Allocasuarina fraseriana

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Allocasuarina fraseriana
Allocasuarina fraseriana 2.jpg
A. fraseriana in Albany
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fagales
Family: Casuarinaceae
Genus: Allocasuarina
Species:
A. fraseriana
Binomial name
Allocasuarina fraseriana
AllocasuarinafraserianaDistributionMap19.png
Occurrence data from AVH
Allocasuarina fraseriana woodland in Albany Allocasuarina fraseriana.jpg
Allocasuarina fraseriana woodland in Albany
Allocasuarina fraseriana fruit Allocasuarina fraseriana fruit.jpg
Allocasuarina fraseriana fruit
fruit (detail) Allocasuarina fraseriana - Flickr - Kevin Thiele.jpg
fruit (detail)

Allocasuarina fraseriana, commonly known as western sheoak, [3] or Fraser's sheoak [4] is a species of flowering plant in the family Casuarinaceae, and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. The Noongar peoples know the tree as kondil, [5] condil, [6] kulli or gulli. [7] It is a monoecious tree that has branchlets up to 300 mm (12 in) long, the leaves reduced to scales in whorls of six to eight, and the mature fruiting cones 15–40 mm (0.59–1.57 in) long, containing winged seeds (samaras) 9–10 mm (0.35–0.39 in) long.

Contents

Description

Allocasuarina fraseriana is a monoecious tree that typically grows to a height of 5–15 m (16–49 ft), the trunk with a dbh of 0.5–1 m (1 ft 8 in – 3 ft 3 in). Its branchlets are more or less erect, up to 300 mm (12 in) long, the leaves reduced to spreading, scale-like teeth 0.7–1.2 mm (0.028–0.047 in) long, arranged in whorls of six to eight around the branchlets. The sections of branchlet between the leaf whorls (the "articles") are 7–15 mm (0.28–0.59 in) long and 0.8–1.3 mm (0.031–0.051 in) in diameter. Male flowers are arranged in spikes 30–80 mm (1.2–3.1 in) long, the anthers 0.7–1.2 mm (0.028–0.047 in) long. Female cones are shortly cylindrical and covered with soft hair when young, the mature cones 15–40 mm (0.59–1.57 in) long and 15–22 mm (0.59–0.87 in) in diameter, the samaras 9–10 mm (0.35–0.39 in) long. Flowering occurs from May to October. [3] [8] [9] [10]

Taxonomy

This species of sheoak was first formally described in 1848 by Friedrich Anton Wilhelm Miquel who gave it the name Casuarina fraseriana in Revisio critica Casuarinarum. [11] It was reclassified in 1982 as Allocasuarina fraseriana by Lawrie Johnson in the Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens . [12] The specific name fraseriana honours the botanist Charles Fraser. [13]

Distribution and habitat

Allocasuarina fraseriana grows in jarrah woodland and open forest in near-coastal regions between Perth and Albany, with a disjunct population between Moora and Jurien Bay, in the Jarrah Forest, Swan Coastal Plain and Warren bioregions of south-western Western Australia. [3] [9]

Conservation status

Western sheoak is listed as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions. [9]

Ecology

The seed of the plant is favoured by red-eared firetails (Stagonopleura oculata), an endemic grass finch. [14]

Uses

Indigenous uses

Noongar women give birth beneath the tree because of the soft needles. The needles were also used for bedding in shelters and often covered with a kangaroo skin cloak to make a bed. [7] The wood was used to make boomerangs. [5]

Construction

Early settlers of Western Australia used sheoak timber for roof shingles. Later it was used in the construction of kegs and casks. Today, the timber is prized for its broad medullary rays, and is often used for wood-turning and carving of decorative ornaments. The sapwood is a pale yellow colour and the heartwood is dark-red to brown. The texture is moderately fine and even. Green wood has a density is about 1,000 kg/m3 (1,700 lb/cu yd), and of air-dried wood is about 730 kg/m3 (1,230 lb/cu yd). [8]

Related Research Articles

<i>Allocasuarina</i> Genus of flowering plants

Allocasuarina, commonly known as sheoak or she-oak, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Casuarinaceae and is endemic to Australia. Plants in the genus Allocasuarina are trees or shrubs with soft, pendulous, green branchlets, the leaves reduced to scale-like teeth. Allocasuarinas are either monoecious or dioecious, the flowers never bisexual. Male and female flowers are arranged in spikes, the female spikes developing into cone-like structures enclosing winged seeds.

<i>Casuarina</i> Genus of trees

Casuarina is a genus of flowering plants in the family Casuarinaceae, and is native to Australia, the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, islands of the western Pacific Ocean, and eastern Africa. Plants in the genus Casuarina are monoecious or dioecious trees with green, pendulous, photosynthetic branchlets, the leaves reduced to small scales arranged in whorls around the branchlets, the male and female flowers arranged in separate spikes, the fruit a cone containing grey or yellowish-brown winged seeds.

<i>Allocasuarina humilis</i> Species of flowering plant

Allocasuarina humilis, commonly known as the dwarf sheoak or dwarf casuarina, is a woody shrub of the family Casuarinaceae endemic to the south-west of Western Australia.

<i>Allocasuarina distyla</i> Species of flowering plant

Allocasuarina distyla, commonly known as scrub she-oak, is a species of flowering plant in the family Casuarinaceae and is endemic to south-eastern New South Wales. It is a dioecious shrub that has branchlets up to 350 mm (14 in) long, the leaves reduced to scales in whorls of six to eight, the fruiting cones 13–35 mm (0.51–1.38 in) long containing winged seeds (samaras) 4.0–8.0 mm (0.16–0.31 in) long.

<i>Allocasuarina decaisneana</i> Species of plant

Allocasuarina decaisneana, commonly known as desert oak, desert sheoak, or kurkara by the Anangu peoples, is a species of flowering plant in the family Casuarinaceae and is endemic to the Central Australia. It is a dioecious tree that typically grows to a height of 10–16 m (33–52 ft) and has long, drooping branchlets, the leaves reduced to scales in whorls of four, the mature fruiting cones 28–95 mm (1.1–3.7 in) long containing winged seeds (samaras) 8.5–17 mm (0.33–0.67 in) long.

<i>Casuarina obesa</i> Species of tree

Casuarina obesa, commonly known as swamp she-oak, swamp oak or western swamp oak, or as goolee, kweela, kwerl and quilinock by the Noongar peoples, is a species of flowering plant in the family Casuarinaceae and is endemic to southern continental Australia. It is a dioecious small tree or shrub that forms root suckers, and has drooping or spreading branchlets, the leaves reduced to scales in whorls of 12 to 16, the fruit 10–20 mm (0.39–0.79 in) long containing winged seeds (samaras) 3–5 mm (0.12–0.20 in) long.

<i>Allocasuarina crassa</i> Species of tree

Allocasuarina crassa, commonly known as Cape Pillar sheoak, is a species of flowering plant in the family Casuarinaceae and is endemic to a small area in far south-eastern Tasmania. It is a low shrub to small tree that is monoecious or dioecious, with spreading to erect branchlets up to 170 mm (6.7 in) long, the leaves reduced to scales in whorls of seven to ten, the fruiting cones 15–34 mm (0.59–1.34 in) long containing winged seeds (samaras) 5–8 mm (0.20–0.31 in) long.

<i>Allocasuarina campestris</i> Species of flowering plant

Allocasuarina campestris is a species of flowering plant in the family Casuarinaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a dense, monoecious or dioecious shrub that has more or less erect branchlets, the leaves reduced to scales in whorls of seven to nine, the mature fruiting cones 19–42 mm (0.75–1.65 in) long containing winged seeds (samaras) 4.7–10 mm (0.19–0.39 in) long.

<i>Allocasuarina defungens</i> Species of tree

Allocasuarina defungens, commonly known as dwarf heath casuarina, is a species of flowering plant in the family Casuarinaceae and is endemic to a restricted area of New South Wales. It is a straggly, dioecious or monoecious shrub that has branchlets up to 120 mm (4.7 in) long, the leaves reduced to scales in whorls of five to seven, the fruiting cones 8–11 mm (0.31–0.43 in) long containing winged seeds (samaras) about 3 mm (0.12 in) long.

<i>Allocasuarina brachystachya</i> Species of flowering plant

Allocasuarina brachystachya is a species of flowering plant in the family Casuarinaceae and is endemic to the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales. It is an open, usually monoecious shrub that has branchlets up to 70 mm (2.8 in) long, the leaves reduced to scales in whorls of 5 to 7, the fruiting cones 7–14 mm (0.28–0.55 in) long containing winged seeds (samaras) 2.5–4 mm (0.098–0.157 in) long.

<i>Allocasuarina acuaria</i> Species of flowering plant

Allocasuarina acuaria is a species of flowering plant in the family Casuarinaceae and is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It is a dioecious shrub that has erect branchlets, the leaves reduced to scales in whorls of four on the ends of the branchlets, the fruiting cones 15–19 mm (0.59–0.75 in) long containing winged seeds (samaras) about 6 mm (0.24 in) long.

<i>Allocasuarina acutivalvis</i> Species of flowering plant

Allocasuarina acutivalvis is a species of flowering plant in the family Casuarinaceae and is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It is a dioecious shrub to small tree that has erect branchlets, the leaves reduced to scales in whorls of 10 to 14, the fruiting cones 15–35 mm (0.59–1.38 in) long containing winged seeds (samaras) 6–12 mm (0.24–0.47 in) long.

<i>Allocasuarina corniculata</i> Species of flowering plant

Allocasuarina corniculata is a species of flowering plant in the family Casuarinaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is an erect to spreading, dioecious shrub that has more or less erect branchlets, the leaves reduced to scales in whorls of six to eleven, the mature fruiting cones 8–15 mm (0.31–0.59 in) long containing winged seeds (samaras) 3–4 mm (0.12–0.16 in) long.

<i>Allocasuarina dielsiana</i> Species of flowering plant

Allocasuarina dielsiana, commonly known as northern sheoak, is a species of flowering plant in the family Casuarinaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a dioecious tree that has more or less erect branchlets, the leaves reduced to scales in whorls of six to eight, and the mature fruiting cones 14–30 mm (0.55–1.18 in) long containing winged seeds (samaras) 8–10 mm (0.31–0.39 in) long.

<i>Allocasuarina drummondiana</i> Species of flowering plant

Allocasuarina drummondiana is a species of flowering plant in the family Casuarinaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is an intricately branched, dioecious shrub that has its leaves reduced to scales in whorls of six or seven, the mature fruiting cones 8–15 mm (0.31–0.59 in) long containing winged seeds (samaras) 3–4 mm (0.12–0.16 in) long.

<i>Allocasuarina eriochlamys</i> Species of flowering plant

Allocasuarina eriochlamys is a species of flowering plant in the family Casuarinaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a dense, erect, monoecious or dioecious shrub that has more or less erect branchlets, its leaves reduced to scales in whorls of eight to ten, the mature fruiting cones 20–45 mm (0.79–1.77 in) long containing winged seeds (samaras) 5.0–10.5 mm (0.20–0.41 in) long.

<i>Allocasuarina fibrosa</i> Species of flowering plant

Allocasuarina fibrosa, commonly known as woolly sheoak, is a species of flowering plant in the family Casuarinaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a dioecious shrub that has branchlets 20–50 mm (0.79–1.97 in) long, the leaves reduced to scales in whorls of four, and the mature fruiting cones 11–25 mm (0.43–0.98 in) long containing winged seeds (samaras) 6–7 mm (0.24–0.28 in) long.

<i>Allocasuarina duncanii</i> Species of flowering plant

Allocasuarina duncanii, commonly known as Duncan's sheoak, or conical sheoak, is a species of flowering plant in the family Casuarinaceae and is endemic to Tasmania. It is a small dioecious tree that has branchlets up to 200 mm (7.9 in) long, the leaves reduced to scales in whorls of seven to nine, and the fruiting cones 15–60 mm (0.59–2.36 in) long containing winged seeds (samaras) 6–10 mm (0.24–0.39 in) long.

Allocasuarina filidens, commonly known as the Mt Beerwah she-oak, is a species of flowering plant in the family Casuarinaceae and is endemic to a restricted area of Queensland. It is a dioecious shrub that has more or less erect branchlets up to 200 mm (7.9 in) long, the leaves reduced to scales in whorls of five or six, the fruiting cones 14–30 mm (0.55–1.18 in) long containing winged seeds (samaras) 6.5–9 mm (0.26–0.35 in) long.

Allocasuarina anfractuosa, commonly known as sinuous sheoak, is a species of flowering plant in the family Casuarinaceae and is endemic to a restricted area in the southwest of Western Australia. It is a bushy, monoecious shrub that has spreading, sinuous branchlets, the leaves reduced to scales in whorls of 11 to 15, the fruiting cones 28–35 mm (1.1–1.4 in) long containing winged seeds (samaras) 10–12 mm (0.39–0.47 in) long.

References

  1. ↑ IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group & Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI) (2020). "Allocasuarina fraseriana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T172665268A172923755. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T172665268A172923755.en . Retrieved 14 August 2021.
  2. ↑ "Allocasuarina fraseriana". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 30 May 2023.
  3. 1 2 3 "Allocasuarina fraseriana". Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment: Canberra. Retrieved 30 May 2023.
  4. ↑ "Allocasuarina fraseriana Common name: Fraser's Sheoak". Friends of Queens Park Bushland. 2011. Retrieved 24 November 2016.
  5. 1 2 "Noongar glossary; Noongar Words and Definitions". Government of Western Australia. 2022. Retrieved 6 August 2022.
  6. ↑ "Noongar names for plants". kippleonline.net. Archived from the original on 2016-11-20. Retrieved 24 November 2016.
  7. 1 2 "Plants of the Denmark walk trails: Traditional Noongar Names and Uses". Green skills Inc. Archived from the original on 2017-07-12. Retrieved 28 May 2017.
  8. 1 2 "Species information" (PDF). Western Australia Forest Products Commission. p. 45. Retrieved 30 May 2023.
  9. 1 2 3 "Allocasuarina fraseriana". FloraBase . Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
  10. ↑ Holliday, Ivan (1989). A Field Guide to Australian Trees. Melbourne: Hamlyn Australia. p. 44. ISBN   978-0-947334-08-6.
  11. ↑ "Casuarina fraseriana". APNI. Retrieved 30 May 2023.
  12. ↑ "Allocasuarina fraseriana". APNI. Retrieved 30 May 2023.
  13. ↑ Sharr, Francis Aubi; George, Alex (2019). Western Australian Plant Names and Their Meanings (3rd ed.). Kardinya, WA: Four Gables Press. p. 202. ISBN   9780958034180.
  14. ↑ Storr, G. M. (1991). Birds of the South-west Division of Western Australia (PDF). Records of the Western Australian Museum, Supplement no. 35. Western Australian Museum. pp. 132–33. OCLC   24474223. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-09-28.
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