Audi Q5

Last updated

Audi Q5
2017 Audi Q5 (FY) TDI Sport quattro ultra wagon (2018-09-17) 01.jpg
Overview
Manufacturer Audi
Production2008–present
Model years 2009–present
Body and chassis
Class Compact luxury crossover SUV

The Audi Q5 is a series of compact luxury crossover SUVs produced by the German luxury car manufacturer Audi from 2008. [1] The original first-generation (Typ 8R) model was the third member of the B8 family to be released after the Audi A5 and fourth-generation A4, all being based on the Audi MLB platform. The second generation Q5 (Typ 80A) debuted in 2016 and shares the Audi MLB Evo platform with the corresponding B9 versions of the A4 and A5.

Contents

First generation (Typ 8R; 2008)

First generation (8R)
Audi Q5 -- 03-16-2012.JPG
Overview
ProductionJuly 2008 – 2017 [2]
Model years 2009–2017
Assembly
Designer Christian Winkelmann (2005) [3] [4]
Body and chassis
Body style 5-door SUV
Layout Front-engine, four-wheel-drive (quattro)
Platform MLB
Related Porsche Macan
Powertrain
Engine
Transmission
Dimensions
Wheelbase 2,807 mm (110.5 in)
Length4,639 mm (182.6 in)
Width1,880 mm (74.0 in)
Height1,650 mm (65.0 in)
Kerb weight 1,850 kg (4,080 lb)

Audi Cross Cabriolet quattro concept (2007)

A concept vehicle for the then upcoming Q5, this was a 2-door convertible with a 3.0 TDI engine rated at 240 PS (177 kW; 237 hp) and 500 N⋅m (369 lbf⋅ft) torque, quattro permanent four wheel drive, 8-speed automatic transmission, Copper Sunset body, LED headlights, 21-inch wheels with 265/35R21 tyres, seats with White Stone leather upholstery, MMI, 505W Bang & Olufsen sound system and internet radio, CDC (continuous damping control) shock absorbers, electric ride height adjustment (40 mm), 380/356 mm front/rear ceramic brake discs with 6-piston monobloc aluminium front, and floating rear callipers, Audi Drive Select. [5] The vehicle was unveiled at the 2007 Los Angeles Auto Show. [6]

Initial version

Q5 (2008)

The vehicle was unveiled at the 2008 Beijing Auto Show, [7] and later at the 2008 Los Angeles Auto Show. [8]

Early models include the 2.0 TFSI quattro (211PS), 2.0 TDI quattro (170PS), 3.0 TDI quattro. [9]

Initial vehicle models for US, Canada & Brazil include the 3.2 FSI.

The Q5 commenced shipments in October 2008 for Europe, and in the first quarter of 2009 for North America.

The US model went on sale in March 2009 as a 2009 model year vehicle. Early models include 3.2 FSI quattro [10] and the 2.0 TFSI quattro (211PS) was added in 2011 model year. [11]

Indian models went on sale in June 2009, and were initially built by Audi's Ingolstadt facility, but are now being built at its Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India plant. Launch models include 3.0 TDI, 2.0 TFSI (211 PS). [12] [13]

Middle East models went on sale in 2009 Q2. Launch models include 2.0 TFSI (211 PS), 3.2 FSI. [14]

Japanese models include 2.0 TFSI quattro (211 PS), 3.2 FSI quattro.

Audi Q5 custom concept (2009)

It is a concept vehicle that includes an enhanced engine, 7-speed S tronic transmission, Quattro all wheel drive. The 3.0 TFSI V6 engine was rated 408 PS (300 kW; 402 hp) at 6,000–7,000 rpm and 500 N⋅m (369 lb⋅ft) at 3,000–5,500 rpm. Other features include ceramic brakes, active sound exhaust system, 90 millimetre wider track, 60 millimetre lower ride height, 21-inch Daytona Gray colour wheels of 7 twin-spoke design, modified air intake, cooling water strut brace in engine compartment, stainless steel-plated pedals, S line sport seats, panorama roof system, "Wörthersee 09" adhesive film, textile floor mats with "Wörthersee 09" print application, Audi drive select vehicle dynamics system, parking aid with rearview camera, voice control, Audi lane assist (lane departure warning), headlight range control with cornering lights.

The vehicle was unveiled at the Wörthersee Tour 2009. [15]

Audi Q5 FCEV (2009)

The Audi Q5 FCEV (2009) is a fuel cell based concept car that was demonstrated on 19 October 2009 at CEP Berlin. It sports an 85 kW PEMFC, a 22 kW lithium-ion battery and a 230 Nm asynchronous motor. [16]

Audi Q5 hybrid

Audi has originally reported that it would offer the Q5 hybrid as launch model, [17] but it was later reported that Audi suspended the plan because of unsatisfactory crash test results for the nickel metal hydride batteries. [18] In 2009, Audi announced it would resume the Q5 hybrid development. [19] It included a 266V, 1.3kWh, battery pack. The Q5 has an all-electric range of about 3 km (2 mi) and maximum all-electric speed of 100 km/h (62 mph). [20]

The production version would be on sale in 2012 for the Japanese market. [21] The release in the U.S. market was scheduled for late 2011. [22]

Engines

Petrol engines
ModelYearEngine typePower, torque at rpm
2.0 TFSI hybrid quattro2011–1,984 cc (1.984 L; 121.1 cu in) I4 turbo (petrol)211 PS (155 kW; 208 hp) at 4,300–6,000, 350 N⋅m (258.15 lbf⋅ft) at 1,500–4,200
electric motor, 266V, 1.3kWh battery pack54 PS (40 kW; 53 hp) at ?, 210 N⋅m (154.89 lbf⋅ft) at ?
combined245 PS (180 kW; 242 hp) at ?, 480 N⋅m (354.03 lbf⋅ft) at ?
2.0 TFSI quattro (180PS)2009–20121,984 cc (1.984 L; 121.1 cu in) I4 turbo180 PS (132 kW; 178 hp) at 4,000–6,000, 320 N⋅m (236 lbf⋅ft) at 1,500–4,200
2.0 TFSI quattro (211PS)2008–20121,984 cc (1.984 L; 121.1 cu in) I4 turbo211 PS (155 kW; 208 hp) at 4,300–6,000, 350 N⋅m (258 lbf⋅ft) at 1,500–4,200
2.0 TFSI quattro (225PS)2011–1,984 cc (1.984 L; 121.1 cu in) I4 turbo225 PS (165 kW; 222 hp) at 4,500–6,250, 350 N⋅m (258 lbf⋅ft) at 1,500–4,500
3.2 FSI quattro2009–20123,197 cc (3.197 L; 195.1 cu in) V6270 PS (199 kW; 266 hp) at 6,500, 330 N⋅m (243 lbf⋅ft) at 3,000–5,000
3.0 TFSI quattro2013-2,995 cc (2.995 L; 182.8 cu in) V6 supercharged272 PS (200 kW; 268 hp) at 6,500, 400 N⋅m (295 lbf⋅ft) at 1,500-3,900
Diesel Engines
ModelYearEngine typePower, torque at rpm
2.0 TDI (143PS)2009–1,968 cc (1.968 L; 120.1 cu in) I4 turbo common rail143 PS (105 kW; 141 hp) at 4,200, 320 N⋅m (236 lbf⋅ft) at 1,750–2,500
2.0 TDI quattro (143PS)2009–20121,968 cc (1.968 L; 120.1 cu in) I4 turbo common rail143 PS (105 kW; 141 hp) at 4,200, 320 N⋅m (236 lbf⋅ft) at 1,750–2,500
2.0 TDI quattro (170PS)2008–20121,968 cc (1.968 L; 120.1 cu in) I4 turbo common rail170 PS (125 kW; 168 hp) at 4,200, 350 N⋅m (258 lbf⋅ft) at 1,750–2,500
3.0 TDI quattro2008–20122,967 cc (2.967 L; 181.1 cu in) V6 turbo common rail240 PS (177 kW; 237 hp) at 4,000–4400, 500 N⋅m (369 lbf⋅ft) at 1,500–3,000

180 PS 2.0 TFSI and 143 PS 2.0 TDI engines were introduced in Europe beginning in 2009. [23]

Transmissions

Petrol engines
ModelYearStandardOptional
2.0 TFSI hybrid quattro2011–8-speed Tiptronic-
2.0 TFSI quattro (180PS)2009–20126-speed manual-
2.0 TFSI quattro (211PS)2008–20126-speed manual7-speed S tronic, 8-speed Tiptronic
2.0 TFSI quattro (225PS)2011–6-speed manual8-speed Tiptronic
3.2 FSI quattro2009–20126-speed Tiptronic, 7-speed S tronic
3.0 TFSI quattro (272PS)2013-8-speed Tiptronic
Diesel engines
ModelYearStandardOptional
2.0 TDI (143PS)2009–6-speed manual-
2.0 TDI quattro (143PS)2009–20126-speed manual-
2.0 TDI quattro (170PS)2008–20126-speed manual7-speed S tronic
3.0 TDI quattro2008–20127-speed S tronic-

German models include standard 7-speed S tronic transmission for all V6 models. 8-speed Tiptronic is an option for Q5 2.0 TFSI quattro (211 PS).

US and Canadian Q5 3.2 FSI models include 6-speed Tiptronic as standard transmission. US and Canadian Q5 2.0 TFSI models include 8-speed Tiptronic as standard transmission. [24] [25]

Japanese models include standard 7-speed S tronic transmission for all models.

Equipment

Interior 2009 Audi Q5 SE TDi Quattro - Flickr - The Car Spy (12).jpg
Interior

Harman/Becker Automotive Systems produced Audi's new updated Multi Media Interface (MMI) technology for Q5. The new system includes navigation, communication, and wide-screen entertainment. A three-dimensional orientation view with true-to-scale terrain and photo realistic depictions of key landmarks will also be generated. Included features in this new system are USB storage media (iPod or MP3), satellite radio, and an integral four-band GSM mobile/cell phone (SIM card ready) with Bluetooth connectivity.

S line package includes 20-inch S line wheels, headlight washers, sport steering wheels with shift paddles, brushed aluminium inlays, S line aluminium door sills, and a black headliner. The Offroad exterior package includes front and rear underbody protection panels, along with flared fender and door sill protection.

Carrying and towing capabilities

A sensor informs the ESP system if a roof rack has been mounted, which will cause the Audi Q5's centre of gravity to be shifted higher in keeping with the roof load of up to 100 kg (220 lb). If a roof rack is present, the ESP engages earlier in the handling limit. Without a roof load, the driver is free to tap the full dynamic potential of the Audi Q5.

The Audi Q5 is capable of towing up to 2.0 tonnes; the standard hill descent control system makes it safe to navigate down steep inclines by regulating the preselected speed when driving at under 30 km/h (19 mph). The Q5 is also fitted with an advanced Trailer Stability Program designed to combat any unwanted snaking when towing a large trailer or caravan.

Production

The new vehicle was expected to be built in Audi's home town of Ingolstadt. An investment of €300 million in production tooling and expansion was expected. [26]

In September 2016, Audi has opened a factory with a capacity of 150,000 Q5 in San José Chiapa (Mexico). [27] [28]

2012 facelift

Main changes include a redesigned set of front and rear light configuration, and a new set of engines that increase both output and efficiency. Most interior user controls have narrow chrome trim. Ergonomics changes include 4-button MMI navigation plus system, additional skip function for volume dial. Large fabric-upholstered surfaces are standard on the door trim panels; inlay options include three wood veneers and one aluminium version.

The vehicles went on sale in summer 2012. Early models include 2.0 TFSI hybrid quattro, 2.0 TFSI quattro (225PS), 3.0 TFSI quattro (272PS), 2.0 TDI (143PS), 2.0 TDI quattro (177PS), 3.0 TDI quattro (245PS). [29] [30]

In Germany, 2.0 TFSI quattro (180PS), 2.0 TDI (150PS), 2.0 TDI quattro (150PS) were added in 2013, with 2.0 TDI (150PS) replacing 2.0 TDI (143PS). [31]

Pre-facelift styling

Post-facelift styling

SQ5 TDI (2013–)

Audi SQ5 TDI Audi SQ5 TDI (Facelift) - Frontansicht, 27. April 2014, Dusseldorf.jpg
Audi SQ5 TDI

The SQ5 performance crossover SUV is the first Audi S model vehicle to feature a diesel engine. The primary power plant is a 3.0 L (2,967 cc), twin turbocharged V6 engine coupled to an 8-speed Tiptronic transmission, developing 313 PS at 3,900–4,500 rpm, and 650 N⋅m (479 lbf⋅ft) of torque at 1,450–2,800 rpm. It also features Audi's signature quattro permanent all-wheel drive system with torque vectoring transfer. Sport suspension lowers the vehicle body by 30 mm (1.18 in) and 20-inch 5 parallel-spoke wheels with 255/45 tires are fitted as standard, with the option of upgrading to 21-inch wheels. Other features of the SQ5 are black front brake callipers with Audi 'S' badges, an optional Audi drive select system, a platinum-grey single-frame grille with galvanized double bars, two SQ5 unique body colours (Estoril Blue or Panther Black), optional lunar silver headlining, Pearl Nappa leather/Alcantara power-adjustable sport seats with optional leather upholstery in a choice of four colours, brushed aluminium inlays with optional Carbon Atlas, Piano finish or Aluminium/Beaufort wood trim panels. [32] The SQ5 TDI accelerates from 0–62 mph (100 km/h) in 5.1 secs, and is electronically limited to 155 mph. This is comparable to rival range-topping performance SUVs with diesel engines, such as the Porsche Cayenne S Diesel (0–60 mph (97 km/h): 5.7 s) and BMW X5 M50d (0–60 mph (97 km/h): 5.4 s), and also to high-performance petrol-powered SUVs, such as the Mercedes-Benz ML63 AMG (0–60 mph (97 km/h): 4.8 s), Porsche Cayenne Turbo S (0–60 mph (97 km/h): 4.1 s). [32] [33] [34] [35] [36] These listed rivals are all larger and heavier, falling into the mid-size SUV class, and, as such, command significantly higher asking prices. A more realistic comparison may be made with the BMW X3 xDrive35d, which delivers slightly better economy (46.3 mpg to the SQ5's 41.5), though slightly lower performance (0–62 mph (100 km/h): 5.8 s, max speed: 149 mph (240 km/h)). [37]

The SQ5 went on sale in the first quarter of 2013. [38] [39] [40]

SQ5 TDI Audi exclusive concept (2013–)

It is a limited (50 units) version of the Audi SQ5 TDI with Aral Blue crystal effect body colour, black Fine Nappa leather upholstery with contrasting stitching in snow white, black sport seats covered in Fine Nappa leather, woven leather in the centre section of the seats, snow white Alcantara headlining, sunroof blind, inlays and applications shimmer.

The vehicle was unveiled in the 2012 Paris Motor Show, and went on sale in the first quarter of 2013. [41] [42] In 2015 Audi introduced a 'plus' tdi model, with 340 PS (250 kW) and 700 N⋅m (516 lbf⋅ft), quilted nappa leather seats, external black details and 21-inch wheels as standard equipment.

SQ5 3.0 TFSI quattro (2013–)

Audi SQ5 TDI Audi SQ5 - Flickr - Alexandre Prevot (cropped).jpg
Audi SQ5 TDI

It is a petrol version of the SQ5 with 3.0 TFSI engine rated 354 PS (260 kW; 349 hp) at 6,000–6,500 rpm and 470 N⋅m (346.65 lbf⋅ft) at 4,000–4,500 rpm, eight-speed tiptronic transmission, quattro permanent all-wheel drive with torque vectoring, 20-inch wheels with 255/45-series tires (optional 21-inch wheels), platinum grey radiator grille with horizontal double bars in aluminium look, choice of 2 crystal-effect body colours (Estoril Blue, Panther Black), instruments feature grey dials and white numerals, pedals and shift paddles in shiny aluminium-look finish, black interior with headlining optionally available in Moon Silver, power-adjustable sport seats upholstered in Pearl Nappa leather and Alcantara (option four different colours of leather), standard brushed aluminium inlays (optional Carbon Atlas, Piano finish or layered aluminium and wood in Beaufort black). The vehicle was unveiled in 2013 Detroit Auto Show.

The vehicle was designed for United States, Canada, Russia, China, Japan, Singapore, South Korea, South Africa, Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, Chile and Ukraine markets.

US model was set to arrive at U.S. dealerships in the third quarter of 2013 as 2014 model year vehicle. [43] [44]

Engines

Petrol engines
ModelYearEngine typePower, torque at rpm
Q5 2.0 TFSI hybrid quattro2012–1,984 cc (1.984 L; 121.1 cu in) I4 turbo (CHJA)211 PS (155 kW; 208 hp) at 4,300–6,000, 350 N⋅m (258.15 lbf⋅ft) at 1,500–4,200
electric motor, 266V, 1.3kWh battery pack54 PS (40 kW; 53 hp) at ?, 210 N⋅m (154.89 lbf⋅ft) at ?
combined245 PS (180 kW; 242 hp) at ?, 480 N⋅m (354.03 lbf⋅ft) at ?
Q5 2.0 TFSI quattro (180PS)2012–1,984 cc (1.984 L; 121.1 cu in) I4 turbo (CDNB)180 PS (132 kW; 178 hp) at 4,000–6,000, 320 N⋅m (236.02 lbf⋅ft) at 1,500–3,800
Q5 2.0 TFSI quattro (225PS)2012–1,984 cc (1.984 L; 121.1 cu in) I4 turbo (CDNC)225 PS (165 kW; 222 hp) at 4,500–6,250, 350 N⋅m (258.15 lbf⋅ft) at 1,500–4,500
Q5 3.0 TFSI quattro (272PS)2012–2,995 cc (2.995 L; 182.8 cu in) V6 supercharged (CTUC/CTVA)272 PS (200 kW; 268 hp) at 4,780–6,500, 400 N⋅m (295.02 lbf⋅ft) at 2,150–4,780/2,500–4,780
SQ5 3.0 TFSI quattro (354PS)2013–2,995 cc (2.995 L; 182.8 cu in) V6 supercharged ()354 PS (260 kW; 349 hp) at 5,500–6,500, 470 N⋅m (346.65 lbf⋅ft) at 4,000-4,500
Diesel engines
ModelYearEngine typePower, torque at rpm
Q5 2.0 TDI (143PS)2012–1,968 cc (1.968 L; 120.1 cu in) I4 turbo common rail (CAGA)143 PS (105 kW; 141 hp) at 4,200, 320 N⋅m (236.02 lbf⋅ft) at 1,750–2,500
Q5 2.0 TDI (150PS)2013–1,968 cc (1.968 L; 120.1 cu in) I4 turbo common rail (CJCD)143 PS (105 kW; 141 hp) at 4,200, 320 N⋅m (236.02 lbf⋅ft) at 1,750–2,500
Q5 2.0 TDI quattro (150PS)2013–1,968 cc (1.968 L; 120.1 cu in) I4 turbo common rail (CJCD)143 PS (105 kW; 141 hp) at 4,200, 320 N⋅m (236.02 lbf⋅ft) at 1,750–2,500
Q5 2.0 TDI quattro (177PS)2012–1,968 cc (1.968 L; 120.1 cu in) I4 turbo common rail (CGLC)177 PS (130 kW; 175 hp) at 4,200, 380 N⋅m (280.27 lbf⋅ft) at 1,750–2,500
Q5 3.0 TDI quattro (245PS)2012–2,967 cc (2.967 L; 181.1 cu in) V6 turbo common rail (CDUD)245 PS (180 kW; 242 hp) at 4,000–4,500, 580 N⋅m (427.79 lbf⋅ft) at 1,750–2750
Q5 3.0 TDI clean diesel quattro (258PS)2013–2,967 cc (2.967 L; 181.1 cu in) V6 turbo common rail ()258 PS (190 kW; 254 hp) at 4,000–4,500, 580 N⋅m (427.79 lbf⋅ft) at 1,750–2,500
SQ5 3.0 TDI quattro (313PS)2013–2,967 cc (2.967 L; 181.1 cu in) V6 twin turbo common rail (CGQB)313 PS (230 kW; 309 hp) at 3,900–4,500, 650 N⋅m (479.42 lbf⋅ft) at 1,450–2,800

All engines include start-stop system. 3.0 TFSI quattro (272PS) replaced 3.2 FSI quattro.

Transmissions

Petrol engines
ModelYearTypes
Q5 2.0 TFSI hybrid quattro2012–8-speed Tiptronic
Q5 2.0 TFSI quattro (180PS)2012–6-speed manual
Q5 2.0 TFSI quattro (225PS)2012–6-speed manual, 8-speed Tiptronic
Q5 3.0 TFSI quattro (272PS)2012–8-speed Tiptronic
SQ5 3.0 TFSI quattro (354PS)2013–8-speed Tiptronic
Diesel engines
ModelYearTypes
Q5 2.0 TDI (143PS)2012–6-speed manual
Q5 2.0 TDI (150PS)2013–6-speed manual
Q5 2.0 TDI quattro (150PS)2013–6-speed manual
Q5 2.0 TDI quattro (177PS)2012–6-speed manual, 7-speed S tronic
Q5 3.0 TDI quattro (245PS)2012–7-speed S tronic
Q5 3.0 TDI clean diesel quattro (258PS)2013–7-speed S tronic
SQ5 TDI 3.0 TDI quattro (313PS)2013–8-speed Tiptronic with DSP and Sport mode
SQ5 TDI 3.0 TDI quattro (326PS)2016–8-speed Tiptronic with DSP and Sport mode
SQ5 plus TDI 3.0 TDI quattro (340PS)2016–8-speed Tiptronic with DSP and Sport mode

Safety

NHTSA tested a 2016 Q5. Euro NCAP tested a 2009 Audi Q5, 5-door SUV with front airbags, side airbags, seatbelt pretensioners and load limiters as standard and scored it accordingly:

NHTSA [45] Euro NCAP [46]
Overall:Star full.svgStar full.svgStar full.svgStar full.svgStar empty.svgOverall:Star full.svgStar full.svgStar full.svgStar full.svgStar full.svg
Frontal – Driver:Star full.svgStar full.svgStar full.svgStar full.svgStar empty.svgAdult occupant:33 pts / 92%
Frontal – Passenger:Star full.svgStar full.svgStar full.svgStar full.svgStar full.svgChild occupant:41 pts / 84%
Side – Driver:Star full.svgStar full.svgStar full.svgStar full.svgStar full.svgPedestrian:12 pts / 32%
Side – Passenger:Star full.svgStar full.svgStar full.svgStar full.svgStar full.svgDriver assist:5 pts / 71%
Side Pole – Driver:Star full.svgStar full.svgStar full.svgStar full.svgStar full.svg
Rollover:Star full.svgStar full.svgStar full.svgStar full.svgStar empty.svg / 15.1%

The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety also crash-tested the Q5, and presented the following results (ratings from 'poor' to 'good'): [47]

CategoryRating
Moderate overlap frontGood
SideGood
Roof strengthGood
Head restraints and seatsGood

Emissions concerns

On the 19th of August 2020 tagesschau.de [48] reported that "turning the steering wheel changes exhaust emissions" significantly under test conditions.

The First Generation 3.2L FSI engine is extremely prone to carbon buildup in the secondary air injection system, resulting in an extremely costly and necessary repair—which often rears its head following the warranty period. [49]

Second generation (Typ 80A; 2017)

Second generation (80A)
2018 Audi Q5 S Line TDi Quattro S-A 2.0 Front.jpg
Overview
ProductionSeptember 2016 – present
Model years 2018–present (US)
Assembly
Designer Marc Lichte
Body and chassis
Body style
Layout Front-engine, four-wheel-drive (quattro)
Platform MLB evo
Powertrain
Engine
  • 2.0L TFSI I4 (252hp & 273lb-ft) (gasoline)
  • 2.0L TFSI I4 (249hp & 273lb-ft) (MHEV, gasoline) (Q5 45 TFSI quattro)
  • 2.0L TFSI I4 (CDL) (367hp & 369lb.-ft.) (PHEV, gasoline) (Q5 55 TFSIe)
  • 2.0L TDI I4 (163hp–190hp & 295lb-ft) (diesel)
  • 2.0L TDI I4 (EA189) (204PS & 400Nm.) (MHEV, diesel) (Q5 40 TDI Quattro)
  • 3.0L TDI V6 (231hp & 368lb-ft) (diesel) (45 TDI)
  • 3.0L TDI V6 (282hp & 457lb-ft) (diesel) (50 TDI)
  • 3.0L TDI V6 (341 hp & 516lb-ft) (diesel) (SQ5, Europe)
  • 3.0L TFSI V6 (349 hp & 369 lb-ft) (gasoline) (SQ5, outside Europe)
Electric motor
  • 48-volt main electrical system (MHEV)
  • Permanent-magnet electric motor (PHEV)
Transmission
Hybrid drivetrain
  • Mild Hybrid 48V (Q5 45 TFSI quattro / 40 TDI Quattro)
  • PHEV (Q5 55 TFSIe)
Battery Lithium-ion
Dimensions
Wheelbase
  • 2,819 mm (111.0 in)
  • 2,907 mm (114.4 in) (Q5L)
Length4,682 mm (184.3 in) 4,751 mm (187.0 in) (Q5L)
Width1,893 mm (74.5 in)
Height1,662 mm (65.4 in)

The second generation Q5 (Typ FY) was revealed at the 2016 Paris Motor Show. Production began at the Audi Mexico plant on 30 September 2016, for the 2017 model year. [50]

Long wheelbase version (Q5L), (2018–)

A long wheelbase version was unveiled at the Beijing Auto Show, with 88 mm (3.5 in) added to the car, resulting in 23 percent more legroom.

Markets

Asia

The second generation of the Q5 will be the first generation of the Q5 to be sold in Bangladesh. [51]

The Q5 was launched in Thailand in August 2017, where a sole S-line powered by a 2.0 TFSI engine (45 TFSI) and 2.0 TDI engine (40 TDI) with a Quattro all wheel drive system is available.

The Q5 was launched in Malaysia in March 2019, where a sole Sport trim line powered by a 2.0 TFSI engine with a Quattro all wheel drive system is available. [52]

In August 2021, the facelifted Q5 was launched in Malaysia, [53] with the sports-oriented S-Line trim package. It gets a 2.0 TFSI engine with mild-hybrid tech, Quattro AWD and the S Tronic dual-clutch transmission. Not long after, the Q5 Sportback also made its local debut in Malaysia. [54]

North America

The second generation Q5 was launched in North America in 2018. Production shifted from Germany to the new Audi México, S.A. de C.V. factory in San José Chiapa, Puebla, México. The Q5 was launched with a 2.0 TFSI petrol engine. Power output was 252 hp (188 kW; 255 PS) and 273 lb⋅ft (370 N⋅m). Audi's Quattro all-wheel drive system is standard, however it uses ‘Quattro with Ultra Technology’. According to Audi, Ultra technology improves efficiency by decoupling the driveshaft to the rear wheels when all-wheel drive is not needed. Essentially the vehicle becomes front wheel drive when cruising, or in other driving situations where the vehicle's computers determine all-wheel traction is not needed. Audi claims the system is able to re-engage power to the rear wheels within milliseconds of the system detecting or predicting slip or the driver accelerating aggressively.

Unlike in the previous 8R generation Q5, US vehicles are only offered with the 2.0T TFSI I-4 engine. The 2.0T ‘45 TFSI’ model offers acceleration similar to the previous generation's 3.0 TFSI Supercharged V6 (face-lifted Q5 8R, 2013–2017) while using less fuel and reduced emissions. No TDI version will be offered in North America due to the fallout from the diesel emissions scandal. Bucking an industry-wide trend of moving away from dual clutch transmissions for the latest generation of conventional torque converter automatics, Audi actually replaced the previous generation's ZF 8HP 8-speed automatic transmission for their own 7-speed S-Tronic dual clutch gearbox.

The SQ5 is offered as a performance variant of the Q5. In North American spec, it uses a 3.0L DOHC direct-injected Miller Cycle-capable 90° V6 with a single twin-scroll turbocharger. This engine, dubbed EA839, is a substantially reworked version of the previous-generation supercharged V6 (EA837) that was used in the first generation Q5 3.0T and SQ5. Power output for the turbocharged engines remains at 264 kW (354 hp), however torque increases to 500 N⋅m (369 lb⋅ft) at only 1370 rpm. Unlike the lesser powered Q5 ‘45 TFSI’ 2.0T, Audi retained ZF's 8HP transmission for the SQ5, and it also utilizes the full-time rear-biased quattro VI AWD system.

For the 2019 model year, heated front seats, rear electric child locks, 7-inch infotainment screen, and roof crossbars became standard equipment. For the Premium Plus trim, rear USB charge ports and wireless charging became standard while for Prestige trims, park assist was made standard. The Convenience Package was expanded to include the Audi side assist and Audi pre sense rear safety systems. In addition, Audi introduced a "black optic" package for the Q5, featuring black exterior trim and unique wheels. The SQ5 also became available in the Premium trim. [55]

In 2020, Audi introduced the Q5 TFSI e plug-in hybrid variant. It featured a 14.1 kWh lithium-ion battery, giving an EPA estimated 20 miles (32 km) of range. A heat pump was implemented into the climate control system, providing for greater heating efficiency. The plug-in variant also received the Turbo Blue and Daytona Gray colors, available only on the plug-in variant and SQ5 models. It produced 362 hp (270 kW; 367 PS) and 369 lb⋅ft (500 N⋅m) of torque and had a 0–60 mph (0–97 km/h) time of 5.0 seconds, nearly a second faster than the standard Q5. [56] For the 2022 model year, the battery size was increased to 17.9 kWh, increasing the EPA range to 23 miles (37 km). [57] [58]

2021 facelift

The 2021 Model Year includes the Generation 3 infotainment technologies. This includes a digital marketplace in the myAudi app to add Audi Connect plans and SiriusXM with 360L. [59] Exterior facelift revisions include updates to the grille, bumper side air intakes, side sill, and rear trim. In addition, District Green and Ultra Blue were new paint colors available on the PHEV and SQ5 variants. [60]

The 2021 Q5 was announced at the end of June 2020 [61] and entered production in July [62] with expected first deliveries at the end of 2020. In January 2021, Audi expanded the Q5 lineup by introducing a Sportback variant of the Q5 and SQ5. [63]

The Q5 was launched in India on 23 November 2021 offering two variants - Premium Plus and Technology. [64]

Safety

The 2022 Q5 was awarded the "Top Safety Pick+" by the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety. [65]

IIHS scores
Small overlap front (Driver)Good
Small overlap front (Passenger)Good
Moderate overlap frontGood
Side (original test)Good
Roof strengthGood
Head restraints and seatsGood
Headlights
GoodAcceptable
varies by trim/option
Front crash prevention (Vehicle-to-Vehicle)Superioroptional
Front crash prevention (Vehicle-to-Vehicle)Superiorstandard
Front crash prevention (Vehicle-to-Pedestrian, day)Advanced
Child seat anchors (LATCH) ease of useGood

Production

YearUnits
2007 [66] 162
2008 [66] 20,324
2009 [67] 109,117
2010 [67] 155,052
2011 [68] 183,768
2012 [69] 209,799
2013 [70] 231,466
2014 [71] 260,832
2015 [72] 267,651
2016 [73] 297,750
2017 [73] 289,892
2018 [68] 298,793
2019 [68] 286,365
2020 [68] 276,015

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Audi A6</span> Motor vehicle

The Audi A6 is an executive car made by the German company Audi since 1994. Now in its fifth generation, the successor to the Audi 100 is manufactured in Neckarsulm, Germany, and is available in saloon and estate configurations, the latter marketed by Audi as the Avant. Audi's internal numbering treats the A6 as a continuation of the Audi 100 lineage, with the initial A6 designated as a member of the C4-series, followed by the C5, C6, C7, and the C8. The related Audi A7 is essentially a Sportback (liftback) version of the C7-series and C8-series A6 but is marketed under its own separate identity and model designation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Audi TT</span> Motor vehicle

The Audi TT is a production front-engine, 2-door, 2+2 sports coupé and roadster, manufactured and marketed by Audi from 1998 to 2023 across three generations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Volkswagen Touareg</span> Motor vehicle

The Volkswagen Touareg is a car produced by German automaker Volkswagen Group since 2002 at the Volkswagen Bratislava Plant. Considered to be the first luxury mid-size SUV from Volkswagen, the vehicle was named after the nomadic Tuareg people, inhabitants of the Saharan interior in North Africa. Originally, the Touareg was developed together with the Porsche Cayenne and the Audi Q7, and as of October 2020, the Touareg was developed together with the Audi Q8, the Bentley Bentayga and the Lamborghini Urus. This family of vehicles are all unibody SUVs with independent suspension. The first generation (2002–2010) offered five, six, eight, ten and twelve-cylinder engine choices.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Audi A3</span> German subcompact executive/small family car

The Audi A3 is a subcompact executive/small family car (C-segment) manufactured and marketed by the German automaker Audi AG since September 1996, currently in its fourth generation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Audi A8</span> Full-size luxury sedan

The Audi A8 is a full-size luxury sedan manufactured and marketed by the German automaker Audi since 1994. Succeeding the Audi V8, and now in its fourth generation, the A8 has been offered with either front- or permanent all-wheel drive and in short- and long-wheelbase variants. The first two generations employed the Volkswagen Group D platform, with the current generation deriving from the MLB platform. After the original model's 1994 release, Audi released the second generation in late 2002, the third in late 2009, and the fourth and current iteration in 2017. Noted as the first mass-market car with an aluminium chassis, all A8 models have used this construction method co-developed with Alcoa and marketed as the Audi Space Frame.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Audi A5</span> Compact executive coupé cars

The Audi A5 is a series of compact executive / grand touring coupé cars produced by the German automobile manufacturer Audi since June 2007. The A5 range additionally comprises the coupe, cabriolet, and "Sportback" version of the Audi A4 saloon and estate models.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Audi A4</span> German compact executive car model

The Audi A4 is a line of luxury compact executive cars produced since 1994 by the German car manufacturer Audi, a subsidiary of the Volkswagen Group. The A4 has been built in five generations and is based on the Volkswagen Group B platform. The first generation A4 succeeded the Audi 80. The automaker's internal numbering treats the A4 as a continuation of the Audi 80 lineage, with the initial A4 designated as the B5-series, followed by the B6, B7, B8, and the B9.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Audi Q7</span> Motor vehicle

The Audi Q7 is a crossover SUV made by the German manufacturer Audi, unveiled in September 2005 at the Frankfurt Motor Show. Production of this seven-seater SUV began in the autumn of 2005 at the Volkswagen Bratislava Plant in Bratislava, Slovakia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Audi S4</span> Motor vehicle

The Audi S4 is the high performance variant of Audi's compact executive car A4. The original Audi S4, built from 1991 until 1994, was a performance-oriented version of Audi's 100 saloon/sedan. All subsequent S4s since 1997 have been based on the Audi A4; and as the A4 has evolved from one generation to the next, so has the S4.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Audi S6</span> Motor vehicle

The Audi S6 is the performance variant of the Audi A6, an executive car produced by German automaker Audi. It went on sale in 1994, shortly after the "A6" designation was introduced, replacing the "100" nameplate.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Audi Q3</span> Luxury SUV made by Audi

The Audi Q3 is a subcompact luxury crossover SUV made by Audi. The Q3 has a transverse-mounted front engine, and entered production in 2011.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Audi S and RS models</span> Motor vehicle

Audi S and RS models are a range of high performance versions of certain car models of the German automotive company Audi AG. These cars primarily focus on enhanced "sport" performance. Production of Audi "S" cars began in 1990 with the S2 Coupé, whilst the first "RS" car appeared four years later with the Audi RS 2 Avant.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Audi A1</span> Motor vehicle

The Audi A1 is a supermini car launched by Audi at the 2010 Geneva Motor Show. Sales of the initial three-door A1 model started in Germany in August 2010, with the United Kingdom following in November 2010. A five-door version, called Sportback, was launched in November 2011, with sales starting in export markets during spring 2012. The second generation was released in 2019. The three-door production model was discontinued.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Audi e-tron</span> Series of electric and hybrid cars

The Audi e-tron is a series of electric and hybrid cars shown by Audi from 2009 onwards. In 2012 Audi unveiled a plug-in hybrid version, the A3 Sportback e-tron, released to retail customers in Europe in August 2014, and slated for the U.S. in 2015. A decade after the unveiling of the first e-tron concept at the 2009 International Motor Show Germany, Audi's first fully electric e-tron SUV went into production in 2019.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Audi hybrid vehicles</span>

Audi hybrid vehicles are hybrid electric vehicles created by the German carmaker, Audi. Some vehicles listed were concept vehicles, which utilised an internal combustion engine and an electric motor, and were used for research and development (R&D) for potential future use of the technology into possible series production. Audi launched its first hybrid concept car in 1989 called the Audi Duo, and was the first European company to sell a hybrid in 1997, though only in very small numbers.

Audi Sport GmbH, formerly known as quattro GmbH, is the high-performance car manufacturing subsidiary of Audi, itself a subsidiary of the greater Volkswagen Group.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Audi S5</span> Motor vehicle

The Audi S5 is one of two high-performance variants of Audi's A5. It is also the coupé, cabriolet, and five-door fastback sedan versions of the fourth-generation (B8) Audi S4 saloon and estate models.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Audi A7</span> Executive luxury five-door liftback coupé

The Audi A7 is an executive five-door liftback coupé produced by Audi since 2010. A luxury car, it features a sloping roofline with a steeply raked rear window and integrated boot lid, and four frameless doors. An extended-wheelbase three-box, four-door saloon derivative called the A7L has been produced in China since 2021.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Audi Q8</span> Mid-size luxury crossover SUV coupé

The Audi Q8 is a mid-size luxury crossover SUV coupé made by Audi that was launched in 2018. It is the flagship of the Audi SUV line, and is being produced at the Volkswagen Bratislava Plant.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Audi R8 (Type 42)</span> Sports car

The Audi R8 is the first generation of the R8 sports car developed and manufactured by German automobile manufacturer Audi. Conceived in 2003 in concept form, the R8 was put into production in June 2006. The Type 42 is based on the Lamborghini Gallardo and shares its chassis and engine. Audi's parent company Volkswagen Group owns Lamborghini as well and components of both of the cars were shared mainly to save development costs. Production of the Type 42 ended in August 2015, following the introduction of the Type 4S at the 2015 Geneva Motor Show which was based on an entirely new platform.

References

Notes

  1. "Audi Q5 Online Special". Microsites.audi.com. Archived from the original on 26 October 2009. Retrieved 17 October 2009.
  2. "Audi Q5 Towing Capacity: Can It Effortlessly Handle Heavy Loads? - Cartechinsight". 3 October 2023.
  3. "Audi Q5: new images" . Retrieved 14 July 2015.
  4. "Audi A2 replacement". Archived from the original on 15 July 2015. Retrieved 14 July 2015.
  5. "In Depth: Audi Cross Cabriolet quattro Concept". Audiworld.com. 14 November 2007. Archived from the original on 1 November 2010. Retrieved 17 October 2010.
  6. Linton, Lascelles (15 November 2007). "2007 LA Auto Show videos: Audi Cross Cabriolet Quattro, Honda FCX Clarity, Katie Couric". Green.autoblog.com. Retrieved 17 October 2010.
  7. Hellwig, Ed (20 April 2008). "2009 Audi Q5: 2008 Beijing Auto Show". Blogs.insideline.com. Archived from the original on 17 June 2010. Retrieved 17 October 2010.
  8. Lavrinc, Damon. "LA 2008: 2009 Audi Q5 makes its North American debut". Autoblog. Retrieved 14 July 2015.
  9. Ramsey, Jonathon. "Audi releases all the details on the North American Q5". Autoblog. Retrieved 14 July 2015.
  10. "Audi claims best in class mileage for Q5, still can't touch the TDI".
  11. "Audi A4, A5 and Q5 all get eight-speed transmission for 2011, Q5 gets 2.0T". Green.autoblog.com. 13 May 2010. Archived from the original on 31 January 2012.
  12. "Audi Q5 India launch in June 2009". Dancewithshadows.com. Archived from the original on 13 October 2010. Retrieved 17 October 2010.
  13. "Audi introduces the Audi Q5 in India". Headlinesindia.com. Archived from the original on 17 July 2009. Retrieved 17 October 2010.
  14. "The new Audi Q5 unveiled in Beijing: Middle East arrival in Q2 2009". Ae.zawya.com. Archived from the original on 17 September 2018. Retrieved 17 October 2010.
  15. Nunez, Alex (19 May 2009). "Wörthersee 2009: 408 hp (304 kW) Audi Q5 Custom Concept". Autoblog.com. Retrieved 17 October 2010.
  16. "Audi Q5 FCEV (2009) - H2-Mobility - netinform" . Retrieved 14 July 2015.
  17. Abuelsamid, Sam (13 February 2008). "US Audi dealers learn that Q7 TDI, Q5 hybrid are on the way". Green.autoblog.com. Retrieved 17 October 2010.
  18. Korzeniewski, Jeremy (16 December 2008). "Audi Q5 Hybrid DOA". Green.autoblog.com. Retrieved 17 October 2010.
  19. Abuelsamid, Sam (2 February 2009). "On again, off again Audi Q5 Hybrid is apparently back on again for 2010". Green.autoblog.com. Retrieved 17 October 2010.
  20. "Details of the Audi Q5 Hybrid Quattro Li-ion battery pack". Greencarcongress.com. 1 February 2011.
  21. "Report: Audi Targeting Hybrid for Japan in 2012". Greencarcongress.com. 6 November 2008. Retrieved 17 October 2010.
  22. Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy (USDoE and EPA) (28 June 2011). "New & Upcoming Hybrids". Fueleconomy.gov. Archived from the original on 23 July 2011. Retrieved 18 July 2011.
  23. Abuelsamid, Sam (10 July 2009). "Audi adds to entry level engines to Euro Q5 and A4 allroad". Green.autoblog.com. Retrieved 17 October 2010.
  24. "Audi Q5 eBrochure (Canada)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 June 2010. Retrieved 17 October 2010.
  25. "Audi's All-New Q5 SUV". Automoblog.net. 29 January 2009.
  26. "New Audi Q5 Confirmed For Production in Germany". Autoweb.com.au. 24 May 2006. Archived from the original on 28 May 2010. Retrieved 17 October 2010.
  27. "Audi.com – die internationale Audi Website". audi.com.
  28. see also www.automotivelogistics.media
  29. "Audi updates Q5 for 2013 with supercharged V6 and hybrid option". Autoblog Green. 25 April 2012.
  30. "High-performance SUV with many talents – the updated Audi Q5". Audi MediaCenter. Retrieved 14 July 2015.
  31. Audi Model Range, Frankfurt Motor Show (IAA) 2013 – Audi Q5 and Q5 hybrid quattro Archived 30 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine
  32. 1 2 "The Audi Q5 and SQ5 Pricing and Specification Guide" (PDF). Audi AG/Audi Worldwide. January 2014.
  33. "Cayenne S Diesel: Technical Specs". Porsche Cars Great Britain Ltd. 2014.
  34. "Range Overview: BMW X5 models". BMW UK. 1 April 2012.[ permanent dead link ]
  35. "M Class: Technical Data". Mercedes-Benz UK Ltd. 2014. Archived from the original on 28 March 2014.
  36. "Cayenne Turbo S: Technical Specs". Porsche Cars Great Britain Ltd. 2014.
  37. "Prices and specification: X3 xDrive35d". BMW UK. 20 November 2010. Archived from the original on 28 March 2014. Retrieved 28 March 2014.
  38. "The new Audi SQ5 TDI: Twin-turbo V6 diesel with 313 hp". Audi AG/Audi Worldwide. 15 June 2012. Archived from the original on 2 November 2013. Retrieved 9 August 2012.
  39. Korzeniewski, Jeremy. "Audi SQ5 released with 313-hp twin-turbo diesel [w/video]". Autoblog. Retrieved 14 July 2015.
  40. "The new Audi SQ5 TDI: Twin-turbo V6 diesel with 313 hp". Audi MediaCenter. Archived from the original on 2 November 2013. Retrieved 14 July 2015.
  41. Ramsey, Jonathon. "Audi SQ5 TDI Exclusive Concept will have limited 50-unit run". Autoblog. Retrieved 14 July 2015.
  42. "SQ5 TDI Audi exclusive concept in Paris". Audi MediaCenter. Archived from the original on 2 November 2013. Retrieved 14 July 2015.
  43. Steven J. Ewing. "2014 Audi SQ5 ditches diesel, still packs a punch". Autoblog. Retrieved 14 July 2015.
  44. Steven J. Ewing. "2014 Audi SQ5 priced from $51,900* [w/video]". Autoblog. Retrieved 14 July 2015.
  45. "2016 Audi Q5 SUV AWD". U.S. Department of Transportation. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
  46. "Euro NCAP – Audi Q5 2.0TDI "Steppe", RHD (2009)". euroncap.com. Retrieved 30 September 2015. Report
  47. "2009 Audi Q5 IIHS Rating". Insurance Institute for Highway Safety. 2014. Archived from the original on 1 February 2018. Retrieved 28 March 2014.
  48. "Abgasskandal: Manipulation auch bei Audi-Benziner?". tagesschau.de.
  49. KB, KB (3 October 2023). "Audi Q5 Towing Capacity: Can It Effortlessly Handle Heavy Loads?". cartechinsights. KB. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
  50. "Future is an attitude: Audi México celebrates five years of production in San José Chiapa and goes for more". Audi MediaCenter. Retrieved 19 August 2023.
  51. "Audi Dhaka-Progress Motors Imports LTD, Press meet and showroom launch". 25 September 2017.
  52. "Audi Q5 sport 2.0 TFSI quattro launched, from RM340k". Paul Tan's Automotive News. 4 March 2019. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  53. "2021 Audi Q5 facelift lands in Malaysia - from RM377k - paultan.org".
  54. "2021 Audi Q5 Sportback S line 2.0 TFSI launched in Malaysia - RM405k before options!". 26 August 2021.
  55. "Audi of America announces full 2019 model year updates". Audi Newsroom. 8 November 2018.
  56. "Top-selling Audi SUV, 2020 Audi Q5 gets efficient boost with plug-in hybrid". Audi Newsroom. 16 January 2020.
  57. "Audi announces model year 2022 updates with increased standard equipment, driver assistance and personalization options". Audi Newsroom. 28 April 2020.
  58. "2022 Audi Q5 PHEV Will Go Further With Bigger Battery: EPA Rating". InsideEVs. Retrieved 6 March 2022.
  59. "New Audi MMI infotainment technologies to offer richer entertainment experience, faster processing power and greater functionality". Audi USA. 11 May 2020.
  60. "2021 Audi Q5 family delivers sharp design, sporty performance, and versatility". 29 June 2020.
  61. "A bestseller gets even better: Audi unveils a new look for the Q5". Audi USA. 29 June 2020.
  62. https://mexico-now.com/audi-mexico-starts-production-of-the-optimized-audi-q5/
  63. "Best-selling Audi receives Sportback treatment: 2021 Audi Q5 Sportback and SQ5 Sportback". Audi Newsroom. 13 January 2021.
  64. "Audi Q5 2021 facelift luxury hatch launched. Check price, features". mint. 23 November 2021.
  65. "2022 Audi Q5 4-door SUV". IIHS-HLDI crash testing and highway safety.
  66. 1 2 "Volkswagen AG Annual Report 2008" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 January 2011. Retrieved 2 February 2011.
  67. 1 2 "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 July 2011. Retrieved 1 May 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  68. 1 2 3 4 "Downloads". audi.com. Retrieved 1 May 2021.
  69. "Experience D(r)iversity: Annual Report 2012" (PDF). Volkswagen AG. p. 109. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 October 2013.
  70. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 13 January 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  71. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 25 June 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  72. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 April 2016. Retrieved 7 November 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  73. 1 2 "Audi models 2021". Archived from the original on 12 April 2020. Retrieved 1 May 2021.

Bibliography

  • Schol, Oliver, ed. (2009). Der neue Audi Q5: Entwicklung und Technik[The New Audi Q5: Development and Technology]. ATZ/MTZ-Typenbuch series (in German). Wiesbaden, Germany: Vieweg+Teubner Verlag. ISBN   9783834806048.