Aspidoras

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Aspidoras
Aspidoras fuscoguttatus.jpg
Aspidoras fuscoguttatus
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Siluriformes
Family: Callichthyidae
Subfamily: Corydoradinae
Genus: Aspidoras
R. Ihering, 1907
Type species
Aspidoras rochai
Ihering, 1907

Aspidoras is a genus of catfishes of the family Callichthyidae from Brazil.

Contents

Taxonomy

The type species for this genus is Aspidoras rochai . The name Aspidoras is derived from the Greek aspis (shield) and dora (skin). [1]

Aspidoras is easily distinguished from the other genera of the subfamily Corydoradinae by the presence of a supraoccipital fontanel; this character is an autapomorphy for the genus. [2] Many of the species of Aspidoras are similar and often hard to distinguish. Without specimens, it is often very difficult to positively identify a species from photographs alone. They are all small species. [2] A. taurus is exceptional in that it just surpasses 5 cm in length. [3]

The monophyly of the genus has been demonstrated. [4]

Species

There are currently 18 recognized species in this genus:

Distribution

Aspidoras species are endemic to small and shallow streams draining the Brazilian Shield. [3] The species of Aspidoras are distributed in eastern and central Brazil. [17] Most species are narrowly endemic, occurring in restricted areas of some major river drainages: A. fuscoguttatus and A. lakoi from the Paraná River system. A. albater, A. eurycephalus and A. gabrieli from the Tocantins River system. A. brunneus, A. marianae and A. microgalaeus from the Xingu River system. A. belenos, A. pauciradiatus and A. velites from Araguaia River system. A. rochai from rivers around Fortaleza. A. raimundi from the Parnaíba River. A. carvalhoi from rivers around Guaramiranga, Ceará State. A. maculosus from the Itapicuru River. A. menezesi from the Jaguaribe River. A. spilotus from the Acaráu River. A. poecilus from the Xingu River, Araguaia River, and Tocantins River systems. A. psammatides from the Paraguaçu River. A. virgulatus from the coastal rivers in Espírito Santo. A. depinnai is from the Ipojuca River basin, Pernambuco State. [2] A. taurus is known from the upper Itiquira River and upper Taquari River, both tributaries of the Paraguay River, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. [3]

In the aquarium

Aspidoras do fairly well in aquaria under similar conditions as for most Corydoras species. The water conditions that seem best are a pH of 6.8 to 7.0 and a temperature of about 22 °C to 26 °C. The species that is most likely to be found in an aquarium is the sixray corydoras, Aspidoras pauciradiatus .

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Callichthyidae</span> Family of fishes

Callichthyidae is a family of catfishes, called armored catfishes due to the two rows of bony plates along the lengths of their bodies. It contains some of the most popular freshwater aquarium fish, such as many species in the genus Corydoras.

<i>Hypostomus</i> Genus of fishes

Hypostomus is a genus of catfish in the family Loricariidae. They are native to tropical and subtropical South America. H. plecostomus is the popular freshwater aquarium fish formerly known as Plecostomus plecostomus. The taxonomic structure of the Loricariidae is still being expanded by scientists. Hypostomus is a highly species-rich and widely distributed catfish genus.

<i>Corydoras</i> Genus of fishes

Corydoras is a genus of freshwater catfish in the family Callichthyidae and subfamily Corydoradinae. The species usually have more restricted areas of endemism than other callichthyids, but the area of distribution of the entire genus almost equals the area of distribution of the family, except for Panama where Corydoras is not present. Corydoras species are distributed in South America where they can be found from the east of the Andes to the Atlantic coast, from Trinidad to the Río de la Plata drainage in northern Argentina. Species assigned to Corydoras display a broad diversity of body shapes and coloration. Corydoras are small fish, ranging from 2.5 to 12 cm in SL., and are protected from predators by their body armor and by their sharp, typically venomous spines.

<i>Otocinclus</i> Genus of fishes

Otocinclus is a genus of catfish in the family Loricariidae native to South America, commonly known as "dwarf suckers" or "otos". This genus, like other loricariids, is characterized by rows of armour plating covering the body, as well as the underslung suckermouth. They are generally small in size; O. tapirape is the smallest of the species (2.4 cm), while O. flexilis is the biggest (5.5 cm). These species have adaptations that allow them to breathe air. A duct forms at the junction between the esophagus and the stomach and expands into an enlarged, ring-like diverticulum, characteristic of this genus, which allows air-breathing. Otocinclus are popular aquarium fish, and they are often purchased as algae eaters. It is difficult to breed them in captivity, and only wild caught Otocinclus are available to hobbyists. This genus is widely distributed east of the Andes of South America, throughout the lowlands from northern Venezuela to northern Argentina, but are generally absent from the Amazon and the Orinoco lowlands.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Banded corydoras</span> Species of fish

The banded corydoras or bearded catfish is a subtropical freshwater fish belonging to the subfamily Corydoradinae of the family Callichthyidae. It originates in coastal drainages in South America from Rio de Janeiro to Santa Catarina, Brazil.

Corydoras narcissus, commonly known as the long nosed arched cory, is a freshwater fish belonging to the Corydoradinae subfamily of the family Callichthyidae, native to the Madeira and Purus river basins in Amazonian Brazil. It has a longer, more concave ("saddle-shaped") nose, but its color pattern resembles that also seen in a few other Corydoras species from the western Amazon basin, as well as Brachyrhamdia thayeria; they all have spiny fins with a painful but not dangerous venom and their similarity is an example of Müllerian mimicry. C. narcissus generally is an uncommon species in its range.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hog-nosed catfish</span> Species of fish

The hog-nosed catfish is a tropical freshwater fish belonging to the Corydoradinae sub-family of the family Callichthyidae. It is native to South America, and is found in the western Amazon basin in Ecuador and Peru. This species is traditionally placed in Brochis but the genus is a synonym of Corydoras. FishBase continues to recognize Brochis as a valid genus.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sixray corydoras</span> Species of fish

The sixray corydoras or false corydoras is a tropical freshwater fish belonging to the Corydoradinae sub-family of the family Callichthyidae. It originates in inland waters in South America, and is found in the upper Araguaia River basin in Brazil.

Aspidoras rochai or loach catfish is a tropical freshwater fish belonging to the Corydoradinae sub-family of the family Callichthyidae. It originates in inland waters in South America, and is found in coastal rivers in Ceará, Brazil.

<i>Callichthys</i> Genus of fishes

Callichthys is a small genus of freshwater catfish in the Callichthyinae subfamily of the armored catfish family, and consists of 4 species from South America. The genus Callichthys is distributed in most freshwater drainages of South America.

<i>Rineloricaria</i> Genus of fishes

Rineloricaria is a genus of freshwater tropical catfish belonging to the family Loricariidae. They are commonly called whiptail catfish because of the long filament that grows out of the tip of the caudal fin that is characteristic of the genus. With the exception of R. altipinnis from Panama, they are native to the rivers of northern and central South America. Some species are regularly seen in the aquarium trade.

<i>Loricaria</i> Genus of fishes

Loricaria is a genus of armored catfish native to South America.

<i>Scleromystax</i> Genus of fishes

Scleromystax is a genus of fish in the family Callichthyidae endemic to small tributaries from several coastal river basins draining the southern and southeastern regions in Brazil. Most of the species of Scleromystax are highly sexually dimorphic; males have developed odontodes inserted in fleshy papillae on the preopercular-opercular region and the dorsal and pectoral fins are 2–3 times as long as those of females. S. salmacis is an exception, as its sexually dimorphic features are subtle and non-remarkable.

Lepthoplosternum altamazonicum is a species of catfish of the family Callichthyidae. It is found in the upper Amazon River basin in Peru and Brazil,

Lepthoplosternum pectorale is a species of catfish of the family Callichthyidae. It is found in Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay where it occurs in the Paraguay River.

Scleromystax salmacis is a species of catfish of the family Callichthyidae. S. salmacis has the southernmost distribution of its genus. It is known from the Mampituba River and Araranguá River basins in southern Santa Catarina State of Brazil, and the Ratones River, a small coastal river drainage in Florianópolis.

Corydoras fulleri, formerly identified as C116/115, is a tropical freshwater fish belonging to the subfamily Corydoradinae of the family Callichthyidae native to South America where it is found in two tributaries of the río Manuripe and a tributary of the río Madre de Dios, rio Madeira basin, Peru. It lives in a tropical climate in water with a temperature range of 22–26 °C (72–79 °F).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ian A. M. Fuller</span>

Ian Alexander McDonald Fuller is an English aquarist and ichthyologist.

<i>Corydoras arcuatus</i> Species of fish

Corydoras arcuatus is a species of freshwater fish in the armored catfish family Callichthyidae. It is restricted to the western Amazon basin, where only known from small blackwater or clearwater streams in the middle Juruá River basin, the Javari River basin and streams near Leticia in western Brazil, far northeastern Peru and far southeastern Colombia.

References

  1. ↑ Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2015). Species of Aspidoras in FishBase . April 2015 version.
  2. 1 2 3 Britto, M.R. (2000). "Aspidoras depinnai (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae): A New Species from Northeastern Brazil". Copeia . 2000 (4): 1048–1055. doi:10.1643/0045-8511(2000)000[1048:adscan]2.0.co;2. S2CID   54754393.
  3. 1 2 3 Lima, F.C.T. & Britto, M.R. (2001). "New Catfish of the Genus Aspidoras (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae) from the Upper Rio Paraguai System in Brazil". Copeia . 2001 (4): 1010–1016. doi:10.1643/0045-8511(2001)001[1010:ncotga]2.0.co;2. S2CID   86690111.
  4. ↑ Britto, M.R. (2003). "Phylogeny of the subfamily Corydoradinae Hoedeman, 1952 (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae), with a definition of its genera" (PDF). Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 153: 119–154. doi:10.1635/0097-3157(2003)153[0119:potsch]2.0.co;2. S2CID   85655845. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-09-28.
  5. ↑ Nijssen, H; Isbrücker, IJH (1976). "The South American plated catfish genus Aspidoras R. von Ihering, 1907, with descriptions of nine new species from Brazil (Pices, Siluriformes, Callichthyidae)". Bijdr. Dierkd. 46 (1): 107–31. doi: 10.1163/26660644-04601006 .
  6. ↑ Tencatt, Luiz Fernando Caserta; Britto, Marcelo R.; Isbrücker, Isaäc Jan Hendrik; Pavanelli, Carla Simone (14 October 2022). "Taxonomy of the armored catfish genus Aspidoras (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae) revisited, with the description of a new species". Neotropical Ichthyology. 20 (3). doi: 10.1590/1982-0224-2022-0040 . S2CID   252980979 . Retrieved 9 February 2023.
  7. ↑ Tencatt, Luiz F. C.; Muriel‐Cunha, Janice; Zuanon, Jansen; Ferreira, Marlon F. C.; Britto, Marcelo R. (October 2020). "A journey through the Amazon Middle Earth reveals Aspidoras azaghal (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae), a new species of armoured catfish from the rio Xingu basin, Brazil". Journal of Fish Biology. 97 (4): 1072–1086. doi:10.1111/jfb.14467. PMID   32672364. S2CID   220584976 . Retrieved 9 February 2023.
  8. ↑ Britto, MR (1998). "Two new species of the genus Aspidoras (Siluriformes : Callichthyidae) from Central Brazil". Ichthyol Explor Freshw. 8 (4): 359–68.
  9. ↑ Britto, Marcelo R. (2000). "Aspidoras depinnai (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae): A New Species from Northeastern Brazil". Copeia. 2000 (4): 1048–1055. doi:10.1643/0045-8511(2000)000[1048:ADSCAN]2.0.CO;2. JSTOR   1448015. S2CID   54754393.
  10. ↑ Wosiacki W.B.; Pereira T.d.G.; Reis R.E. (2014). "Description of a New Species of Aspidoras (Siluriformes, Callichthyidae) from the Serra dos Carajás, Lower Tocantins River Basin, Brazil". Copeia. 2014 (2): 309–316. doi:10.1643/ci-13-091. S2CID   84670754.
  11. ↑ Oliveira, Lívia M. A.; Zanata, Angela M.; Tencatt, Luiz F. C.; Britto, Marcelo R. (30 March 2017). "A new species of Aspidoras (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae) from a small coastal drainage in northeastern Brazil". Neotropical Ichthyology. 15. doi: 10.1590/1982-0224-20160118 . Retrieved 9 February 2023.
  12. ↑ Miranda-Ribeiro, P (1949). "Duas novas espécies de peixes na coleção ictiológica do Museu Nacional (Pisces, Callichthyidae et Pygidiidae)". Rev Bras Biol. 9 (2): 143–45.
  13. ↑ Caserta Tencatt; L.F.; and M. Elina Bichuette (2017). Aspidoras mephisto, new species: The first troglobitic Callichthyidae (Teleostei: Siluriformes) from South America. PLoS ONE 12(3): e0171309.
  14. ↑ Britto, Marcelo R.; Lima, Flávio C. T.; Santos, Alexandre C. A. (December 2005). "A new Aspidoras (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae) from rio Paraguaçu basin, Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil". Neotropical Ichthyology. 3 (4): 473–479. doi: 10.1590/S1679-62252005000400004 .
  15. ↑ Ihering, R (1907). "Diversas espécies novas de peixes nemathognathas do Brasil". Notas Preliminares. Rev Mus Paul. 1 (1): 13–39.
  16. ↑ Britto, MR; Lima, FCT; Moreira, CR (2002). "Aspidoras velites, a new catfish from the upper Rio Araguaia basin, Brazil (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Callichthyidae)". Proc Biol Soc Wash. 115 (4): 727–36. Retrieved 9 February 2023.
  17. ↑ Reis, R.E. (1997). "Aspidoras". Tree of Life Web Project.
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