.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">South African Class MA 2-6-6-0</span>

The South African Railways Class MA 2-6-6-0 of 1909 was a steam locomotive from the pre-Union era in the Natal Colony.

The South African Railways Class MC 2-6-6-0 of 1912 was a steam locomotive.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">South African Class MC1 2-6-6-0</span>

The South African Railways Class MC1 2-6-6-0 of 1914 was a steam locomotive.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">South African Class MD 2-6-6-2</span>

The South African Railways Class MD 2-6-6-2 of 1910 was a steam locomotive from the pre-Union era in Transvaal.

The South African Railways Class MG 2-6-6-2 of 1911 was a steam locomotive from the pre-Union era in Transvaal.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">South African Class MH 2-6-6-2</span>

The South African Railways Class MH 2-6-6-2 of 1915 was an articulated Mallet-design steam locomotive.

Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, a 2-8-8-8-8-2 has two leading wheels, four sets of eight driving wheels, and two trailing wheels. Because of its length, such a locomotive must be an articulated locomotive. It is not longer than a normal articulated; the fourth set of drivers is located under the tender.

Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotive wheel arrangements, a 4-4-6-2 is a locomotive with two pairs of leading wheels, one set of four driving wheels, a second set of six driving wheels, and a pair of trailing wheels.

A multiplex locomotive is a steam locomotive that divides the driving force on its wheels by using multiple pairs of cylinders to drive multiple driving wheel set groups. Such a locomotive will necessarily articulated if it has more than two sets of driving wheels. There were locomotive projects with three, four, five or six sets of drive wheels. However, these locomotives were never built, except for four triplex locomotives in the United States and one quadruplex locomotive in Belgium.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Bruce, Alfred. The Steam Locomotive in America: Its Development in the Twentieth Century. New York: W.W. Norton. pp. 321, photo 85.
  2. ↑ Lewis, Lloyd D. (1993). Virginian Railway Locomotives (1 ed.). Marceline, Missouri: Walsworth Publishing Co. p. 32. ISBN   1-883089-05-0.
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