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All 167 seats in the National Assembly [1] 84 seats needed for a majority | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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Turnout | 74.04% | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Results by electoral districts | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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Parliamentary elections were held in Venezuela on 6 December 2015 [3] to elect the 164 deputies and three indigenous representatives of the National Assembly. They were the fourth parliamentary elections to take place after the 1999 constitution, which abolished the bicameral system in favour of a unicameral parliament, and the first to take place after the death of President Hugo Chávez. Despite predictions from the opposition of a possible last-minute cancellation, the elections took place as scheduled, with the majority of polls showing the Democratic Unity Roundtable (MUD) holding a wide lead over the ruling United Socialist Party of Venezuela (PSUV) and its wider alliance, the Great Patriotic Pole (GPP).
The political landscape leading up to the elections was heavily influenced by the severe economic crisis faced by the country, as well as a series of protests that took place in 2014, after which former Chacao mayor and leader of Popular Will, Leopoldo López, was detained and sentenced to 14 years in prison. The scarcity of basic goods and high inflation were the central topics of discussion, with each party blaming their opponent as the cause. Introducing economic policies to counter the crisis, as well as granting amnesty to political prisoners, was the main campaign pledge of the MUD. The ruling PSUV, on the other hand, ran a campaign focused on overcoming what they called an "economic war" led by the right-wing against the Venezuelan people, as well as defending the legacy of Chávez and the social policies introduced during his presidency.
The result was a decisive defeat for the PSUV, which lost control of the Assembly for the first time since 1999. [4] The MUD, composed of politicians opposed to the government of both Chávez and his successor, won 109 seats, and with the support of the three indigenous representatives, gained a supermajority of 112 seats against 55 won by the GPP. In terms of popular vote, the MUD received 7.7 million votes, an increase of 2.4 million from the 2010 elections, becoming the most voted party in Venezuelan electoral history. In comparison, the GPP only managed to gain an additional 200,000 votes, to total 5.6 million votes.
Since the 1999 Constitutional Assembly elections, the National Assembly was dominated by alliances supportive of President Hugo Chávez. In the 2005 parliamentary elections, most opposition parties decided to withdraw, resulting in all seats being won by the Fifth Republic Movement and other parties supportive of Chávez. For the 2010 elections, an alliance of opposition parties was formed by the Democratic Unity Roundtable to contest the elections, and managed to win 64 seats. The PSUV, which was an alliance formed by Chávez from the Fifth Republic Movement and a number of smaller parties, won 96 seats, maintaining their majority, but lost their two-thirds and three-fifths supermajority. Fatherland for All, a small left-wing party, won two seats. [5] After Chávez's death in 2013, his hand-picked successor Maduro was narrowly elected president, continuing Chávez' ideological influence. [6] In 2015, the Democratic Unity Roundtable alliance aimed to improve its result from last time and end the incumbent PSUV government, [7] while Maduro said he had faith in the voters giving the government a large majority. [8]
In 2014, a series of protests and demonstrations began in Venezuela. The protests have been attributed to inflation, violence and shortages in Venezuela. The protests have been largely peaceful, [9] though some have escalated and resulted in violence from both protesters and government forces. The government has accused the protests of being motivated by 'fascists' opposition leaders, capitalism and foreign influence, [10] and has itself been accused of censorship, supporting groups called colectivos using violence against protesters and politically motivated arrests. [11]
Starting from 2015, the 167 members of the National Assembly were elected by a mixed majoritarian system; 113 members were elected by First-past-the-post voting in 87 constituencies. A total of 51 seats were elected by closed list proportional representation based on the 23 states and the Capital District. Seats were allocated using the d'Hondt method. The remaining three seats were reserved for indigenous peoples, and were elected by the community.[ citation needed ]
The opposition coalition held primaries on 17 May in 33 of the 87 electoral districts, choosing candidates for 42 seats; 125 additional candidates were expected to be hand-picked by 'consensus' among party leaders, [12] though the rules were later changed to require 40% of opposition candidates to be women and barred some popular opposition candidates from running, a move that experts called unconstitutional. [13] The PSUV held primaries in all 87 electoral districts on 28 June with the Bolivarian government stating there was a participation of 3,162,400 voters,[ citation needed ] though some observing the primaries noticed a large decrease of voters to less than 1 million participating, or about 10% of PSUV members. [13]
Graphical summary
Poll results are listed in the tables below in chronological order and using the date the survey's fieldwork was done, as opposed to the date of publication. If such date is unknown, the date of publication is given instead. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed in bold, and the background shaded in the leading party's colour.
Polling firm | Fieldwork date | Sample size | PSUV/GPP | MUD | Others | Don't know | Lead |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IVAD [14] [15] | 29 September 2014 | 800 | 27.6% | 45.2% | – | 27.2% | 17.6% |
Consultores 21 [15] | 21 September – 2 October 2014 | 1000 | 33% | 48% | – | 15% | |
Datanálisis [16] | October 2014 | 1293 | 21.0% | 38.9% | 12.9% | 17.5% | 17.9% |
Datanálisis [16] | November 2014 | 1300 | 18.8% | 39.8% | 15.5% | 17.5% | 21% |
VARIANZAS [17] [18] | 8–23 December 2014 | 1200 | 30.3% | 43.9% | 4.9% [note 1] | 20.9% [note 2] | 13.6% |
Datanálisis [16] | January 2015 | 1000 | 17.3% | 45.9% | 13.8% | 17.4% | 28.6% |
Keller y Asociados [19] | January 2015 | 1200 | 44% | 56% | – | – | 12% |
Meganalisis [20] | 25 January 2015 | – | 21.0% | 29.0% | – | 26.8% | 8% |
Datanálisis [21] | February 2015 | ? | 22.5% | 59.6% | 17.9% | – | 37.1% |
ICS [22] | 10–20 February 2015 | 1300 | 43.6% | 31.6% | – | 24.8% | 12% |
DatinCorp [23] | 8 February 2015 | 1200 | 23.83% | 47.83% | – | 17% [note 3] | 24% |
Datanálisis [16] [24] | March 2015 | 1000 | 19.0% | 42.6% | 8.8% | 21.3% | 23.6% |
Keller y Asociados [25] | 26 February – 13 March 2015 | 1200 | 31% | 42% | 11% | 16% | 11% |
Datanálisis [16] | April 2015 | 1000 | 25.0% | 45.8% | 6.5% | 16.5% | 20.8% |
VARIANZAS [26] | 19 March – 2 April 2015 | 1200 | 33.7% | 46.1% | 7.8% | 12.5% | 12.4% |
UCAB/Delphos [27] | 10–25 April 2015 | 1200 | 15.5% | 39.2% | – | 45.7% [note 4] | 23.7% |
Hercón [28] | 1–15 May 2015 | 1200 | 28% | 52% | – | 19.8% [note 5] | 24% |
DatinCorp [29] | May 2015 | 1200 | 18% | 48% | 21% | 14% [note 3] | 30% |
Datanálisis [30] | 18–30 May 2015 | 1000 | 21.3% | 40.1% | 10.0% | 28.6% | 18.8% |
Meganalisis [20] | 30 May 2015 | – | 19.5% | 17.6% | – | 28.7% | 1.9% |
IVAD [31] | 28 May – 11 June 2015 | 1200 | 20.8% | 32.6% | 27.6 | 19% [note 6] | 11.8% |
Datanálisis [32] | June 2015 | ? | 27% | 61% | 12% | – | 34% |
Hercón [33] | 20–27 June 2015 | 2000 | 28.1% | 61.1% | – | 10.5% | 33% |
ICS [34] | 6–27 July 2015 | 8000 (500 per state) | 45.3% | 37.6% | – | 17.1% | 7.7% |
Datanálisis [16] [35] | 10–23 July 2015 | 999 | 19.2% | 42.2% | 11.8% | 17.5% | 23% |
DatinCorp [36] | July 2015 | 1197 | 20% | 42% | 14% | 23% [note 7] | 22% |
Meganalisis [37] | August 2015 | – | 16.3% | 42.4% | – | 13.0% | 26.1% |
IVAD [38] | 8–16 August 2015 | 1200 | 19.3% | 57.9% | – | 22.8% | 38.6% |
Keller y Asociados [39] | 19 August – 5 September 2015 | 1200 | 27% | 53% | 11% | 9% | 26% |
Datanálisis [40] | September 2015 | – | 21% | 44% | 35% | – | 23% |
DatinCorp [41] | September 2015 | – | 20% | 53% | – | 33% | |
Delphos | September 2015 | – | 20% | 50% | 20% | 10% | 30% |
Meganalisis [37] | September 2015 | – | 26.7% | 37.6% | – | 35.7% | 10.9% |
Venebarómetro/IVAD [42] | 5–15 September 2015 | 1200 | 17.1% | 38.3% | 28.0% | 16.7% | 21.2% |
Hercon [43] | 13–16 September 2015 | 1000 | 22.3% | 60.1% | 13.0% | 4.6% | 37.8% |
Consultores 21 [44] | 4–20 September 2015 | – | 35.8% | 57.8% | 3.7% | – | 22% |
Hercon [45] | 5–20 September 2015 | 1200 | 30.3% | 62.3% | – | 7.3% | 32% |
Consultores 21 [46] | October 2015 | – | 34% | 55% | – | 21% | |
Datanálisis [47] | October 2015 | – | 28.2% | 63.2% | – | 35% | |
DatinCorp [48] | October 2015 | – | 20% | 47% | – | 27% | |
DatinCorp [49] | October 2015 | – | 39% | 56% | – | 17% | |
IVAD [50] | October 2015 | – | 22.1% | 41.8% | [note 1] | 19.7% | |
Venebarómetro [51] | 11 October 2015 | – | 19.9% | 43.7% | – | 26.5% | 23.8% |
Keller y Asociados [52] | 5–15 November 2015 | 1200 | 25% | 59% | 11% | 6% | 34% |
IVAD [53] | 10–20 November 2015 | 1200 | 27.8% | 43.0% | 11.3% | 17.8% | 15.2% |
Venebarómetro [54] | 8–22 November 2015 | 1200 | 27.6% | 42.7% | 11.1% | 18.7% | 15.1% |
Hercón [55] | 10–25 November 2015 | 1200 | 31.6% | 60.1% | – | 8.2% | 28.5% |
Meganalisis [56] | 18–26 November 2015 | 1200 | 28% | 63% | 6% | 3% | 35% |
This section may lend undue weight to certain ideas, incidents, or controversies. Please help to create a more balanced presentation. Discuss and resolve this issue before removing this message. (February 2024) |
Leading up to the elections, serious issues have been raised about its fairness and credibility. [57] On 10 October 2015, Brazil pulled out of a UNASUR electoral mission to observe the Venezuelan election over what it said a lack of guarantees by the socialist government and its veto of the choice to head the delegation. [58] In a statement on 10 November 2015, Secretary General of the Organization of American States Luis Almagro condemned Venezuela's electoral process, explaining that the ruling party, PSUV, has an unfair advantage with its ability to use public assets, media access, creating dubious voting sheets and by disqualifying opposition politicians, stating that "It's worrying that ... the difficulties only impact the opposition parties". [59]
After the election, the opposition MUD coalition was accused of vote-buying in the state of Amazonas.[ citation needed ] The Supreme Court suspended all four Amazonas delegates (one socialist and three opposition). [60] As of May 2018, these claims have not been proven. [61]
The United States has sought to influence Venezuelan political direction since the 1950s. For the 2015 elections this included mobilising through digital means. [62] Prior to the elections, the National Endowment for Democracy (NED) provided a grant to National Democratic Institute (NDI) for a project called "Venezuela: Improved Training and Communications Skills for Political Activists". [63] After a Freedom of Information Act request from Jacobin, NED provided documents detailing that about $300,000 were granted to the NDI to assist the Venezuelan opposition with workshops to coach politicians and activists on political messaging, especially on social media. [63] The program focused on using Facebook as a means of building support for the opposition; a database of voters was collected and targeted advertising on social media was utilized to swing government supporters vote for the opposition. [63] The NED said that the program was necessary to combat the Venezuelan government's control of the media in Venezuela and that social media was less susceptible to censorship. [63]
The project was first implemented in the 2013 Venezuelan municipal elections and determined to successfully interact with more voters, with the program subsequently being used for the 2015 parliamentary elections. [63] The NDI claimed credit for the opposition's victory in the elections. [63]
The MUD won 109 of the 164 general seats and all three indigenous seats, which gave them a supermajority in the National Assembly, while the GPP won the remaining 55 seats. Voter turnout was just over 74 percent. [3]
The Great Patriotic Pole coalition led by the PSUV received 5,625,248 votes (40.92%) in the party-list vote. A total of 29 parties were members of the coalition, although six of them ran separately in some states.
Party | Party-list | Constituency | Total seats | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Votes | % | Seats | Votes | % | Seats | |||
Democratic Unity Roundtable | 7,728,025 | 56.21 | 28 | 81 | 109 | |||
United Socialist Party of Venezuela | 5,203,487 | 37.85 | 23 | 32 | 55 | |||
Communist Party of Venezuela | 114,343 | 0.83 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
New Vision for My Country | 104,468 | 0.76 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Tupamaro | 82,188 | 0.60 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Red Flag Party | 61,700 | 0.45 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Fatherland for All | 56,199 | 0.41 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
National Integration Movement–Unity | 50,434 | 0.37 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Movement for Socialism | 37,405 | 0.27 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Community Change Response Networks | 33,663 | 0.24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
For Social Democracy | 29,647 | 0.22 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Independent Solidarity | 23,075 | 0.17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Independent Party of Zulia | 22,771 | 0.17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Unidad Democracia Renovadora | 21,857 | 0.16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
People's Electoral Movement | 18,678 | 0.14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Venezuelan Popular Unity | 16,286 | 0.12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Revolutionary New Path | 12,209 | 0.09 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Ecological Movement of Venezuela | 11,847 | 0.09 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Independents for National Community | 10,220 | 0.07 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Authentic Renewal Organization | 7,489 | 0.05 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Venezuelan Revolutionary Currents | 7,383 | 0.05 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Republican Bicentennial Vanguard | 7,362 | 0.05 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Alliance for Change | 7,106 | 0.05 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Revolutionary Party of Work | 6,303 | 0.05 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Democratic Unity | 5,924 | 0.04 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Organised Youth of Venezuela | 5,849 | 0.04 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Organized Socialist Party in Venezuela | 5,049 | 0.04 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Organizados para Gobernar Gente Nueva | 4,349 | 0.03 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Labour Movement | 3,965 | 0.03 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Free Voters | 3,857 | 0.03 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Democratic Republican Union | 3,471 | 0.03 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Sovereign Unity | 3,304 | 0.02 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
National Opinion | 3,274 | 0.02 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
United Youth in National Action with Bimba | 2,737 | 0.02 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Movimiento Conciencia de Pais | 2,582 | 0.02 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Think Democracy | 2,536 | 0.02 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
United Democratic Party for Peace and Liberty | 2,196 | 0.02 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Allied Democrats of Free Expression | 2,190 | 0.02 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Independent People | 1,994 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
New Social Order | 1,796 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
We Continue to Carabobo | 1,755 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Labour Power | 1,562 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Workers' Party | 1,295 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Socialism and Liberty Party | 1,229 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Intercultural Pluriethnic Movement of Venezuela | 1,125 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Venezuelan Independent Will Voters | 1,001 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Good Land | 882 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Renovación en Democracia Nacimiento Alternativo | 848 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
New Majority | 727 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Independent Movement for the Love of Monagas | 712 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
PORESTA | 683 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Movement 100 | 635 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Alpha Project | 582 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Independent Merideños Progressives | 531 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
People on the Street | 525 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
United Multi-Ethnic Peoples of Amazonas | 516 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
New Socialist Generation | 495 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
People of Vargas | 488 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Sixth Republic | 482 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Socialist Revolutionary Unity | 467 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Sucre Awakens Liberation Movement | 426 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Socialist Renewal Movement | 275 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
New Pact | 253 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
VTV | 379 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Labor Party Towards Socialism | 155 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Organised Independent Party | 86 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Revolucionario Independiente Organizado Social | 59 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Everyone United for Amazonas | 59 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Indigenous seats | 3 | |||||||
Total | 13,747,450 | 100.00 | 51 | 113 | 167 | |||
Valid votes | 13,747,450 | 95.23 | ||||||
Invalid/blank votes | 688,138 | 4.77 | ||||||
Total votes | 14,435,588 | 100.00 | ||||||
Registered voters/turnout | 19,496,365 | 74.04 | ||||||
Source: CNE |
States/districts won by the MUD |
States/districts won by the GPP |
State | MUD | GPP | Others | Margin | State total | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | ||
Capital District | 662,926 | 57.23% | 460,871 | 39.79% | 34,443 | 2.97% | 202,055 | 17.45% | 1,158,240 |
Amazonas | 33,069 | 49.81% | 30,868 | 46.49% | 2,447 | 3.69% | 2,201 | 3.32% | 66,384 |
Anzoátegui | 451,973 | 59.34% | 288,789 | 37.91% | 20,890 | 2.74% | 163,184 | 21.43% | 761,652 |
Apure | 93,666 | 44.79% | 110,834 | 53.00% | 4,611 | 2.21% | −17,168 | −8.21% | 209,111 |
Aragua | 468,964 | 54.07% | 375,304 | 43.27% | 22,975 | 2.75% | 94,660 | 10.80% | 867,243 |
Barinas | 217,630 | 55.68% | 166,471 | 42.59% | 6,694 | 1.71% | 51,159 | 13.09% | 390,795 |
Bolívar | 387,771 | 59.57% | 242,849 | 37.30% | 20,309 | 3.12% | 144,922 | 22.26% | 650,929 |
Carabobo | 644,642 | 58.57% | 439,195 | 39.91% | 16,619 | 1.51% | 205,447 | 18.67% | 1,100,456 |
Cojedes | 77,395 | 46.39% | 87,585 | 52.50% | 1,826 | 1.09% | −10,190 | −6.11% | 166,806 |
Delta Amacuro | 27,087 | 36.20% | 43,813 | 58.55% | 3,922 | 5.24% | −16,726 | −22.35% | 74,822 |
Falcón | 252,620 | 54.14% | 196,425 | 42.10% | 17,484 | 3.75% | 56,195 | 12.05% | 466,529 |
Guárico | 168,934 | 48.35% | 175,857 | 50.33% | 4,588 | 1.31% | −6,923 | −1.98% | 349,379 |
Lara | 504,122 | 54.67% | 388,685 | 42.15% | 29,184 | 3.17% | 115,437 | 12.52% | 921,991 |
Mérida | 280,251 | 63.33% | 145,585 | 32.89% | 16,676 | 3.77% | 134,666 | 30.43% | 442,512 |
Miranda | 838,292 | 58.96% | 546,718 | 38.45% | 36,762 | 2.59% | 291,574 | 20.51% | 1,421,772 |
Monagas | 227,635 | 51.55% | 201,182 | 45.56% | 12,705 | 2.88% | 26,453 | 5.99% | 441,522 |
Nueva Esparta | 151,122 | 60.89% | 93,365 | 37.62% | 3,692 | 1.49% | 57,757 | 23.27% | 248,179 |
Portuguesa | 186,905 | 43.96% | 228,409 | 53.72% | 9,833 | 2.31% | −41,504 | −9.76% | 424,774 |
Sucre | 201,753 | 49.04% | 196,080 | 47.66% | 13,548 | 3.29% | 5,673 | 1.38% | 411,381 |
Táchira | 392,709 | 65.55% | 175,103 | 29.23% | 31,229 | 5.21% | 217,606 | 36.33% | 599,041 |
Trujillo | 180,300 | 49.48% | 168,503 | 46.25% | 15,525 | 4.26% | 11,797 | 3.24% | 364,328 |
Vargas | 99,734 | 52.27% | 85,453 | 44.78% | 5,609 | 2.94% | 14,281 | 7.48% | 190,796 |
Yaracuy | 148,481 | 48.09% | 156,601 | 50.71% | 3,674 | 1.19% | −8,120 | −2.63% | 308,756 |
Zulia | 1,030,044 | 60.24% | 620,703 | 36.30% | 58,932 | 3.45% | 409,341 | 23.94% | 1,709,679 |
Total | 7,728,025 | 56.21% | 5,625,248 | 40.92% | 394,177 | 2.87% | 2,102,777 | 15.30% | 13,747,450 |
Source: CNE |
N.º | Representative | State | Party |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Nirma Guarulla | Amazonas | MUD |
2 | Julio Haron Ygarza | Amazonas | MUD |
3 | Luis Carlos Padilla | Anzoátegui | MUD |
4 | Antonio Barreto Sira | Anzoátegui | MUD |
5 | José Brito | Anzoátegui | MUD |
6 | Chaim Bucaran | Anzoátegui | MUD |
7 | Carlos Michelangeli | Anzoátegui | MUD |
8 | Richard Arteaga | Anzoátegui | MUD |
9 | Armando Armas | Anzoátegui | MUD |
10 | Luis Lippa | Apure | MUD |
11 | Dinorah Figuera | Aragua | MUD |
12 | Ismael García | Aragua | MUD |
13 | José Trujillo | Aragua | MUD |
14 | Amelia Belisario | Aragua | MUD |
15 | Melva Paredes | Aragua | MUD |
16 | Karin Salanova | Aragua | MUD |
17 | Simón Calzadilla | Aragua | MUD |
18 | Mariela Magallanes | Aragua | MUD |
19 | Julio César Reyes | Barinas | MUD |
20 | Freddy Superlano | Barinas | MUD |
21 | Adolfo Superlano | Barinas | MUD |
22 | Maribel Guedez | Barinas | MUD |
23 | Andres Eloy Camejo | Barinas | MUD |
24 | Ángel Medina | Bolívar | MUD |
25 | Luis Silva | Bolívar | MUD |
26 | Olivia Lozano | Bolívar | MUD |
27 | Francisco Sucre | Bolívar | MUD |
28 | José Prat | Bolívar | MUD |
29 | Freddy Valera | Bolívar | MUD |
30 | Américo de Grazia | Bolívar | MUD |
31 | Carlos Berrizbeitia | Carabobo | MUD |
32 | Juan Miguel Matheus | Carabobo | MUD |
33 | Ylidio de Abreu | Carabobo | MUD |
34 | Williams Gil | Carabobo | MUD |
35 | Ángel Álvarez | Carabobo | MUD |
36 | Marco Bozo | Carabobo | MUD |
37 | Romny Flores | Carabobo | MUD |
38 | Carlos Lozano | Carabobo | MUD |
39 | Dennis Fernández | Cojedes | MUD |
40 | José Antonio España | Delta Amacuro | MUD |
41 | Gregorio Graterol | Falcón | MUD |
42 | Luis Stefanelli | Falcón | MUD |
43 | Eliezer Sirit | Falcón | MUD |
44 | Juan Manaure | Falcón | MUD |
45 | Carlos Prosperi | Guárico | MUD |
46 | Edgar Zambrano | Lara | MUD |
47 | María Perez | Lara | MUD |
48 | Bolivia Suarez | Lara | MUD |
49 | Luis Florido | Lara | MUD |
50 | Alfonso Marquina | Lara | MUD |
51 | Teodoro Campos | Lara | MUD |
52 | Milagro Valero | Mérida | MUD |
53 | Alexis Paparoni | Mérida | MUD |
54 | Addy Valero | Mérida | MUD |
55 | Williams Davila | Mérida | MUD |
56 | Carlos Paparoni | Mérida | MUD |
57 | Julio Borges | Miranda | MUD |
58 | Luis Moreno | Miranda | MUD |
59 | Delsa Solórzano | Miranda | MUD |
60 | Freddy Guevara | Miranda | MUD |
61 | Miguel Pizarro | Miranda | MUD |
62 | Adriana D'Elia | Miranda | MUD |
63 | Rafael Guzmán | Miranda | MUD |
64 | José Aparicio | Monagas | MUD |
65 | Pierre Maroun | Monagas | MUD |
66 | María Hernandez | Monagas | MUD |
67 | Juan Pablo García | Monagas | MUD |
68 | Tobias Bolívar | Nueva Esparta | MUD |
69 | Luis Emilio Rondón | Nueva Esparta | MUD |
70 | Orlando Avila | Nueva Esparta | MUD |
71 | Jony Rahal | Nueva Esparta | MUD |
72 | María Martínez | Portuguesa | MUD |
73 | Robert Alcalá | Sucre | MUD |
74 | José Noriega | Sucre | MUD |
75 | Milagros Paz | Sucre | MUD |
76 | Ezequiel Pérez | Táchira | MUD |
77 | Sonia Medina | Táchira | MUD |
78 | Laidy Gómez | Táchira | MUD |
79 | Gaby Arellano | Táchira | MUD |
80 | Juan Requesens | Táchira | MUD |
81 | Sergio Vergara | Táchira | MUD |
82 | Carlos Gonzalez | Trujillo | MUD |
83 | Conrado Pérez | Trujillo | MUD |
84 | José Olivares | Vargas | MUD |
85 | Milagros Eulate | Vargas | MUD |
86 | Juan Guaidó | Vargas | MUD |
87 | Biagio Pilieri | Yaracuy | MUD |
88 | Luis Parra | Yaracuy | MUD |
89 | Enrique Márquez | Zulia | MUD |
90 | Timoteo Zambrano | Zulia | MUD |
91 | Omar Barboza | Zulia | MUD |
92 | Avilio Troconiz | Zulia | MUD |
93 | Elimar Díaz | Zulia | MUD |
94 | Nora Bracho | Zulia | MUD |
95 | Elías Matta | Zulia | MUD |
96 | Juan Pablo Guanipa | Zulia | MUD |
97 | William Barrientos | Zulia | MUD |
98 | José Luis Pirela | Zulia | MUD |
99 | Hernán Alemán | Zulia | MUD |
100 | Juan Carlos Velazco | Zulia | MUD |
101 | Freddy Paz | Zulia | MUD |
102 | Tomás Guanipa | Distrito Capital | MUD |
103 | Jesús Abreu | Distrito Capital | MUD |
104 | Marialbert Barrios | Distrito Capital | MUD |
105 | Jorge Millan | Distrito Capital | MUD |
106 | Henry Ramos Allup | Distrito Capital | MUD |
107 | José Guerra | Distrito Capital | MUD |
108 | Richard Blanco | Distrito Capital | MUD |
109 | Stalin González | Distrito Capital | MUD |
110 | Virgilio Ferrer | Indigenous Representative West Region | MUD |
111 | Gladys Guaipo | Indigenous Representative East Region | MUD |
112 | Romel Guzamana | Indigenous Representative South Region | MUD |
1 | Miguel Tadeo | Amazonas | PSUV |
2 | Earle Herrera | Anzoátegui | PSUV |
3 | Cristobal Jiménez | Apure | PSUV |
4 | Domingo Santana | Apure | PSUV |
5 | Gerson Vizcaino | Apure | PSUV |
6 | Héctor Zambrano | Apure | PSUV |
7 | Ricardo Molina | Aragua | PSUV |
8 | Asdrúbal Chávez | Barinas | PSUV |
9 | Héctor Rodríguez | Bolívar | PSUV |
10 | Saúl Ortega | Carabobo | PSUV |
11 | Hector Agüero | Carabobo | PSUV |
12 | Cilia Flores | Cojedes | PSUV |
13 | Jorge Pérez | Cojedes | PSUV |
14 | Nosliw Rodríguez | Cojedes | PSUV |
15 | Pedro Carreño | Delta Amacuro | PSUV |
16 | Carlos Gómez | Delta Amacuro | PSUV |
17 | Amado Heredia | Delta Amacuro | PSUV |
18 | Victor Clark | Falcón | PSUV |
19 | Jesús Montilla | Falcón | PSUV |
20 | Óscar Figuera | Guárico | PSUV |
21 | Christopher Constant | Guárico | PSUV |
22 | Eustoquio Contreras | Guárico | PSUV |
23 | Juan Marín | Guárico | PSUV |
24 | Roger Cordero Lara | Guárico | PSUV |
25 | Carmen Meléndez | Lara | PSUV |
26 | Julio Chávez | Lara | PSUV |
27 | Germán Ferrer | Lara | PSUV |
28 | Ramón Lobo | Mérida | PSUV |
29 | Haiman El Troudi | Miranda | PSUV |
30 | Nora Delgado | Miranda | PSUV |
31 | Elías Jaua | Miranda | PSUV |
32 | Genkerve Tovar | Miranda | PSUV |
33 | Elio Serrano | Miranda | PSUV |
34 | Diosdado Cabello | Monagas | PSUV |
35 | Hugo Carvajal | Monagas | PSUV |
36 | Dinorah Villasmil | Nueva Esparta | PSUV |
37 | Rafael Calles | Portuguesa | PSUV |
38 | Mariana Lerin | Portuguesa | PSUV |
39 | Luis Soteldo | Portuguesa | PSUV |
40 | Willian Pérez | Portuguesa | PSUV |
41 | Francisco Torrealba | Portuguesa | PSUV |
42 | Gilberto Pinto | Sucre | PSUV |
43 | Edwin Rojas | Sucre | PSUV |
44 | Rafael Rodríguez | Sucre | PSUV |
45 | José Sanguino | Táchira | PSUV |
46 | Hugbel Roa | Trujillo | PSUV |
47 | Yolmar Gudiño | Trujillo | PSUV |
48 | Loengri Matheus | Trujillo | PSUV |
49 | Darío Vivas | Vargas | PSUV |
50 | Yul Jabour | Yaracuy | PSUV |
51 | Carlos Gamarra | Yaracuy | PSUV |
52 | Haydee Huerfano | Yaracuy | PSUV |
53 | Omar Prieto | Zulia | PSUV |
54 | Sergio Fuenmayor | Zulia | PSUV |
55 | Tania Díaz | Distrito Capital | PSUV |
According to the Associated Press, celebrations and fireworks could be heard in the streets of Caracas following the MUD victory. [64] In a speech following the results, President Maduro acknowledged his party's defeat, saying that, despite these "adverse results", Venezuela's democracy and constitution had triumphed; while calling for peace, re-evaluation, he attributed the opposition's victory to an intensification of the "economic war". [64] [65] A defiant Maduro said he would give no quarter to the Venezuelan opposition in spite of his own party's crushing defeat in last weekend's mid-term parliamentary elections. Maduro vowed to block "the counter-revolutionary right" from taking over the country. "We won't let it," he said. [4] The leader of the MUD, Jesús Torrealba, told supporters after their party's victory that "The country wants change and that change is beginning today". [64] Henrique Capriles Radonski, a leading opposition politician, stated "The results are as we hoped. Venezuela has won. It's irreversible". [65]
Venezuelan bonds grew across the board about one to three cents after the announcement of MUD's victory in the elections, with one researcher at Exotix brokerage stating, "It's better than we expected. Polls suggested a victory but whether that translated into seats was another question. Also, (the government) seem to have accepted the result". [66]
Mauricio Macri, president-elect of Argentina, had announced that he would request to remove Venezuela from Mercosur, as the government was not respecting democratic doctrines. He declined this plan when Maduro acknowledged the defeat of his party. [67] However, a year after the election, on 1 December 2016, Venezuela was suspended from Mercosur. [68]
The politics of Venezuela occurs in a framework explained in Government of Venezuela.
The Supreme Justice Tribunal is the highest court of law in the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela and is the head of the judicial branch. As the independence of the Venezuelan judiciary under the regime of Nicolás Maduro is questioned, there have recently been many disputes as to whether this court is legitimate.
Elections in Venezuela are held at a national level for the President of Venezuela as head of state and head of government, and for a unicameral legislature. The President of Venezuela is elected for a six-year term by direct election plurality voting, and is eligible for re-election. The National Assembly (Asamblea Nacional) has 165 members (diputados), elected for five-year terms using a mixed-member majoritarian representation system. Elections also take place at state level and local level.
The United Socialist Party of Venezuela is a left-wing to far-left socialist political party which has been the ruling party of Venezuela since 2007. It was formed from a merger of some of the political and social forces that support the Bolivarian Revolution led by President Hugo Chávez.
The 2010 parliamentary election in Venezuela took place on 26 September 2010 to elect the 165 deputies to the National Assembly. Venezuelan opposition parties, which had boycotted the previous election thus allowing the governing Fifth Republic Movement (MVR) to gain a two-thirds super majority, participated in the election through the Coalition for Democratic Unity (MUD). In 2007 the Fifth Republic Movement dissolved and the United Socialist Party of Venezuela was formed as the leading government party. Nationally, the popular vote was split equally between PSUV and MUD, but PSUV won a majority of the first-past-the-post seats and consequently retained a substantial majority in the Assembly, although falling short of both two-thirds and three-fifths super majority marks.
Henri Falcón Fuentes is a Venezuelan politician. He was mayor for two consecutive terms of Barquisimeto, Iribarren Municipality (2000–2008) and governor of Lara State (2008–2017). He was a candidate in the 2018 Venezuelan presidential election.
The Democratic Unity Roundtable was a catch-all electoral coalition of Venezuelan political parties formed in January 2008 to unify the opposition to President Hugo Chávez's United Socialist Party of Venezuela in the 2010 Venezuelan parliamentary election. A previous opposition umbrella group, the Coordinadora Democrática, had collapsed after the failure of the 2004 Venezuelan recall referendum.
Presidential elections were held in Venezuela on 7 October 2012 to choose a president for a six-year term beginning in January 2013.
Presidential elections were held in Venezuela on 14 April 2013 following the death of President Hugo Chávez on 5 March 2013. Nicolás Maduro—who had assumed the role of acting president since Chávez's death—was declared winner with a narrow victory over his opponent Henrique Capriles, the Governor of Miranda. Capriles had run in the previous election less than a year before, losing to Chávez by an 11-point margin. This time the margin of victory was much smaller, and thus became the closest presidential election of the country since the 1968 election.
Presidential elections were held in Venezuela on 20 May 2018, with incumbent Nicolás Maduro being declared re-elected for a second six-year term. The original electoral date was scheduled for December 2018 but was subsequently pulled ahead to 22 April before being pushed back to 20 May. Some analysts described the poll as a sham election, as many prominent opposition parties had been barred from participating in it. The elections had the lowest voter turnout in Venezuela's democratic era.
Regional elections were held in Venezuela on 15 October 2017 to elect the executive position of all 23 federal entities. This marked the first state executive election not held on the same date as elections for state legislatures, and the second separate from municipal elections. They were the 9th regional elections held in Venezuela since 1989.
A referendum was held in Venezuela on 16 July 2017. The referendum was called by the National Assembly in response to the constitutional crisis and President Nicolás Maduro's plans for a Constituent Assembly. The referendum was an act of civil disobedience in the context of the application of Articles 333 and 350 of the Venezuelan constitution, with the articles calling for Venezuelans to "disown any regime ... that violates democratic values", especially since the National Electoral Council and the Supreme Tribunal of Justice were not recognized in the referendum. The opposition Democratic Unity Roundtable (MUD) announced that there would be 2,030 areas for the popular consultation nationwide to serve more than 19 million voters.
Parliamentary elections were held in Venezuela on 6 December 2020. Aside from the 167 deputies of the National Assembly who are eligible to be re-elected, the new National Electoral Council president announced that the assembly would increase by 110 seats, for a total of 277 deputies to be elected.
Juan Gerardo Guaidó Márquez is a Venezuelan opposition politician. He belonged to the social-democratic party Popular Will, and was a federal deputy to the National Assembly representing the state of Vargas. On 23 January 2019, Guaidó and the National Assembly declared that he was acting president of Venezuela, starting the Venezuelan presidential crisis by challenging Nicolás Maduro's presidency. In December 2022, opposition parties voted to dismiss Guaidó as interim president, choosing Dinorah Figuera as a successor on 5 January 2023 and ending Guaidó's presidential claim.
The negotiations during the crisis in Venezuela are the negotiation and dialogue attempts and processes between the government of Nicolás Maduro and the Venezuelan opposition. Although numerous dialogue processes and roundtables have taken place, by 2023 none had been effective in achieving a solution to the country's crisis.
Presidential elections are scheduled to be held in Venezuela in 28 July 2024 to choose a president for a six-year term beginning on 10 January 2025. Leading candidates of the Venezuelan opposition have been disqualified from participating in the election during its campaign or in previous elections. In June 2023, the leading candidate María Corina Machado was barred from participating by the Venezuelan government for alleged political crimes. This move has been regarded by the opposition as violation of political human rights and has been condemned by international bodies like the Organization of American States, the European Union, and Human Rights Watch, as well as countries such as Canada, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, France, Germany, Mexico, Paraguay, the United Kingdom, the United States and Uruguay.
Luis Eduardo Parra Rivero is a Venezuelan politician who was in a dispute with Juan Guaidó for a year over who was the President of the National Assembly of Venezuela based on a vote on 5 January 2020.
The Democratic Alliance was a political coalition created to face the government of Nicolás Maduro in the 2020 Venezuelan parliamentary election and grouped in the National Assembly. It is made up of Hope for Change, Cambiemos and Progressive Advance parties of the predecessor coalition Agreement for Change, in addition to the intervened parties Democratic Action and Copei, and the later incorporated Primero Venezuela, United Venezuela, Ecological Movement, Unidad Vision Venezuela, Country Commitment and the also intervened Popular Will.
Regional and municipal elections were held in Venezuela on 21 November 2021. In the elections, all executive and legislative positions of the 23 federal entities, as well as that of the 335 municipalities of the country, were renewed.
The Venezuelan opposition, also known as opposition to Chavismo or anti-Chavismo, is a political umbrella term to all those political, social and religious factors that have opposed the Chavismo governments of the so-called Bolivarian Revolution of former President Hugo Chávez and current President Nicolás Maduro that have governed Venezuela since 2 February 1999.
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