47th Parliament of Australia

Last updated

47th Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia
46th  ←
→  48th
Commonwealth Coat of Arms Coat of Arms of Australia.svg
Commonwealth Coat of Arms
26 July 2022 – present
Members76 senators
151 representatives
Senate Leader Penny Wong, Labor
(from 23 May 2022)
Senate President Sue Lines, Labor
(from 26 July 2022)
House Leader Tony Burke, Labor
(from 1 June 2022)
House Speaker Milton Dick, Labor
(from 26 July 2022)
Sessions
1st: 26 July 2022 – present


Composition current Aus House of Reps Composition March 2024.svg Government (78)
  Labor (78)

Opposition (55)
Coalition
  Liberal (27)
  LNP (Qld) (21) [lower-alpha 1]
  National (10)

Crossbench (20)
  Independent (16)

Contents

  Greens (4)
Flag of Australia.svg  Australiaportal

The 47th Parliament of Australia is the current meeting of the legislative body of the Commonwealth of Australia, composed of the Australian Senate and the Australian House of Representatives. The May 2022 federal election gave the Australian Labor Party control of the House. Labor won 77 seats at the election, and it gained an additional seat in April 2023 due to winning the Aston by-election, giving it a three-seat majority government. [1] Labor leader Anthony Albanese became the 31st Prime Minister of Australia, and was sworn in by the Governor-General David Hurley on 23 May 2022. [2] The 47th Parliament opened in Canberra on 26 July 2022. [3]

Major events and legislation

Leadership

Senate

Senate President Sue Lines (ALP) Sue Lines 2017-02-23.JPG
Senate President
Sue Lines (ALP)
Senate President election [33]
CandidateStateVotes%
Sue Lines Western Australia 5481.82
Dorinda Cox Western Australia1218.18
66100

Presiding officer

Government leadership

Opposition leadership

House of Representatives

House Speaker Milton Dick (ALP) Milton Dick July 2023.jpg
House Speaker
Milton Dick (ALP)
House of Representatives Speaker election [34]
CandidateSeatVotes%
Milton Dick Oxley (Qld)9262.16
Andrew Wallace Fisher (Qld)5637.84
148100

Presiding officer

Government leadership

Opposition leadership

Party summary

House of Representatives

House membership (as of 14 November 2023) 4 Australian Greens Katter's Australian Party 1 78 Australian Labor Party National Party of Australia 9 Liberal National Party 21 Liberal Party of Australia 25 12 Independent 1 Centre Alliance Australian House of Representatives 14 November 2023.svg
House membership (as of 14 November 2023)
     4 Australian Greens
      Katter's Australian Party 1     

     78 Australian Labor Party
      National Party of Australia 9     

      Liberal National Party 21     

      Liberal Party of Australia 25     

     12 Independent
     1 Centre Alliance

AffiliationParty
(shading shows control)
TotalVacant
GRN ALP IND CA LPA NPA KAP UAP
End of previous Parliament 168416015111510
Begin (26 July 2022)47710142161—1510
23 December 2022 [lower-alpha 2] 1115
17 February 2023 [lower-alpha 3] 411501
1 April 2023 [lower-alpha 3] 781510
18 May 2023 [lower-alpha 4] 401501
15 July 2023 [lower-alpha 4] 411510
14 November 2023 [lower-alpha 5] 12401510
4 December 2023 [lower-alpha 6] 771501
28 February 2024 [lower-alpha 7] 391492
2 March 2024 [lower-alpha 6] 781501
13 April 2024 [lower-alpha 7] 401510
Latest voting share %2.6551.667.950.6636.420.66—

Senate

Senate membership (as of 17 June 2023) 11 Australian Greens Pauline Hanson's One Nation 2 26 Australian Labor Party United Australia Party 1 Country Liberal Party 1 Liberal National Party of Queensland 5 Liberal/National joint ticket 10 Liberal Party of Australia 15 3 Independent 2 Jacqui Lambie Network Australian Senate 17 June 2023.svg
Senate membership (as of 17 June 2023)
     11 Australian Greens
      Pauline Hanson's One Nation 2     

     26 Australian Labor Party
      United Australia Party 1     

      Country Liberal Party 1     


      Liberal/National joint ticket 10     

      Liberal Party of Australia 15     
     3 Independent

AffiliationParty
(shading shows control)
TotalVacant
GRN ALP IND CA REX JLN LPA NPA LDP ON UAP
End of previous Parliament 926—11131412—760
Begin (26 July 2022)12261—2266—21760
16 January 2023 [lower-alpha 8] 25751
6 February 2023 [lower-alpha 9] 112
31 May 2023 [lower-alpha 8] 26760
17 June 2023 [lower-alpha 10] 325
30 September 2023 [lower-alpha 11] 24751
30 November 2023 [lower-alpha 11] 25760
26 January 2024 [lower-alpha 12] 25751
1 February 2024 [lower-alpha 12] 26760
29 February 2024 [lower-alpha 13] 25751
28 March 2024 [lower-alpha 14] 41
19 April 2024 [lower-alpha 15] 10742
Latest voting share %14.6733.335.33—1.3341.33—2.671.33

Demographics

The 47th Parliament of Australia has a historically high representation of women; women make up 38% of the House of Representatives and 57% of the Senate, the highest on record for both chambers. [35] In terms of representation, Indigenous members will account for 9.6 per cent of the 76 Senate seats, and 1.9 per cent of 151 House of Representatives seats. [36]

Senate

The Senate included 32 men and 44 women, the most women to date.

House of Representatives

There are 58 women in the House, the largest number in history. [37] Three current members are LGBTQ+ — Stephen Bates, [38] Angie Bell [39] and Julian Hill. [40] Four members; Mark Dreyfus, Josh Burns, [41] Mike Freelander and Julian Leeser identified as Jewish. Labor members — Ed Husic and Anne Aly — became the first two Muslim federal ministers. [42]

Membership

Senate

40 of the 76 seats in the upper house were contested in the election in May 2022. The class of senators elected in 2022 are denoted with an asterisk (*).

House of Representatives

All 151 seats in the lower house were contested in the election in May 2022.

Changes in membership

Senate

This table lists senators who have resigned, died, been elected or appointed, or otherwise changed their party affiliation during the 47th Parliament.

SeatBeforeChangeAfter
MemberPartyTypeDateDateMemberParty
New South Wales Jim Molan Liberal Death16 January 202331 May 2023 Maria Kovacic Liberal
Victoria Lidia Thorpe Greens Resignation from party6 February 2023 Lidia Thorpe Independent
Victoria David Van Liberal Expulsion from party room 15 June 2023 David Van Independent
New South Wales Marise Payne Liberal Resignation30 September 202330 November 2023 Dave Sharma Liberal
Western Australia Pat Dodson Labor Resignation26 January 20241 February 2024 Varun Ghosh Labor
Victoria Linda White Labor Death29 February 2024TBCLisa Darmanin Labor
Tasmania Tammy Tyrrell Lambie Resignation from party28 March 2024 Tammy Tyrrell Independent
Victoria Janet Rice Greens Resignation19 April 2024TBC Steph Hodgins-May Greens

House of Representatives

This table lists members of the House who have resigned, died, been elected or appointed, or otherwise changed their party affiliation during the 47th Parliament.

SeatBeforeChangeAfter
MemberPartyTypeDateDateMemberParty
Calare Andrew Gee National Resignation from party23 December 2022 Andrew Gee Independent
Aston Alan Tudge Liberal Resignation17 February 20231 April 2023 Mary Doyle Labor
Fadden Stuart Robert Liberal National Resignation18 May 202315 July 2023 Cameron Caldwell Liberal National
Monash Russell Broadbent Liberal Resignation from party14 November 2023 Russell Broadbent Independent
Dunkley Peta Murphy Labor Death4 December 20232 March 2024 Jodie Belyea Labor
Cook Scott Morrison Liberal Resignation28 February 202413 April 2024 Simon Kennedy Liberal

See also

Notes

    1. ↑ 15 LNP MPs sit in the Liberal party room and 6 in the National party room
    2. ↑ Andrew Gee, MP for Calare, resigned from the National Party on 23 December 2022 and began sitting as an independent.
    3. 1 2 Alan Tudge, Liberal MP for Aston, resigned on 17 February 2023. The resulting by-election was won by Labor candidate Mary Doyle on 1 April 2023.
    4. 1 2 Stuart Robert, Liberal National MP for Fadden, resigned on 18 May 2023. The resulting by-election was won by Liberal National candidate Cameron Caldwell on 15 July 2023.
    5. ↑ Russell Broadbent, MP for Monash, resigned from the Liberal Party on 14 November 2023 and moved to the crossbench to sit as an independent.
    6. 1 2 Peta Murphy, Labor MP for Dunkley, died in office on 4 December 2023. The resulting by-election was won by Labor candidate Jodie Belyea on 2 March 2024.
    7. 1 2 Scott Morrison, Liberal MP for Cook, resigned on 28 February 2024. The resulting by-election was won by Liberal candidate Simon Kennedy on 13 April 2024.
    8. 1 2 Jim Molan, Liberal senator for Victoria, died in office on 16 January 2023. His successor, Maria Kovacic, was appointed as his replacement on 31 May 2023.
    9. ↑ Lidia Thorpe, senator for Victoria, resigned from the Greens on 6 February 2023 to sit as an independent.
    10. ↑ David Van, senator for Victoria, resigned from the Liberal Party on 17 June 2023 to sit as an independent.
    11. 1 2 Marise Payne, Liberal senator for New South Wales, resigned on 30 September 2023. Her successor, Dave Sharma, was appointed as her replacement on 30 November 2023.
    12. 1 2 Pat Dodson, Labor senator for Western Australia, resigned on 26 January 2024. His successor, Varun Ghosh, was appointed as his replacement on 1 February 2024.
    13. ↑ Linda White, Labor senator for Victoria, died in office on 29 February 2024. Her successor will be appointed as her replacement at a later date.
    14. ↑ Tammy Tyrrell, senator for Tasmania, resigned from the Jacqui Lambie Network on 28 March 2024 to sit as an independent.
    15. ↑ Janet Rice, Greens senator for Victoria, resigned on 19 April 2024. Her successor will be appointed as her replacement at a later date.

    Related Research Articles

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Australian Democrats</span> Political party in Australia

    The Australian Democrats is a centrist political party in Australia. Founded in 1977 from a merger of the Australia Party and the New Liberal Movement, both of which were descended from Liberal Party dissenting splinter groups, it was Australia's largest minor party from its formation in 1977 through to 2004 and frequently held the balance of power in the Senate during that time.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Australian Senate</span> Upper house of the Parliament of Australia

    The Senate is the upper house of the bicameral Parliament of Australia, the lower house being the House of Representatives. The composition and powers of the Senate are established in Chapter I of the Constitution of Australia. There are a total of 76 senators: 12 are elected from each of the six Australian states regardless of population and 2 from each of the two self-governing internal Australian territories. Senators are popularly elected under the single transferable vote system of proportional representation.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Anthony Albanese</span> Prime Minister of Australia since 2022

    Anthony Norman Albanese is an Australian politician serving as the 31st and current prime minister of Australia since 2022. He has been leader of the Australian Labor Party (ALP) since 2019 and the member of parliament (MP) for the division of Grayndler since 1996. Albanese previously served as the 15th deputy prime minister under the second Rudd government in 2013. He held various ministerial positions from 2007 to 2013 in the governments of Kevin Rudd and Julia Gillard.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Carol Brown (politician)</span> Australian politician (born 1963)

    Carol Louise Brown, an Australian politician, has been an Australian Labor Party member of the Australian Senate representing the state of Tasmania since 25 August 2005.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Commonwealth Electoral Act 1918</span> Australian suffrage law

    The Commonwealth Electoral Act 1918 is an Act of the Australian Parliament which continues to be the core legislation governing the conduct of elections in Australia, having been amended on numerous occasions since 1918. The Act was introduced by the Nationalist Party of Billy Hughes, the main purpose of which was to replace first-past-the-post voting with instant-runoff voting for the House of Representatives and the Senate. The Labor Party opposed the introduction of preferential voting. The Act has been amended on several occasions since.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Louise Pratt</span> Australian politician

    Louise Clare Pratt is an Australian politician who has been a Senator for Western Australia since 2016, and previously from 2008 to 2014. She is a member of the Labor Party, and served as a member of the Western Australian Legislative Council from 2001 to 2007. She was the youngest woman ever elected to the Legislative Council at the time of her election and the second open lesbian to be elected to an Australian parliament.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Euthanasia in Australia</span> Legal history of euthanasia in Australia

    Laws regarding euthanasia or assisted suicide in Australia are matters for state and territory governments. As of November 2023 all states have implemented legislation creating an assisted suicide scheme for eligible individuals. These laws typically refer to assisted suicide as "voluntary assisted dying".

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Deborah O'Neill</span> Australian politician

    Deborah Mary O'Neill is an Australian politician who has served as a Senator for New South Wales with the Australian Labor Party since 2013. Before entering politics O'Neill was a school teacher and university academic. In her Senate role, she has been described as taking "a fierce approach to accountability." In June 2023, O'Neill was appointed to chair the newly formed Parliamentary Joint Committee on Corporations and Financial Services. In this role, the committee has largely focused on failures of governance and public accountability amongst the large consulting firms Deloitte, EY, KPMG and PwC.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Euthanasia Laws Act 1997</span> Act of the Parliament of Australia

    The Euthanasia Laws Act 1997 (Cth) was an Act of the Parliament of Australia to amend the Northern Territory (Self-Government) Act 1978, the Australian Capital Territory (Self-Government) Act 1988 and the Norfolk Island Act 1979 to remove the power of the Parliament of each of those territories to legalise euthanasia. The law was enacted in response to the enactment of the Rights of the Terminally Ill Act 1995 (NT) by the Parliament of the Northern Territory which had legalised euthanasia in the Territory. The Act was repealed by the Restoring Territory Rights Act 2022, which was passed by the federal parliament in December 2022.

    The history of same-sex marriage in Australia includes its express prohibition by the Howard government in 2004 and its eventual legalisation by the Parliament in December 2017. Although a same-sex marriage law was passed by the Australian Capital Territory in 2013, it was struck down by the High Court on the basis of inconsistency with federal law. The Court's decision closed the possibility of concurrent state or territory laws that would allow same-sex marriage where federal law did not. A law legalising same-sex marriage passed the Parliament on 7 December 2017 and received royal assent the following day.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Slade Brockman</span> Australian politician

    William Edward Slade Brockman is an Australian politician who has served as a Senator for Western Australia since 2017, representing the Liberal Party. He was elected President of the Australian Senate in October 2021 following the resignation of Scott Ryan.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">46th Parliament of Australia</span> 2019–2022 meeting of the Australian Parliament

    The 46th Parliament of Australia was a meeting of the legislative branch of the Australian federal government, composed of the Australian Senate and the Australian House of Representatives. The 2019 federal election gave the Coalition of the Liberal and National Parties control of the House, originally with a three-seat majority, allowing their leader Scott Morrison to stay in office as the 30th Prime Minister of Australia. The 46th Parliament was opened in Canberra on 2 July 2019 and was dissolved by the Governor General David Hurley on 11 April 2022.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Morrison government</span> Australian government, 2018–2022

    The Morrison government was the federal executive government of Australia, led by Prime Minister Scott Morrison of the Liberal Party of Australia, between 2018 and 2022. The Morrison government commenced on 24 August 2018, when it was sworn in by the Governor-General of Australia. It was composed of members of the Liberal–National Coalition and succeeded the Abbott (2013–2015) and Turnbull (2015–2018) coalition governments in office, competing against the Australian Labor Party as the major Opposition party. Nationals Leader Michael McCormack was Deputy Prime Minister of Australia from the formation of the Morrison government until June 2021. He was replaced as Leader of the Nationals and Deputy Prime Minister by Barnaby Joyce.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">2022 Australian federal election</span> Election for the 47th Parliament of Australia

    The 2022 Australian federal election was held on Saturday 21 May 2022 to elect members of the 47th Parliament of Australia. The incumbent Liberal/National Coalition government, led by Prime Minister Scott Morrison, sought to win a fourth consecutive term in office but was defeated by the opposition Labor Party, led by Anthony Albanese. Up for election were all 151 seats in the lower house, the House of Representatives, as well as 40 of the 76 seats in the upper house, the Senate.

    Gerard Rennick is an Australian politician who has been a Senator for Queensland since July 2019. He is a member of the Liberal National Party of Queensland and sits with the Liberal Party in federal parliament.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Ensuring Integrity Bill</span> Name given to three bills introduced into the Parliament of Australia

    The Ensuring Integrity Bill is the name given to three bills introduced into the Parliament of Australia:

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Next Australian federal election</span> Election for the 48th Parliament of Australia

    The next Australian federal election will be held on or before 27 September 2025 to elect members of the 48th Parliament of Australia. All 150 seats in the House of Representatives and likely 40 of the 76 seats in the Senate will be contested. It is expected that at this election, the Labor government of Prime Minister Anthony Albanese will be seeking re-election to a second term in office, opposed by the Liberal/National Coalition under Leader of the Opposition Peter Dutton.

    The National Anti-Corruption Commission, often shortened to the NACC, is an independent federal Australian Government agency that was created under the National Anti-Corruption Commission Act 2022. The commission is designed to combat corrupt conduct from public officials employed in the Australian Public Service (APS), including politicians and bureaucrats. It was established on 1 July 2023, and replaced the Australian Commission for Law Enforcement Integrity (ACLEI).

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Albanese government</span> Government of Australia since 2022

    The Albanese government is the federal executive government of Australia, led by Prime Minister Anthony Albanese of the Australian Labor Party. The Albanese government commenced on 23 May 2022, when Albanese and an interim ministry of four other Labor MPs were sworn into their relevant ministerial portfolios by the Governor-General of Australia. The government is composed of members of the Australian Labor Party. The party initially governed with 77 seats on the floor of the House of Representatives, enough for a two-seat majority. Albanese succeeded the Scott Morrison-led Liberal/National Coalition government (2018–2022), which became unable to continue in government following their defeat in the 2022 federal election. This is the first Labor government to be in office at the federal level since the second Rudd government was defeated by the Coalition at the 2013 election. Deputy Labor leader Richard Marles is serving as Deputy Prime Minister of Australia.

    The stage three tax cuts are a taxation policy overseen by the Australian Government, scheduled to come into effect in mid-2024. Originally forming the third and last stage of the Turnbull government's personal income tax reforms, stage three was altered in the Morrison government's 2019 budget to include an additional A$90 billion of tax cuts.

    References

    1. ↑ Jake Evans (31 May 2022). "ABC projects Labor will score a 77th seat and evade deals with independents to find a speaker". Australian Broadcasting Corporation.
    2. ↑ Brett Worthington (23 May 2022). "Anthony Albanese and four senior frontbenchers sworn in ahead of Quad trip". ABC News.
    3. ↑ Andrew Brown (26 July 2022). "MPs sworn in as 47th parliament opened". The Canberra Times.
    4. ↑ Asha Barbaschow (9 September 2022). "Your 4-Minute Briefing on the Australian Government's Climate Change Bill". Gizmodo AU.
    5. ↑ Adam Morton (8 September 2022). "Australian parliament passes first climate change legislation in a decade". Guardian Australia.
    6. ↑ Emily Bennett & Daniel Jeffrey (8 September 2022). "Federal government's historic climate change bill passes parliament to legislate emissions reduction target". 9 News.
    7. ↑ "Hansard - Social Security (Administration) Amendment (Repeal of Cashless Debit Card and Other Measures) Bill 2022 - Third Reading - Division". aph.gov.au. 3 August 2022.
    8. ↑ "SENATE - Hansard". Record of Proceedings (Hansard). Australia: Australian Senate. 27 September 2022. p. 124-125.
    9. ↑ Tom Lowrey (28 September 2022). "Cashless debit card to be abolished, but a new income-management system will take its place for some". ABC News.
    10. ↑ Georgia Hitch (28 November 2022). "Laws to implement Respect@Work recommendations have passed parliament. What are they?". ABC News.
    11. ↑ "PARLIAMENT PASSES NATIONAL ANTI-CORRUPTION COMMISSION BILLS". pm.gov.au. 30 November 2022.
    12. ↑ "National Anti-Corruption Commission clears final hurdle, passes House of Representatives". ABC News. 30 November 2022.
    13. ↑ Paul Karp & Amy Remeikis. "Labor's industrial relations bill passes despite late Coalition filibuster". The Guardian.
    14. ↑ "Hansard BILLS - Fair Work Legislation Amendment (Secure Jobs, Better Pay) Bill 2022 - Third Reading". aph.gov.au. 10 November 2022.
    15. ↑ "Hansard BILLS - Fair Work Legislation Amendment (Secure Jobs, Better Pay) Bill 2022 - Third Reading". aph.gov.au. 1 December 2022.
    16. ↑ "Fair Work Legislation Amendment (Secure Jobs, Better Pay) Bill 2022". aph.gov.au.
    17. ↑ Paul Karp (23 November 2022). "What is the sticking point in Labor's industrial relations bill and how would it work?". The Guardian.
    18. ↑ Paul Karp (27 November 2022). "David Pocock to give crucial support to IR bill after deal on jobseeker and welfare". The Guardian.
    19. ↑ "Restoring Territory Rights Bill 2022 – Third Reading". Parliament of Australia . Australia: House of Representatives. 3 August 2022.
    20. ↑ "Restoring Territory Rights Bill 2022 – Second Reading". Parliament of Australia . Australia: Senate. 24 November 2022.
    21. ↑ Markus Mannheim (1 December 2022). "Federal parliament overturns 25-year-old ban on euthanasia laws in ACT and Northern Territory". ABC News.
    22. ↑ Adam Morton (30 March 2023). "Australia passes most significant climate law in a decade amid concern over fossil fuel exports". The Guardian.
    23. ↑ "Senate Division No 309 (Safeguard Mechanism Amendment Bill 2023)". aph.gov.au. 30 March 2023.
    24. ↑ "House Division No 133 (Safeguard Mechanism Amendment Bill 2023)". aph.gov.au. 30 March 2023.
    25. ↑ "Constitution Alteration (Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Voice) 2023". aph.gov.au.
    26. ↑ Brett Worthington & Kamin Gock (19 June 2023). "Senate passes referendum plan, cementing Voice to Parliament vote before end of the year". ABC News.
    27. ↑ Stephanie Borys. "Government's $10bn Housing Australia Future Fund passes parliament". ABC News.
    28. ↑ Paul Karp (11 September 2023). "Greens agree to support Labor's $10bn housing fund, breaking months-long impasse". The Guardian.
    29. ↑ Tom Lowrey (17 June 2023). "Federal government to spend $2 billion on social housing around Australia". ABC News.
    30. ↑ Stuart Marsh (25 January 2024). "'A tax cut for every Australian taxpayer': Anthony Albanese unveils stage 3 tax cut changes". 9 News.
    31. ↑ Josh Nicholas (25 January 2024). "Stage-three tax cuts: how the Albanese government's changes will affect you". The Guardian.
    32. ↑ "Treasury Laws Amendment (Cost of Living Tax Cuts) Bill 2024". aph.gov.au.
    33. ↑ "Senate – Official Hansard – Tuesday, 26 July 2022: Forty-Seventh Parliament First Session—First Period". parlinfo.aph.gov.au. Australian Senate. 26 July 2022.
    34. ↑ "2022 – The Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia – House of Representatives Votes and Proceedings – No. 1 Tuesday, 26 July 2022". parlinfo.aph.gov.au. Australian House of Representatives. 26 July 2022.
    35. ↑ "A diverse cabinet that better reflects our nation". The Age. Fairfax Media. Retrieved 1 June 2022.
    36. ↑ Zaunmayr, Tom (22 May 2022). "FULL LIST: Record number of Indigenous MPs voted in to serve the Australian people". National Indigenous Times. Retrieved 12 June 2022.
    37. ↑ "After a 'watershed year', Australia is on track for its highest number of women in parliament". SBS News. Retrieved 12 June 2022.
    38. ↑ Bowman, Jan (19 May 2022). "Could the LGBTQI vote make a difference in Brisbane?" . Retrieved 12 June 2022.
    39. ↑ "LNP candidate hoping to make Queensland history in 2019 federal election". ABC News. 14 May 2019. Retrieved 12 June 2022.
    40. ↑ Reynolds, Andrew (2019). The Children of Harvey Milk: How LGBTQ Politicians Changed the World. Oxford University Press. ISBN   978-0-19-046095-2.
    41. ↑ Kohn, Peter. "Macnamara's first MP". www.australianjewishnews.com. Retrieved 12 June 2022.
    42. ↑ "Australia's first two Muslim federal ministers say symbolism matters, but their responsibility is to deliver". SBS News. Retrieved 12 June 2022.
    This page is based on this Wikipedia article
    Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
    Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.