Amphinomidae

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Amphinomidae
Temporal range: Carboniferous – Recent [1]
Bearded Fireworm (Small).jpg
Hermodice carunculata
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Annelida
Clade: Pleistoannelida
Subclass: Errantia
Clade: Aciculata
Family: Amphinomidae

Amphinomidae, also known as the bristle worms or sea mice, [2] are a family of marine polychaetes, many species of which bear chaetae mineralized with carbonate. [3] The best-known amphinomids are the fireworms, which can cause great pain if their toxin-coated chaetae are touched or trodden on. [4] Their relationship to other polychaete groups is somewhat poorly resolved. [4]

Contents

Complanine

Complanine is a quaternary ammonium salt that has been isolated from the marine fireworm Eurythoe complanata . It causes an inflammatory effect upon contact with the skin or mucous membranes.

It was previously known that handling the fireworm caused it to release a chemical that induces inflammation of the skin of marine predators and mammals (including humans). Complanine was the first compound isolated from the fireworm which causes these effects. [5] [6] It is presumed that this compound's function is to deter predators of the fireworm.

Species

Chloeia flava Chloeia flava.jpg
Chloeia flava
Cryptonome conclava Cryptonome conclava - Journal.pone.0053590.g003-d.png
Cryptonome conclava
Eurythoe complanata Eurythoe complanata.jpg
Eurythoe complanata
Hermodice carunculata Hermodice carunculata (Bearded Fireworm).jpg
Hermodice carunculata
Hermodice carunculata Puz u moru 3.jpg
Hermodice carunculata
Notopygos ornata Notopygos ornata - ZooKeys-223-069-g005-bottom.jpeg
Notopygos ornata
Paramphinome jeffreysii Paramphinome jeffreysii.jpg
Paramphinome jeffreysii
Pherecardia striata Pherecardia striata.JPG
Pherecardia striata

Most genera in Amphinomidae are divided into two subfamilies: Amphinominae, and Archinominae. [7] [lower-alpha 1]

Amphinominae Lamarck, 1818

Archinominae Kudenov, 1991

Subfamily not assigned

Notes

  1. ↑ A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than the present genus.

Related Research Articles

<i>Glycera</i> (annelid) Genus of annelid worms

The genus Glycera is a group of polychaetes commonly known as bloodworms. They are typically found on the bottom of shallow marine waters, and some species can grow up to 35 cm (14 in) in length.

<i>Nereis</i> Genus of annelid worms

Nereis is a genus of polychaete worms in the family Nereididae. It comprises many species, most of which are marine. Nereis possess setae and parapodia for locomotion and gas exchange. They may have two types of setae, which are found on the parapodia. Acicular setae provide support. Locomotor setae are for crawling, and are the bristles that are visible on the exterior of the Polychaeta. They are cylindrical in shape, found not only in sandy areas, and they are adapted to burrow. They often cling to seagrass (posidonia) or other grass on rocks and sometimes gather in large groups.

<i>Aphrodita</i> Genus of marine worms

Aphrodita is a genus of marine polychaete worms found in the Mediterranean Sea and the Eastern and Western Atlantic Oceans.

<i>Nephtys</i> Genus of annelids

Nephtys is a genus of marine catworms. Some species are halotolerant to a degree in that they can survive in estuaries and estuarine lagoons down to a salinity of 20 psu.

<i>Harmothoe</i> Genus of annelids

Harmothoe is a genus of marine Polychaete worms belonging to the family Polynoidae. Species of Harmothoe are found world-wide to depths of at least 5,000 m but are more common in shallower water.

<i>Phyllodoce</i> (annelid) Genus of annelids

Phyllodoce is a genus of polychaete worms, which contains about 200 species. The prostomium bears eyes, two pairs of antennae and a pair of large retractile nuchal organs. The eversible proboscis is clearly divided into two parts.

Lysidice is a genus of polychaete worms in the family Eunicidae.

<i>Chloeia</i> Genus of annelids

Chloeia is a genus of marine polychaete worms.

<i>Ceratonereis</i> Genus of annelid worms

Ceratonereis is a genus of polychaete worms from the family Nereididae.

<i>Eulalia</i> (annelid) Genus of annelids

Eulalia is a genus of polychaete worms.

<i>Lepidonotus</i> Genus of annelids


Lepidonotus is a genus of marine annelids in the family Polynoidae. The genus occurs globally and includes 80 species, usually found in shallow waters down to about 80 metres.

Aglaophamus is a genus of free-burrowing nephtyid worms.

Marphysa is a genus of annelids belonging to the family Eunicidae.

<i>Eurythoe</i> (annelid)

Eurythoe is a genus of polychaetes belonging to the family Amphinomidae.

<i>Odontosyllis</i>

Odontosyllis is a genus of annelids belonging to the family Syllidae.

<i>Euphrosine</i> (annelid) Genus of annelids

Euphrosine is a genus of polychaetes belonging to the family Euphrosinidae.

Amphinome is a genus of polychaetes belonging to the family Amphinomidae.

Linopherus is a genus of polychaetes belonging to the family Amphinomidae.

Lumbrineris is a genus of polychaetes belonging to the family Lumbrineridae.

References

  1. ↑ Pleijel, F.; Rouse, G. W.; Vannier, J. (2004). "Carboniferous fireworms (Amphinomida : Annelida), with a discussion of species taxa in palaeontology". Invertebrate Systematics. 18 (6): 693. doi:10.1071/IS04003.
  2. ↑ P. Gopalakrishnakone; National University of Singapore. Venom & Toxin Research Group (1990). A Colour Guide to Dangerous Animals. NUS Press. p. 99. ISBN   978-9971-69-150-9.
  3. ↑ Barroso, R. M.; Paiva, P. C. (2010). "A new deep-sea species of Chloeia (Polychaeta: Amphinomidae) from southern Brazil". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. 91 (2): 419. doi:10.1017/S0025315410001499. S2CID   87982759.
  4. 1 2 Wiklund, H.; Nygren, A.; Pleijel, F.; Sundberg, P. (2008). "The phylogenetic relationships between Amphinomidae, Archinomidae and Euphrosinidae (Amphinomida: Aciculata: Polychaeta), inferred from molecular data". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the UK. 88 (3): 509–513. doi:10.1017/S0025315408000982. S2CID   84732410.
  5. ↑ Kazuhiko Nakamura; Yu Tachikawa; Makoto Kitamura; Osamu Ohno; Masami Suganuma; Daisuke Uemura (2008). "Complanine, an inflammation-inducing substance isolated from the marine fireworm Eurythoe complanata". Org. Biomol. Chem. 6 (12): 2058–2060. doi:10.1039/b803107j. PMID   18528565.
  6. ↑ Nakamura, Kazuhiko; Tachikawa, Yu; Uemura, Daisuke (2009). "(−)-Complanine, an inflammatory substance of marine fireworm: a synthetic study". Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry. 5: 12. doi:10.3762/bjoc.5.12. PMC   2686394 . PMID   19478919.
  7. ↑ "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Amphinomidae Lamarck, 1818".
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