2000 Mozambique flood

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2000 Mozambique flood
An MH-53M Pave Low IV helicopter approaches the refueling basket of an MC-130P Combat Shadow.jpg
A United States Air Force MH-53M Pave Low helicopter flying over flooded land in Mozambique.
DateFebruary–March 2000
LocationSouthern Mozambique
Deaths700–800 total [1]
Property damage$500 million (2000 USD) [nb 1]

The 2000 Mozambique flood was a natural disaster that occurred in February and March 2000. The catastrophic flooding was caused by heavy rainfall caused by Cyclone Leon-Eline that lasted for four weeks and made many homeless. Approximately 800 people died, 1400 km2 of arable land was affected and 20,000 head of cattle and food were lost. It was the worst flood in Mozambique in 50 years. [2] The government of Mozambique distributed 15 million dollars to its citizens to account for damage property and loss of income.[ citation needed ]

Contents

Meteorological history

In October and November 1999, heavy rainfall affected Mozambique, followed by a period of heavy rainfall in January 2000. [3] By the end of January 2000, the rains caused the Incomati, the Umbeluzi, and the Limpopo rivers to exceed their banks, inundating portions of the capital Maputo. [4] At Chókwè, the Limpopo River reached a level of 6 m (20 ft) on January 24, twice its normal level. [5] Some areas received a year's worth of rainfall in two weeks. [6] The resultant floods were considered the worst to affect the nations since 1951. [1]

Flooding was beginning to recede in late February by the time Cyclone Eline made landfall. [7] Eline was a long-lasting tropical cyclone that struck near Beira at peak intensity on February 22. [1] By the end of February 2000, the situation was considered the country's worst natural disaster in a century. [8]

Impact

By late February, the flooding had already caused increases in malaria and diarrhea. Flooding also disrupted water supply and covered roads, [5] with the primary north-south highway cut in three locations. [9] Widespread areas were inundated, which displaced about 220,000 people, [6] and killed about 150 people before Eline struck. [10]

The combined effects of the preceding floods and Eline left about 463,000 people displaced or homeless, [11] including 46,000 children five years old or younger. [12] Overall, the preceding floods and Eline caused about 700 deaths, [1] half in Chokwe. [13] with damage estimated at $500 million (2000 USD). [1] The cyclone and the floods disrupted much of the economic progress Mozambique had made in the 1990s since the end of its civil war. [14]

Aftermath

Before the arrival of Eline, the government of Mozambique appealed to the international community for assistance in response to the flooding, and countries were beginning to provide relief. [1] Mozambique's president at the time, Joaquim Chissano, requested for additional aid after Eline struck, [15] asking for $65 million for both reconstruction and emergency aid, [16] and later increasing the request to $160 million. [17] By March 17, various countries had pledged $119 million to Mozambique. [11] By March 4, 39.6 tons of various relief goods reached the country, [18] which nearly overwhelmed the small airport at Maputo. [19]

The government of the Netherlands donated 5 million guilders (US$2.2 million) to the country, following an earlier donation of about 2 million guilders (US$871,000). [16] The Italian government earmarked 10 billion lira, half of which for immediate emergency assistance, [20] and Denmark earmarked €2.68 million euros. [21] Sweden sent 10 million krona and Ireland €507,000 to the World Food Programme. [22] [23] Portugal delivered 40 tons worth of aid, including food, medicine, tents, and dinghies, [24] and the Spanish Red Cross sent two flights of aid. [25] Canada provided about $11.6 million (CAD) to Mozambique, [26] while the United States provided $7 million worth of food via its Agency for International Development, [27] part of its $50 million contribution. [28] The European Community Humanitarian Aid Office provided €25 million in early March. [29] Botswana donated P23 million pula (BWP, US$5 million), [30] and Mauritius provided about $100,000 (USD). [31] The nation of Ghana flew $100,000 worth of food and clothing to Mozambique. [32] Australia also provided $1 million to the country, [33] and Saudi Arabia flew two planes' worth of aid. [34] Concern Worldwide allocated $650,000 (USD) at the end of February. [35] Médecins Sans Frontières sent a crew of five people to Buzi to help residents. [36] The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation sent $350,000 to CARE in early March. [37] Through the Jubilee 2000, most wealthy nations postponed debt payments for one year. [38] The United Kingdom canceled its $150 million debt in late February, [39] and Italy canceled its $500 million debt in March. [40]

The Mozambique government used boats to evacuate residents in flood zones, [41] setting up 121 camps for evacuees. [11] However, the country had a limited capacity for widespread rescues due to insufficient helicopters. [42] South Africa sent a fleet of twelve planes and helicopters to operate search and rescue missions, as well as airdropping food. [43] They were assisted by two helicopters from Malawi, six from the United Kingdom, and ten from Germany. [44] [45] [46] By March 7, the fleet of 29 helicopters had rescued 14,204 people. [47] [48] Residual floodwaters contributed to outbreaks of malaria and cholera, [49] with malaria infections at four times the usual rate killing at least 11 people. [50] [51] Areas in southern Mozambique also lost access to clean water, furthering dehydration and illnesses. [52] In addition, the United Nations Mine Action Service expressed concern that the floods shifted the locations of landmines left over from the nation's civil war. [53] Later, the remnants of Cyclone Gloria halted relief work due to heavy rainfall. [54] Residents began returning home in early March after floodwaters receded. [55]

Notes

  1. ↑ All damage totals are in 2000 values of their respective currencies.

Related Research Articles

The following lists events that happened during 2000 in South Africa.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cyclone Leon–Eline</span> Australian and South-West Indian cyclone in 2000

Intense Tropical Cyclone Leon–Eline was the second longest-lived cyclone in the Indian Ocean, behind Cyclone Freddy, traveling over 11,000 km (6,800 mi) during its 29-day track through the Indian Ocean, throughout the entire month of February. The cyclone formed on 1 February 2000, in the Australian basin as Tropical Cyclone Leon, and was renamed Eline after crossing 90° E into the South-West Indian Ocean; there, the Météo-France office in Réunion (MFR) tracked the storm's movement and intensity. Late on 17 February, Eline made landfall near Mahanoro, Madagascar, with 10‑minute winds of 165 km/h (103 mph). The storm rapidly weakened over land, but restrengthened in the Mozambique Channel to reach peak 10‑minute winds of 185 km/h (115 mph), making it an intense tropical cyclone. On 22 February, Eline made landfall about 80 km (50 mi) south of Beira, Mozambique, near peak intensity. Eline quickly weakened over land as it moved across Southern Africa, finally dissipating over eastern Namibia on 29 February.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1999–2000 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season</span> Cyclone season in the Southwest Indian Ocean

The 1999–2000 South-West Indian Ocean tropical cyclone season was the first on record in which two storms – Leon–Eline and Hudah – struck Mozambique at tropical cyclone intensity, or with maximum sustained winds of at least 120 km/h (75 mph). The most notable storm of the season was Eline, which was the third longest-lasting storm on record in the basin. It lasted for 29 days while traversing the southern Indian Ocean, making the strongest landfall in decades along eastern Madagascar in late February. The storm was the first in a series of three storms that struck the country in early 2000, along with Gloria in March and Hudah in April. Collectively, the three storms killed at least 316 people. The season started on November 1, 1999, and ended for most of the basin on April 30, 2000; for Mauritius and the Seychelles, the season continued until May 15. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the basin.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2007 Mozambican flood</span>

The 2007 Mozambican flood began in late December 2006 when the Cahora Bassa Dam overflowed from heavy rains on Southern Africa. It worsened on February 22, 2007, when the Category 4 Cyclone Favio made landfall on the central province of Inhambane; experts tracking the cyclone predicted that it would worsen flooding in the Zambezi River valley. The Zambezi River broke its banks, flooding the surrounding areas in Mozambique. The Chire and Rivubue rivers also flooded.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cyclone Indlala</span> South-West Indian cyclone in 2007

Intense Tropical Cyclone Indlala was a powerful tropical cyclone that struck northeastern Madagascar in March 2007. The ninth named storm and fifth intense tropical cyclone of the 2006–07 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season, Indlala developed on 3 March 2007 southwest of the Chagos archipelago in the central Indian Ocean. Initially a tropical disturbance, Indlala moved generally westward in its formative stages, attaining tropical cyclone status on 13 March. A day later, the Météo-France office on Réunion (MFR) estimated peak 10–minute sustained winds of 175 km/h (110 mph), although the American-based Joint Typhoon Warning Center estimated stronger 1–minute winds of 220 km/h (135 mph). Early on 15 March, the cyclone made landfall in northeastern Madagascar on the Masoala Peninsula near Antalaha, still at its peak intensity according to the MFR. Indlala rapidly weakened over land and turned southward, eventually re-emerging into the Indian Ocean on 18 March; it was last noted by the MFR on 19 March.

The National Disasters Management Institute is the disaster relief agency of Mozambique.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">October 2008 Central America floods</span> Atlantic tropical depression in 2008

The October 2008 Central America floods were caused by a series of low-pressure areas including Tropical Depression Sixteen, a short-lived tropical cyclone in the 2008 Atlantic hurricane season that made landfall in Honduras. Heavy rainfall began in early October 2008 while a tropical wave passed through the region. On October 14, Tropical Depression Sixteen formed just off the northeast coast of Honduras, and at the same time a low-pressure system was on the Pacific coast. Both systems increased rainfall across the region, although the depression dropped heavy rainfall close to its center when it moved ashore on October 15. Although Tropical Depression Sixteen quickly dissipated over land, its remnants persisted for several days. Another low-pressure area interacted with a cold front on October 21, adding to the rainfall in the region.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cyclone Manou</span> South-West Indian cyclone in 2003

Tropical Cyclone Manou was a relatively rare May tropical cyclone that affected southeastern Madagascar. The final named storm of the 2002–03 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season, Manou formed on May 2 to the southwest of Diego Garcia. It moved generally to the southwest for much of its duration, steered by a ridge to the southeast. Manou affected Saint Brandon and Mauritius with gusty winds. After an initial strengthening phase, the storm weakened but later re-intensified as it approached Madagascar. Manou developed a well-defined eye and reached peak winds only 19 km (12 mi) from the eastern Madagascar coastline. For about 12 hours, the cyclone stalled before turning to the south and weakening. Manou became extratropical on May 10 and dissipated three days later.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cyclone Hudah</span> South-West Indian and Australian cyclone in 2000

Very Intense Tropical Cyclone Hudah was a powerful and destructive tropical cyclone that affected Southeast Africa in April 2000. It was the last in a series of three cyclones that impacted Madagascar during the year. Hudah first developed as a disturbance embedded within the monsoon trough on 22 March, within the Australian region cyclone basin. Moving westward as the result of a strong subtropical ridge to its south, the storm quickly intensified, and reached Category 2 cyclone intensity on 25 March before entering the Southwest Indian cyclone basin. For various reasons that remain unknown, the cyclone was only designated a name by the time it had crossed into the area of responsibility of the Regional Specialized Meteorological Center in Réunion. Nonetheless, Météo-France (MFR) assigned the name Hudah to the cyclone. An eye formed, and the storm intensified into a tropical cyclone on 27 March well to the southeast of Diego Garcia. On 1 April, the MFR upgraded it to a very intense tropical cyclone, estimating peak 10-minute winds of 225 km/h (140 mph). By contrast, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) estimated 1-minute winds of 235 km/h (146 mph). At this time, the MFR estimated the pressure to have been 905 hPa (mbar), making Hudah the most intense tropical cyclone worldwide in 2000. Cyclone Hudah maintained peak winds until making landfall just southeast of Antalaha, Madagascar on 2 April. It weakened greatly over land, but re-attained tropical cyclone status on 5 April after moving over the Mozambique Channel. Hudah reached 10-minute winds of 160 km/h (99 mph) by the time it made landfall on Mozambique near Pebane, Mozambique, on 8 April, and dissipated by the next day.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cyclone Haruna</span> South-West Indian tropical cyclone in 2013

Tropical Cyclone Haruna was a deadly storm that produced widespread flooding and a disease outbreak in southwestern Madagascar. The ninth system of the season, Haruna developed in the Mozambique channel in the middle of February 2013 between Mozambique and southwestern Madagascar. Initially moving northward over Mozambique, the disturbance later moved slowly southward, gradually strengthening into the eighth named storm of the season and later into an intense tropical cyclone. The Météo-France office in Réunion (MFR) – the official Regional Specialized Meteorological Center in the basin – estimated the cyclone attained peak 10 minute sustained winds of 150 km/h (95 mph). Haruna made landfall near Morombe in southwestern Madagascar on February 22. It weakened significantly while crossing the country, and MFR discontinued advisories on February 24 after the storm had emerged into the Indian Ocean.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2003 Sri Lanka cyclone</span> Tropical cyclone

In May 2003, a tropical cyclone officially called Very Severe Cyclonic Storm BOB 01 produced the worst flooding in Sri Lanka in 56 years. The first storm of the 2003 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, it developed over the Bay of Bengal on May 10. Favorable environmental conditions allowed the system to intensify steadily while moving northwestward. The storm reached peak maximum sustained winds of 140 km/h (85 mph) on May 13, making it a very severe cyclonic storm according to the India Meteorological Department (IMD), which is the official Regional Specialized Meteorological Center for the basin. The cyclone drifted north over the central Bay of Bengal, gradually weakening due to heightened wind shear. Turning eastward, the storm deteriorated to a deep depression on May 16 before it curved northeastward and re-intensified into a cyclonic storm. It came ashore in western Myanmar and dissipated over land the following day.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2004 Myanmar cyclone</span> North Indian tropical cyclone in 2004

The 2004 Myanmar cyclone was considered the worst to strike the country since 1968. The second tropical cyclone of the 2004 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, it formed as a depression on May 16 in the central Bay of Bengal. With low wind shear and a surge in the monsoon trough, the storm intensified while meandering over open waters. The storm eventually began a steady northeastward motion due to a ridge to the north over India. While approaching land, an eye developed in the center of the storm, indicative of a strong cyclone. On May 19, the cyclone made landfall along northwestern Myanmar near Sittwe, with maximum sustained winds estimated at 165 km/h (105 mph) by the India Meteorological Department. The storm rapidly weakened over land, although its remnants spread rainfall into northern Thailand and Yunnan province in China.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Early 2000 Madagascar floods</span>

In early 2000, severe flooding occurred in the African nation of Madagascar after Cyclone Leon–Eline and Severe Tropical Storm Gloria struck the nation within a two-week period. The first storm, Eline, formed on February 1, and took an extended track across the Indian Ocean, eventually making landfall near Mahanoro on February 17. On March 1, Gloria struck northeastern Madagascar, and like Eline, moved southwestward across the country.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tropical Storm Chedza</span>

Severe Tropical Storm Chedza was a deadly tropical cyclone that struck Madagascar in January 2015. It formed from the Intertropical Convergence Zone and moved over Mozambique, After moving open waters, the system began organizing on January 14, becoming Tropical Storm Chedza two days later. It quickly intensified over the Mozambique Channel due to warm waters and favorable conditions, and the storm attained peak 10 minute sustained winds of 100 km/h (60 mph) on January 16. That day, Chedza moved ashore western Madagascar between Belo sur Mer and Morondava, and it quickly crossed the island while weakening. The storm briefly re-intensified, passing southwest of Réunion before turning to the southeast. Chedza became extratropical on January 19, and was last noted two days later.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cyclone Chapala</span> North Indian cyclone in 2015

Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm Chapala was a powerful tropical cyclone that caused moderate damage in Somalia and Yemen during November 2015. Chapala was the third named storm of the 2015 North Indian Ocean cyclone season. It developed as a depression on 28 October off western India, and strengthened a day later into a cyclonic storm. Chapala then rapidly intensified amid favorable conditions. On 30 October, the India Meteorological Department (IMD) estimated that Chapala attained peak three-minute sustained winds of 215 km/h (135 mph). The American-based Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) estimated sustained winds of 240 km/h (150 mph), making Chapala among the strongest cyclones on record in the Arabian Sea. After peak intensity, Chapala skirted the Yemeni island of Socotra on 1 November, becoming the first hurricane-force storm there since 1922. High winds and heavy rainfall resulted in an island-wide power outage, and severe damage was compounded by Cyclone Megh, which struck Yemen a week later.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cyclone Komen</span> North Indian cyclone in 2015

Cyclonic Storm Komen was an unusual tropical cyclone that originated near the southern coast of Bangladesh and later struck the same country while drifting over the northern Bay of Bengal. The second named storm of the 2015 season, Komen brought several days of heavy rainfall to Myanmar, Bangladesh, and India. It formed as a depression on July 26 over the Ganges delta and moved in a circular motion around the northern Bay of Bengal. Komen intensified into a 75 km/h (45 mph) cyclonic storm and moved ashore southeastern Bangladesh on July 30. The system turned westward over land and was last noted over eastern India on August 2.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cyclone Sagar</span> Tropical cyclone which made landfall in Somalia and Somaliland

Cyclonic Storm Sagar was the strongest tropical cyclone to make landfall in Somalia and Somaliland in recorded history until Gati in 2020, and the first named cyclone of the 2018 North Indian Ocean cyclone season. Forming on May 16 east of the Guardafui Channel, Sagar intensified into a cyclonic storm on the next day, as it gradually organized. The storm turned to the west-southwest and traversed the entirety of the Gulf of Aden, making landfall over Somaliland on May 19, farther west than any other storm on record in the North Indian Ocean. Sagar weakened into a remnant low on May 20.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cyclone Idai</span> South-West Indian Ocean cyclone in 2019

Intense Tropical Cyclone Idai was one of the worst tropical cyclones on record to affect Africa and the Southern Hemisphere. The long-lived storm caused catastrophic damage, and a humanitarian crisis in Mozambique, Zimbabwe, and Malawi, leaving more than 1,500 people dead and many more missing. Idai is the deadliest tropical cyclone recorded in the South-West Indian Ocean basin. In the Southern Hemisphere, which includes the Australian, South Pacific, and South Atlantic basins, Idai ranks as the second-deadliest tropical cyclone on record. The only system with a higher death toll is the 1973 Flores cyclone that killed 1,650 off the coast of Indonesia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tropical cyclones in Southern Africa</span> Storms affecting Tanzania, Mozambique, and South Africa

At least 30 tropical cyclones have affected the Southern African mainland. Three southeastern African countries border the Indian Ocean – Tanzania, Mozambique, and South Africa. Other inland countries also experience the effects of tropical cyclones, including Botswana, Eswatini, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Humanitarian response to Cyclone Freddy</span>

Many countries allocated relief aid items to southern Africa after Cyclone Freddy, with a main focus on the humanitarian crisis in Malawi. Items included hygiene supplies, food rations, and safe drinking water among other things Total donations reach the millions in USD, and there was also a primary focal point on the historic and ongoing outbreak of Cholera in the region. Several nations also expressed condolences to Malawi, Mozambique, and Madagascar. The widespread and prolonged impacts prompted extensive relief efforts from the affected nations and multiple intergovernmental agencies. UNICEF and the WFP provided relief items for those affected, as well as temporary shelters.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Cyclone Season 1999–2000. RSMC La Reunion (Report). Meteo-France. Retrieved 2014-07-15.
  2. ↑ Floods take a serious economic toll Archived 2007-01-11 at the Wayback Machine , Africa Recovery, 14(3):13
  3. ↑ Frances Christie and Joseph Halon (2001). Mozambique & the Great Flood of 2000. Indianan University Press. p. 16. ISBN   0-253-33978-2.
  4. ↑ "Mozambique - Floods OCHA Situation Report No. 1". United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. ReliefWeb. 2000-01-26. Retrieved 2014-10-07.
  5. 1 2 "Mozambique: Limpopo Flood Reaches Chokwe". ReliefWeb. Pan African News Agency. 2000-01-24. Retrieved 2014-10-07.
  6. 1 2 "Tropical storm threatens flood-ravaged Mozambique". Disaster Relief. 2000-02-18. Retrieved 2014-09-01.
  7. ↑ "Cyclone reaches Mozambique's southern Inhambane province". ReliefWeb. Agence France-Presse. 2000-02-21. Retrieved 2014-09-03.
  8. ↑ "Mozambique floods situation report 29 Feb 2000". US Fund for UNICEF. ReliefWeb. 2000-02-29. Retrieved 2014-09-08.
  9. ↑ "Floods Cut Main Highway In Three Places". ReliefWeb. Pan African News Agency. 2000-02-06. Retrieved 2014-10-07.
  10. ↑ Emelia Sithole (2000-02-23). "Mozambique's Chissano urges post-cyclone aid". ReliefWeb. Reuters. Retrieved 2014-09-04.
  11. 1 2 3 "Mozambique: Ross Mountain praised media's role and international solidarity floods". United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. ReliefWeb. 2000-03-17. Retrieved 2014-09-22.
  12. ↑ "Mozambique Emergency Bulletin 3: 07 Mar 2000". Save the Children. ReliefWeb. 2000-03-07. Retrieved 2014-09-19.
  13. ↑ "Mozambique's flood death toll rises to nearly 700". ReliefWeb. Agence France-Presse. 2000-04-03. Retrieved 2014-09-29.
  14. ↑ "Trocaire launches appeal for Mozambique flood victims". Trócaire. ReliefWeb. 2000-02-24. Retrieved 2014-09-06.
  15. ↑ Cynthia Long (2000-02-23). "Mozambique to appeal for aid in wake of Cyclone Eline". Disaster Relief. ReliefWeb. Retrieved 2014-09-06.
  16. 1 2 "The Netherlands gives 7 million guilders in aid to Mozambique". Government of the Netherlands. ReliefWeb. 2000-02-24. Retrieved 2014-09-04.
  17. ↑ "Mozambique - Floods OCHA Situation Report No. 20". United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. ReliefWeb. 2000-03-22. Retrieved 2014-09-22.
  18. ↑ "Mozambique Shudders Over Another Cyclone". ReliefWeb. Pan African News Agency. 2000-03-04. Retrieved 2014-09-18.
  19. ↑ "Too much, Too late: Aid now pours into Mozambique". ReliefWeb. Reuters. 2000-03-07. Retrieved 2014-09-19.
  20. ↑ "Italy: 10 billion liras earmarked to assist Mozambique". Government of Italy. ReliefWeb. 2000-02-25. Retrieved 2014-09-06.
  21. ↑ "Denmark allocates emergency flood aid to Mozambique". ReliefWeb. Agence France-Presse. 2000-03-01. Retrieved 2014-09-09.
  22. ↑ "Decision on extra money for Mozambique". Government of Sweden. ReliefWeb. 2000-02-28. Retrieved 2014-09-06.
  23. ↑ "Ireland to send half million euros to flood-hit Mozambique". ReliefWeb. Agence France-Presse. 2000-02-28. Retrieved 2014-09-06.
  24. ↑ "Portugal sends 40 tonnes of aid for flood-hit Mozambique". ReliefWeb. Agence France-Presse. 2000-02-28. Retrieved 2014-09-06.
  25. ↑ "Mozambique: Cruz Roja Española ha recaudado más de 100 millones de pesetas en cuatro días". Cruz Roja Española (in Spanish). ReliefWeb. 2000-03-01. Retrieved 2014-09-09.
  26. ↑ "Maria Minna Announces Additional $10 Million for Flood Victims in Mozambique". Canadian International Development Agency. ReliefWeb. 2000-03-08. Retrieved 2014-09-20.
  27. ↑ "USAID Provide 7 Million Food Aid to Mozambique". United States Agency for International Development. ReliefWeb. 2000-02-29. Retrieved 2014-09-08.
  28. ↑ Jim Garamone (2000-03-27). "U.S. Military Relief Effort in Mozambique Winds Down". American Forces Press Service. Archived from the original on 2014-09-12. Retrieved 2014-09-12.
  29. ↑ "European Commissioner Poul Nielson announces more than 25 Million Euro in aid for victims of the Mozambican floods". European Commission Humanitarian Aid department. ReliefWeb. 2000-03-03. Retrieved 2014-09-18.
  30. ↑ "Botswana Comes To The Rescue Of Zimbabwe, Mozambique". ReliefWeb. Pan African News Agency. 2000-02-29. Retrieved 2014-09-08.
  31. ↑ "Mauritius offers 100,000 dollars to Mozambique". ReliefWeb. Pan African News Agency. 2000-03-02. Retrieved 2014-09-11.
  32. ↑ "Ghana donates to Mozambique". ReliefWeb. Pan African News Agency. 2000-03-03. Retrieved 2014-09-18.
  33. ↑ "Australian Assistance for Mozambique Floods". Australian Agency for International Development. ReliefWeb. 2000-03-04. Retrieved 2014-09-18.
  34. ↑ "Saudi Arabia, Kuwait to send aid to Mozambique". ReliefWeb. Agence France-Presse. 2000-03-05. Retrieved 2014-09-18.
  35. ↑ "Concern: 300,000 people affected by floods in Mozambique". Concern Worldwide. ReliefWeb. 2000-02-28. Retrieved 2014-09-06.
  36. ↑ "Inondations - Médecins du Monde envoie une équipe d'urgence au Mozambique". Médecins Sans Frontières (in French). ReliefWeb. 2000-02-29. Retrieved 2014-09-08.
  37. ↑ "CARE receives $350,000 grant from Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation for Mozambique aid". CARE. ReliefWeb. 2000-03-07. Retrieved 2014-09-19.
  38. ↑ "Mozambique: Debt payments suspended". IRIN. ReliefWeb. 2000-03-16. Retrieved 2014-09-22.
  39. ↑ "Mozambique: Britain cancels debt in response to floods". IRIN. ReliefWeb. 2000-02-29. Retrieved 2014-09-08.
  40. ↑ "Italy plans to cancel 500 mln dlrs of Mozambique's debt". ReliefWeb. Agence France-Presse. 2000-03-02. Retrieved 2014-09-08.
  41. ↑ Mozambique - Floods OCHA Situation Report No. 9. United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (Report). ReliefWeb. 2000-02-24. Retrieved 2014-09-04.
  42. ↑ Mozambique - Floods OCHA Situation Report No. 10. United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (Report). ReliefWeb. 2000-02-27. Retrieved 2014-09-06.
  43. ↑ "More South African aircraft sent to aid flooded Mozambique". ReliefWeb. Agence France-Presse. 2000-02-29. Retrieved 2014-09-08.
  44. ↑ Raphael Tenthani (2000-02-26). "Malawi Helicopters Assist Mozambican". Pan African News Agency. ReliefWeb. Retrieved 2014-09-06.
  45. ↑ "Mozambique: Demand for more disaster assistance". IRIN. ReliefWeb. 2000-03-03. Retrieved 2014-09-12.
  46. ↑ "Germany boosts Mozambique aid, Italian MPS want intervention". ReliefWeb. Agence France-Presse. 2000-03-02. Retrieved 2014-09-12.
  47. ↑ Chris McGreal (2000-03-07). "Mozambique: Amid the filth, the first sign of disease". Mail and Guardian. ReliefWeb. Retrieved 2014-09-19.
  48. ↑ "Mozambique - Floods OCHA Situation Report No. 13". United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. ReliefWeb. 2000-03-03. Retrieved 2014-09-18.
  49. ↑ "Mozambique Floods: Concern expands emergency relief operation". Concern Worldwide. ReliefWeb. 2000-03-01. Retrieved 2014-09-09.
  50. ↑ "100 000 still trapped by waters and one million homeless". Mail and Guardian. ReliefWeb. 2000-03-02. Retrieved 2014-09-11.
  51. ↑ "Malaria kills 11 Mozambican flood survivors". ReliefWeb. Agence France-Presse. 2000-03-28. Retrieved 2014-09-22.
  52. ↑ "Corpses in water deadly Moz hazard". Mail and Guardian. ReliefWeb. 2000-03-07. Retrieved 2014-09-19.
  53. ↑ "Mozambique: WFP to take food to families marooned on rooftops". United Nations Department of Public Information. ReliefWeb. 2000-03-01. Retrieved 2014-09-09.
  54. ↑ "WFP Emergency Report No. 10 of 2000". World Food Programme. ReliefWeb. 2000-03-10. Retrieved 2014-07-23.
  55. ↑ "People fleeing Chokwe in case of renewed flooding". Médecins Sans Frontières. ReliefWeb. 2000-03-04. Retrieved 2014-09-19.
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