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All 76 seats in the State Great Khural 39 seats needed for a majority | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.
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Parliamentary elections were held in Mongolia on 24 June 2020. [1] [2] The result was a victory for the ruling Mongolian People's Party, which won 62 of the 76 seats, a slight decrease from the 65 won in the 2016 elections.
The 76 members of the State Great Khural will be elected by plurality-at-large voting in multi-member constituencies. The electoral system was not decided until a new electoral law was passed on 22 December 2019. [3] The changes were expected to marginalise smaller parties, and also effectively removed the right of 150,000 Mongolian expatriates to vote, as they could not be registered in a specific constituency. [3] [4] The new electoral law also barred people found guilty of "corrupt practices" from standing in elections. [3] The proposal to re-introduce mixed proportional system [5] failed to garner enough support.
Women's right activists called for raising gender quota for nominations from 20% to 30% but they failed. [6] Currently, female MPs make up 17% (13 seats) in the parliament, the highest number since the first democratic elections in 1990.
606 candidates are officially registered by the General Election Committee of Mongolia running for the election, of whom 121 are independents and 485 candidates from following 13 political parties and 4 coalitions: [7]
Multiple candidates were arrested during the election campaign. Among them, two were running from the governing MPP, three were candidates of the opposition DP and one was a candidate of the Keep Order! Constitution 19 Coalition. [8] [9]
| Date | Pollster | MPP | DP | MPRP Coalition | NC | RP | Other | Undecided | No party |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| June 2020 | Sant Maral | 45.2% | 29.4% | 14.0% | 8.7% | 2.7% | — | — | — |
The Mongolian People's Party won with a supermajority of 62 seats, a slight drop from the 65 won in the prior elections. The centre-right Democratic Party won 11 seats. The candidate of Our Coalition, former State Great Khural member and vice chairperson of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party Sainkhüügiin Ganbaatar, won a seat, as did candidate of the Right Person Electorate Coalition and Chairperson of the National Labour Party Togmidyn Dorjkhand. Former Prime Minister of Mongolia Norovyn Altankhuyag won one seat as an Independent candidate. [10]
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | |
| Mongolian People's Party | 1,795,793 | 44.93 | 62 | –3 | |
| Democratic Party | 978,890 | 24.49 | 11 | +2 | |
| Our Coalition | 323,675 | 8.10 | 1 | 0 | |
| United Coalition of Just Citizens | 213,812 | 5.35 | 0 | New | |
| Right Person Electorate Coalition | 209,104 | 5.23 | 1 | New | |
| Keep Order! Constitution 19 Coalition | 41,417 | 1.04 | 0 | New | |
| Mongolian Green Party | 23,473 | 0.59 | 0 | 0 | |
| Love the People Party | 18,542 | 0.46 | 0 | 0 | |
| People's Majority Party | 13,720 | 0.34 | 0 | New | |
| Zon Olny Nam | 8,710 | 0.22 | 0 | – | |
| Freedom Implementing Party | 5,142 | 0.13 | 0 | 0 | |
| Ger Area Development Party | 4,176 | 0.10 | 0 | New | |
| Ikh Ev Nam | 4,118 | 0.10 | 0 | New | |
| Development Programme Party | 3,521 | 0.09 | 0 | New | |
| People's Party | 3,333 | 0.08 | 0 | New | |
| World Mongols Party | 591 | 0.01 | 0 | New | |
| United Patriots Party | 448 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | |
| Independents | 348,078 | 8.71 | 1 | 0 | |
| Total | 3,996,543 | 100.00 | 76 | 0 | |
| Total votes | 1,475,895 | – | |||
| Registered voters/turnout | 2,003,969 | 73.65 | |||
| Source: General Election Committee of Mongolia, Ikon | |||||
Mongolia is a landlocked country in East Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south. The western extremity of Mongolia is only 37 km (23 mi) from Kazakhstan, and this area can resemble a quadripoint when viewed on a map. It covers an area of 1,564,116 square kilometres, with a population of just 3.3 million, making it the world's most sparsely populated sovereign state. Mongolia is the world's largest landlocked country that does not border a closed sea, and much of its area is covered by grassy steppe, with mountains to the north and west and the Gobi Desert to the south. Ulaanbaatar, the capital and largest city, is home to roughly half of the country's population.
The politics of Mongolia takes place in a framework of a semi-presidential multi-party representative democracy. Executive power is exercised by the prime minister, who is the head of government, and the Cabinet. The president is the head of state, but holds limited authority over the executive branch of the government, unlike full presidential republics like the United States. Legislative power is vested in parliament. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature.
The Mongolian People's Party (MPP) is a social democratic political party in Mongolia. It was founded as a communist party in 1920 by Mongolian revolutionaries and is the oldest political party in Mongolia. The party played an important role in the Mongolian Revolution of 1921, which was inspired by the Bolsheviks' October Revolution. Following independence, it governed Mongolia as a one-party socialist state. The party changed its name to the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP) and joined the Communist International in 1924 and served as a sole-ruling party of the Mongolian People's Republic.
The prime minister of Mongolia is the head of government of Mongolia and heads the Mongolian cabinet. The prime minister is appointed by the Mongolian parliament or the State Great Khural, and can be removed by the parliament with a vote of no confidence.
Mongolia elects its head of state—the President of Mongolia—at the national level. The president is elected for a six-year term by the people, using the Two-round system. The State Great Khural has 76 members, originally elected for a four-year term from single-seat constituencies. Due to the voting system, Mongolia experienced extreme shifts in the composition of the parliament after the 1996, 2000, and 2004 elections, so it has changed to a more proportional system in which some seats are filled on the basis of votes for local candidates, and some on the basis of nationwide party preference totals. Beginning in 2008, local candidates were elected from 26 electoral districts. Beginning with the 2012 elections, a parallel system was enacted, combining a district part and a nationwide proportional part. 48 seats are chosen at the local level in 26 districts with 1-3 seats using Plurality-at-large voting. 28 seats are chosen from nationwide closed party lists using the Largest remainder method. In the district seats, a candidate is required to get at least 28% of the vote cast in a district to be elected. If there are seats that are not filled due to this threshold, a runoff election is held in the respective district with twice the number of representatives as there are seats to be filled, between the top vote-getters of the first round.
The president of Mongolia is the executive head of state of Mongolia. The current president is Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh.
Mendsaikhany Enkhsaikhan was the prime minister of Mongolia from July 7, 1996 to April 23, 1998, the first in 80 years not belonging to the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party.
The Democratic Party is a centre-right political party in Mongolia.
The Civil Will–Green Party is a green liberal political party in Mongolia.
The State Great Khural is the unicameral parliament of Mongolia. It is located in the Government Palace.
The current Constitution of Mongolia was adopted on 13 January 1992, put into force on 12 February, with amendments made in 1999, 2000 and 2019. The constitution established a representative democracy in Mongolia, enshrining core functions of the government, including the separation of powers and election cycle, and guaranteeing human rights including freedom of religion, travel, expression, private property. The document was written after the Mongolian Revolution of 1990, effectively dissolving the Mongolian People's Republic.
Parliamentary elections were held in Mongolia on 29 June 2008. A total of 356 candidates ran for the 76 seats in the State Great Khural. According to official results published on 14 July, at least 39 seats were won by the ruling Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP), and at least 25 seats by the main opposition party, the Democrats (DP). Ten seats remained subject to possible recounts.
The Mongolian Revolution of 1990, known in Mongolia as the 1990 Democratic Revolution, was a peaceful democratic revolution which led to the country's transition to a multi-party system. It was inspired by the economic reforms of the Soviet Union in the late 1980s and was one of the many revolutions of 1989. It was led mostly by young demonstrators who rallied at Sükhbaatar Square, in the capital city Ulaanbaatar. The main organisers of the demonstrations included Sanjaasürengiin Zorig, Erdeniin Bat-Üül, Davaadorjiin Ganbold, Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj, Bat-Erdeniin Batbayar.
Parliamentary elections were held in Mongolia on 30 June 1996. The result was a victory for the Democratic Union Coalition, which won 50 of the 76 seats in the State Great Khural. Voter turnout was 92%.
Parliamentary elections were held in Mongolia on 28 June 2012 to elect 76 members of the State Great Khural. Also held during the parliamentary elections was the Ulaanbaatar city council election, the first time both have been held at the same time. For the first time, the election used vote counting machines by new parliamentary election laws to make the election fair.
The Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party was a political party in Mongolia which was founded in 2010 by Nambaryn Enkhbayar. The party received approval to use the Mongolian People's Party's old name by the Supreme Court of Mongolia. Enkhbayar, former chairman of the original MPRP and a former President of Mongolia, was the party's leader. It merged back into the Mongolian People's Party in 2021.
Parliamentary elections were held in Mongolia on 29 June 2016. The governing Democratic Party lost to a landslide victory of the Mongolian People's Party, retaining only 9 of 76 seats in the Great Khural. While they just lost under 2% of the popular vote, a new electoral law passed by the Democratic Party itself when in Government to promote two-party politics, together with a 14% rise of the MPP, ended up making them lose 25 of 34 seats. As a result, the MPP secured a supermajority with 65 of 76 seats.
Women's representation in Mongolian Parliament, The State Great Khural, has constantly increased over the years since the country's first democratic election in 1992. 17.1% of the parliament are women as of 2016, which is the highest among seven parliamentary elections in Mongolia. However, it is still lower than the regional average of 19.7% and the world average of 23.4%. According to the Inter-Parliamentary Union, Mongolia ranks at 115th together with Gabon.
Presidential elections were held in Mongolia on 9 June 2021. The result was a victory for former prime minister Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh of the Mongolian People's Party, who received 72% of the valid vote. The elections were considered free and fair by OSCE. However, there was controversy as several opposition candidates were disqualified and former president Khaltmaagiin Battulga was barred from running for a second term.
Parliamentary elections are scheduled to be held in Mongolia on 28 June 2024 to determine the composition of the State Great Khural.
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