 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||
All 126 seats in the State Great Khural 64 seats needed for a majority | ||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||
 |
|---|
 Politicsportal |
Parliamentary elections are scheduled to be held in Mongolia on 28 June 2024 to determine the composition of the State Great Khural. [1]
| | ||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||
All 126 seats in the State Great Khural 64 seats needed for a majority | ||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||
| |
|---|
| Politicsportal |
Parliamentary elections are scheduled to be held in Mongolia on 28 June 2024 to determine the composition of the State Great Khural. [1]
In the 2020 parliamentary elections the Mongolian People's Party won a supermajority of 62 of the 76 seats and formed a government. However, protests in 2021 led to the resignation of Prime Minister Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh and his cabinet. [2] The government's legitimacy was subsequently questioned during the 2022 protests after a corruption scandal involving the theft of $12.9 billion worth of coal.
In August 2022 the Constitutional Court cancelled Article 39, Section 1 of the constitution, which stated that "Prime Minister and no more than four members of the and the Government can hold the office of member of the State Great Khural". At the opening of the 2022 spring extraordinary session, chairman of the State Great Khural, Gombojavyn Zandanshatar stated that "In this regard, it is believed that there is a need to discuss and resolve the issues related to the number of members of parliament, the competence of the executive branch, the control and balance of governance, and the development of parliamentary democracy by establishing a National Consensus Working Group and discussing and resolving the issue".
The State Great Khural passed a constitutional amendment on 2 June 2023, increasing the number of MPs from 76 to 126. [3]
Following the passing of a new electoral law, the elections will be held using a parallel system, with 78 seats elected by multiple non-transferable vote in 13 multi-member constituencies and 48 by closed list proportional representation at the national level with an electoral threshold of 4% for individual parties, 5% for a two-party coalition and 7% for coalitions of three or more parties. [4] [5] To qualify for proportional seats, parties and coalitions must also have candidates running in at least half of the seats in each constituency. Party lists must adhere to the zipper system, while the overall gender ratio of candidates for a party must not be greater than 70:30 or less than 30:70. A voter turnout of 50% is required for the result in a constituency to be considered valid, or another round of voting must be held for that constituency. [5]
| 1 March | Deadline for audit organization to set campaign finance limits |
| 24 March | Deadline for parties to submit election platform |
| 28 April | Deadline for parties to submit intention to participate |
| 14–20 May | Parties nominate candidates |
| 10 June | GEC issues candidate card [6] |
| 15 June | Deadline for Mongolians residing abroad to register |
| 10-26 June | Election campaign period |
| 20–23 June | Polling days for Mongolians residing abroad in the embassies and consular posts |
| 28 June | Polling day (from 7am until 10pm) |
The following parties are already represented in parliament.
| Party | Ideology | Political position | Leader | 2020 result | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mongolian People's Party | Social democracy | Centre-left | Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene | 62 / 76 | Supermajority government |
| Democratic Party | Liberal conservatism Mongolian nationalism | Centre-right | Luvsannyam Gantumur | 12 / 76 | Opposition |
| HUN Party | Liberalism | Centre-right | Togmidyn Dorjkhand | 1 / 76 | Opposition |
On 2 May following parties and coalitions were officially registered by the General Election Committee of Mongolia: [7]
| Polling firm | Fieldwork date | Sample size | MPP | DP | MPRP | HUN | Other | Ind. | None | Und./NA/ DK |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sant Maral | 18 Mar – 16 Apr 2023 | 1,000 | 13.6 | 10.7 | – | 2.3 | 1.4 | – | 6.7 | 65.3 |
| Sant Maral | 3 May – 10 Jun 2022 | 1,200 | 21.4 | 10.2 | – | 3.1 | 0.3 | – | 3.7 | 61.4 |
| 28 May 2021 | Merger of MPP and MPRP | |||||||||
| Sant Maral | 1–16 Apr 2021 | 1,210 | 20.7 | 9.7 | 2.4 | 3.6 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 4.4 | 58.4 |
| 2020 election | 24 Jun 2020 | – | 44.9 | 24.5 | 8.1 | 5.2 | 8.5 | 8.7 | – | – |
The politics of Mongolia takes place in a framework of a semi-presidential multi-party representative democracy. Executive power is exercised by the prime minister, who is the head of government, and the Cabinet. The president is the head of state, but holds limited authority over the executive branch of the government, unlike full presidential republics like the United States. Legislative power is vested in parliament. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature.
Nambaryn Enkhbayar is a Mongolian politician. He served as the Prime Minister of Mongolia from 2000 to 2004, as Chairman of the State Great Khural from 2004 to 2005, and as President of Mongolia from 2005 to 2009. He is the first person to have held all of the top three positions in the Mongolian government. He was the chairman of the Mongolian People’s Party from 1997 to 2005 and head of Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party from 2010 to 2021. His eldest son, Batshugar Enkhbayar is a member of the State Great Khural from Mongolian People's Party. Due to his corruption scandal he is regarded as the godfather of corruption in Mongolian politics by the public media.
The Mongolian People's Party (MPP) is a social democratic political party in Mongolia. It was founded as a communist party in 1920 by Mongolian revolutionaries and is the oldest political party in Mongolia. The party played an important role in the Mongolian Revolution of 1921, which was inspired by the Bolsheviks' October Revolution. Following independence, it governed Mongolia as a one-party socialist state. The party changed its name to the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP) and joined the Communist International in 1924 and served as the sole-ruling party of the Mongolian People's Republic until 1990.
The prime minister of Mongolia is the head of government of Mongolia and heads the Mongolian cabinet. The prime minister is appointed by the Mongolian parliament or the State Great Khural, and can be removed by the parliament with a vote of no confidence.
Mongolia elects its head of state—the President of Mongolia—at the national level. The president is elected for a six-year term by the people, using the Two-round system. The State Great Khural has 76 members, originally elected for a four-year term from single-seat constituencies. Due to the voting system, Mongolia experienced extreme shifts in the composition of the parliament after the 1996, 2000, and 2004 elections, so it has changed to a more proportional system in which some seats are filled on the basis of votes for local candidates, and some on the basis of nationwide party preference totals. Beginning in 2008, local candidates were elected from 26 electoral districts. Beginning with the 2012 elections, a parallel system was enacted, combining a district part and a nationwide proportional part. 48 seats are chosen at the local level in 26 districts with 1-3 seats using Plurality-at-large voting. 28 seats are chosen from nationwide closed party lists using the Largest remainder method. In the district seats, a candidate is required to get at least 28% of the vote cast in a district to be elected. If there are seats that are not filled due to this threshold, a runoff election is held in the respective district with twice the number of representatives as there are seats to be filled, between the top vote-getters of the first round.
The president of Mongolia is the executive head of state of Mongolia. The current president is Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh.
Mendsaikhany Enkhsaikhan was the prime minister of Mongolia from July 7, 1996 to April 23, 1998, the first in 80 years not belonging to the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party.
The State Great Khural is the unicameral parliament of Mongolia. It is located in the Government Palace.
Rinchinnyamyn Amarjargal was Prime Minister of Mongolia from July 30, 1999 to July 26, 2000. He is a leading member of the Democratic Party.
The current Constitution of Mongolia was adopted on 13 January 1992, put into force on 12 February, with amendments made in 1999, 2000 and 2019. The constitution established a representative democracy in Mongolia, enshrining core functions of the government, including the separation of powers and election cycle, and guaranteeing human rights including freedom of religion, travel, expression, private property. The document was written after the Mongolian Revolution of 1990, effectively dissolving the Mongolian People's Republic.
Parliamentary elections were held in Mongolia on 29 June 2008. A total of 356 candidates ran for the 76 seats in the State Great Khural. According to official results published on 14 July, at least 39 seats were won by the ruling Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP), and at least 25 seats by the main opposition party, the Democrats (DP). Ten seats remained subject to possible recounts.
The Mongolian Revolution of 1990, known in Mongolia as the 1990 Democratic Revolution, was a peaceful democratic revolution which led to the country's transition to a multi-party system. It was inspired by the economic reforms of the Soviet Union in the late 1980s and was one of the many revolutions of 1989. It was led mostly by young demonstrators who rallied at Sükhbaatar Square, in the capital city Ulaanbaatar. The main organisers of the demonstrations included Sanjaasürengiin Zorig, Erdeniin Bat-Üül, Davaadorjiin Ganbold, Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj, Bat-Erdeniin Batbayar.
Electoral reform is a change in electoral systems which alters how public desires are expressed in election results.
Parliamentary elections were held in Mongolia on 28 June 2012 to elect 76 members of the State Great Khural. Also held during the parliamentary elections was the Ulaanbaatar city council election, the first time both have been held at the same time. For the first time, the election used vote counting machines by new parliamentary election laws to make the election fair.
The Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party was a political party in Mongolia which was founded in 2010 by Nambaryn Enkhbayar. The party received approval to use the Mongolian People's Party's old name by the Supreme Court of Mongolia. Enkhbayar, former chairman of the original MPRP and a former President of Mongolia, was the party's leader. It merged back into the Mongolian People's Party in 2021.
Presidential elections were held in Mongolia on 26 June 2013. The Democratic Party nominee, incumbent President Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj was re-elected, defeating both Mongolian People's Party nominee of parliament member Badmaanyambuugiin Bat-Erdene and Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party nominee Natsagiin Udval, who was Minister of Health at the time of the election. Elbegdorj was inaugurated on 10 July 2013 for his second term in office.
The Mongolian National Democratic Party, and known until 2011 as the National New Party, is a Mongolian political party established in 2005. The party is headed by Mendsaikhany Enkhsaikhan, a former Prime Minister of Mongolia from July 7, 1996 to April 23, 1998.
Parliamentary elections were held in Mongolia on 29 June 2016. The governing Democratic Party lost to a landslide victory of the Mongolian People's Party, retaining only 9 of 76 seats in the Great Khural. While they just lost under 2% of the popular vote, a new electoral law passed by the Democratic Party itself when in Government to promote two-party politics, together with a 14% rise of the MPP, ended up making them lose 25 of 34 seats. As a result, the MPP secured a supermajority with 65 of 76 seats.
Women's representation in Mongolian Parliament, The State Great Khural, has constantly increased over the years since the country's first democratic election in 1992. 17.1% of the parliament are women as of 2016, which is the highest among seven parliamentary elections in Mongolia. However, it is still lower than the regional average of 19.7% and the world average of 23.4%. According to the Inter-Parliamentary Union, Mongolia ranks at 115th together with Gabon.
Parliamentary elections were held in Mongolia on 24 June 2020. The result was a victory for the ruling Mongolian People's Party, which won 62 of the 76 seats, a slight decrease from the 65 won in the 2016 elections.
| Presidential elections | |
|---|---|
| Parliamentary elections | |
| Local elections | |
| Referendums | |
