Back to Black (song)

Last updated

"Back to Black"
Amy Winehouse - Back To Black.jpg
Single by Amy Winehouse
from the album Back to Black
B-side
Released26 April 2007
RecordedMarch 2006
Studio
Genre
Length4:00
Label Island
Songwriter(s)
Producer(s) Mark Ronson
Amy Winehouse singles chronology
"You Know I'm No Good"
(2007)		"Back to Black"
(2007)		"Tears Dry on Their Own"
(2007)
Audio sample
Digital download – Remixes & B-Sides EP (2015) [31]
  1. "Back to Black" (The Rumble Strips Remix) – 3:49
  2. "Back to Black" (Mushtaq Vocal Remix) – 4:03
  3. "Back to Black" (Original Demo) – 3:01
  4. "Back to Black" (Vodafone Live at TBA) – 3:53
  5. "Back to Black" (Steve Mac Vocal) – 6:03

Credits

Charts

Certifications

‹See Tfd›

Certifications and sales for "Back to Black"
RegionCertification Certified units/sales
Brazil (Pro-Música Brasil) [71] Diamond250,000‡
Denmark (IFPI Danmark) [72] Platinum90,000‡
Germany (BVMI) [73] 3× Gold450,000‡
Italy
sales in 2007 		—65,000 [74]
Italy (FIMI) [75]
sales since 2009 		2× Platinum100,000‡
Spain (PROMUSICAE) [76] Gold25,000^
Spain (PROMUSICAE) [77]
Sales since 2015 		2× Platinum120,000‡
Spain (PROMUSICAE) [78]
Ringtone 		Gold10,000*
Switzerland (IFPI Switzerland) [79] Platinum30,000^
United Kingdom (BPI) [80] 2× Platinum1,200,000‡
United States (RIAA) [81] Platinum1,000,000‡
Streaming
Greece (IFPI Greece) [82] Platinum2,000,000†

* Sales figures based on certification alone.
^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.
‡ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.
† Streaming-only figures based on certification alone.

Release history

Release dates and formats for "Back to Black"
RegionDateFormat(s)Label(s)Ref.
United Kingdom26 April 2007 7-inch vinyl Island
30 April 2007
United States27 November 2007 Rhythmic contemporary radio Universal Republic
Germany7 March 2008 CD Universal Music

Other versions

Beyoncé and André 3000 version

"Back to Black"
Song by Beyoncé featuring André 3000
from the album The Great Gatsby: Music from Baz Luhrmann's Film
Recorded2012–2013
Genre Alternative R&B
Length3:21
Label Interscope
Songwriter(s)
  • Amy Winehouse
  • Mark Ronson
Producer(s) Hollywood Holt

"Back to Black" was covered by American singer Beyoncé and American rapper André 3000 for the soundtrack of the 2013 film The Great Gatsby . Jay Z, who served as an executive producer for the soundtrack, suggested the song to its producer Baz Luhrmann. It was the final song recorded for the album and was included after the producers wanted a darker moment on The Great Gatsby: Music from Baz Luhrmann's Film. The song premiered in April 2013 after several snippets of it appeared online and it was used in the trailer for the film.

Amy Winehouse's father Mitchell Winehouse reported that Beyoncé had not informed him about covering the song, and requested that the income coming from it should be donated to his Amy Winehouse Foundation. When the song was released, Winehouse criticized André 3000's singing, saying that it should have been covered only by Beyoncé. However, Mark Ronson, the original producer of the song, revealed that he was flattered and honored by the cover version.

Beyoncé and André 3000's cover is slower than the original with several lyrical modifications. It features a darker production with heavier instrumentation complete with a guitar and synthesizers, chopped and screwed elements and electronic beats. Upon its release, the song received mixed reviews from music critics who noted that the original version was already perfect to be further reworked; several critics praised its reworked arrangement while others criticized the singers' vocal performance, calling it the most controversial song on the soundtrack.

Background and development

On 1 April 2013 E! Online announced that American singer Beyoncé would cover the song with André 3000 for The Great Gatsby soundtrack, set to be released on 7 May 2013. [99] Baz Luhrmann, the director of the film, revealed that "Back to Black" was the final song to be included on the album. The song was suggested for the soundtrack by Beyoncé's husband and rapper Jay Z, who also served as its executive producer. "We were looking for, 'How do we have a darker moment?' and he said have a listen to this and he played it", commented Luhrmann, who, after a few spins, confirmed it should appear on the album. [100] Anton Monsted, who served as a producer for the soundtrack, talked about the placement of the cover of "Back to Black" on the track listing during an interview with The Hollywood Reporter:

We have to thank Jay Z for bringing this into the overall thinking. He worked with us on the second party in the movie. The first party is a gaudy, rich, Venus flytrap of a celebration designed to attract Daisy's interest by physically bringing the entire city of New York to Long Island. The second party is one that Daisy does attend, but at this point in the story, we were looking for a musical direction that alluded to darker things beneath the surface. We were looking for a song that would speak to the almost 'Sid and Nancy' addictive love that Gatsby and Daisy have found themselves re-engaging in. Everybody knows the Amy Winehouse version of this song, and I think this is a very interesting interpretation. It plunges you further into this particular kind of lovesickness. I think it works very well in the film, where it blends between a jazz recording that The Bryan Ferry Orchestra did and the version on the album with Beyoncé and André 3000. That combination helps to deepen the resonance of what the song is telling us. [101]

On 2 April 2013, Amy Winehouse's father, Mitchell Winehouse, used his Twitter profile to reveal that Beyoncé had not informed him of her plans to cover the song and that he wanted income from the song to go to his Amy Winehouse Foundation. He wrote, "I don't know about this but what if Beyoncé gave £100,000 to the foundation? Do you know how many kids that would help? Just putting it out there." [102] He later added, "Let me repeat. This is the first I have heard of Beyoncé doing Amy's [ sic ] song." [103] Kia Makarechi of The Huffington Post noted that Beyoncé did not use the song as a personal record and thus it was "slightly curious" for Winehouse to request for her to pay out. [103] Winehouse later tweeted, "I like Beyoncé's cover and have no probs." [104] However, upon hearing the full-length track, he wrote on his Twitter profile, "I just heard the André part of 'Back to Black'. Terrible. He should have let Beyoncé do it all." [105]

Release

Beyonce Army.mil cropped-2.jpg
Andre Benjamin.jpg
In 2013, "Back to Black" was covered by Beyoncé (left) and André 3000 (right) for The Great Gatsby soundtrack.

On 4 April 2013 a new trailer for the film featured previews of three songs from the soundtrack; a thirty-second preview of the cover of "Back to Black" was among those songs. [106] [107] Chris Payne of Billboard magazine praised the cover, which according to him was made unique with the downtempo and EDM wobble. [108] A ninety-second snippet of the song also appeared online on 21 April 2013 [109] [110] and was made available for streaming through the iTunes Store. [111] A writer of Rap-Up magazine described it as a "dark and haunting collaboration" adding that it features "[André 3000] rapping his verse, while Queen B[eyoncé] burns slow with her seductive vocals." [110] Sam Lansky of the website Idolator wrote that the cover was "a fairly sinister, gloomy affair" because of the lyrics, which according to him were connected with Amy Winehouse's death, and the film's noirish bent. [112] He further commented that "it strikes us as an unusually dark side of King Bey[oncé], who's supposed to be literally the most poised human being alive". [112] Speaking about the modification of the lyrics, he noted that it was "but a little odd" and concluded the review by saying, "It's eerie but cool, and a fitting tribute to Winehouse's legacy." [112] The full version of the song premiered on Mark Ronson's East Village Radio show on 26 April 2013. [113] Upon its release, Ronson, who co-wrote the original song, commented that it was a "wonderful take on our song" and added: "I'm flattered and honoured, I know Amy would be too." [113]

Composition

The cover version of "Back to Black" has a slower tempo than the original. [114] It features a darker production and chopped and screwed elements with a dark, twisted mood and a hypnotizing dub beat. [115] [116] [117] Charley Rogulewski of Vibe magazine commented that the cover version was like a heroin-laced outtake off of the Trainspotting soundtrack. [109] Eschewing the 1960s Wall of Sound style of the original, the remake takes a minimalist, synth-heavy approach, with an occasional, echoing guitar twang. [7] Melinda Newman of the website HitFix noted that the cover version was more solemn than the original, with the guitar in the song "adding to the loneliness". [116] Logan Smithson of the online magazine PopMatters commented that it also features heavier instrumentation. [118] The 1960s pop string orchestration of the first version is exchanged for a "meatier, keyboard-fueled, big beat groove", as stated by Keith Murphy of Vibe magazine. [119] Glenn Gamboa of Newsday noted that the cover was stripped down practically to an electronic pulse which he further compared with the "sweeping, dramatic, icy electronic music" that Luhrmann used in his film Romeo + Juliet . [120]

The lyrics of the song were modified; they were reversed so it could function better as a duet. [112] It opens with André 3000 rapping his verses on a scratchy, bare beat and dissonant instrumentation further playing with the rhythm of the lyrical phrasing. [7] [121] Beyoncé continues singing her part at the first minute and thirty seconds of the song. [112] [121] Instead of belting her verse out, she whispers with seductive and sultry vocals, while André 3000 "buzzes" and raps over a nostalgic Aquemini leaky faucet beat as stated by Rogulewski from Vibe. [109] [110] Newman of the website HitFix commented that Beyoncé's vocal performance contrasted André 3000's spoken lyrics. [116]

Critical reception

Upon its release, the collaboration of "Back to Black" received mixed reviews by music critics. Critics discussed that the song was already "perfect" to be further reworked. [122] A writer of Consequence commented that the cover was "an intriguing take on the sultry number, featuring a soft pulse of dub underneath the syrupy sing-talk of André and breathy croon a la Marilyn Monroe/Betty Boop from Queen B." [123] Paula Mejía of the same website listed the song as a highlight on the album, adding that the singers "take an unsettling postmortem stab": "Oozing womps from the latter [Beyoncé] trickle into the ear slowly, mimicking that feeling when you're walking alone at night and have the suspicion you're being followed, but you're too freaked-out and cool to look behind you." [124] Christina Lee of the website Idolator wrote in her review of the song that it was "a gloomier take on Southern hip-hop's codeine effect", comparing it with OutKast's album Aquemini (1998) reinterpreted for contemporary times. [125] Charley Rogulewski of Vibe magazine commented that the cover was "a drugged-out slow burner in comparison to the doo-wop original, which boasted Winehouse's robust vocals". [126] C. Vernon Coleman of XXL magazine simply described it as "dope". [127] Describing it as a shift in Beyoncé's usual approach, Ann Powers of NPR noted that "[she] gets stuck in the 1950s, sounding far more like a torch singer than a blues queen" but added that it was not a problem since "Lurhmann's[sic] postmodernism has plenty of room for the juxtaposition of historic and current styles." [128] She further added that André 3000 sings in a "dandyish snarl that's been off-putting to some, but his radical rearrangement of the song comes closer than anything else here to Lurhmann's[sic] own nearly surrealist aesthetic". [128] Describing the cover as "distinguishable", Logan Smithson of PopMatters further commented, "Though the cover doesn't top Winehouse's original, it is good in its own right and feels right at home on Gatsby. Besides, who doesn't love hearing André 3000's voice?". [118] Kelly Dearmore from the American Songwriter described the cover as "synthy [and] trippy", writing that the singers turn it into a "wondrously hypnotic effect, and in turn, setting the tone for the entire album by blending brash audacity with dark surrealism". [129]

In a more mixed review, AllMusic's David Jeffries called the song an "icy cold reading" of the original. [130] Noting that it had a "lavish-yet-empty feeling", Aisha Harris from Slate magazine wrote in her review: "The song has the feel of a blurry stupor—fitting... for the dark undertones of The Great Gatsby, but not terribly satisfying outside that context. Winehouse's vocals had a visceral, emotional punch, whereas here, there's little connection between the sound of the voices and the meaning of the lyrics. 'Life is like a pipe/ And I'm a tiny penny rolling up the walls inside' doesn't feel as meaningful coming from Beyoncé as it did from Winehouse." [7] Thomas Conner from the Chicago Sun-Times wrote that Beyoncé surprises by downshifting into "indie-chanteuse mode" for the cover, which he noted was sung "with a sad sexual tension that approaches torch song but never ignites it". [131] Newman from the website HitFix wrote in her review that the original version was stronger than the cover and added that it felt like it was a song by André 3000 featuring Beyoncé as the song mainly featured his vocals. She finished her review by grading the cover with a B-side and wrote, "André 3000 and Beyoncé aren't afraid to rework the track and make it their own, for which they deserve credit, but their remake won't make anyone forget Amy's version." [116] Jim Farber of New York Daily News wrote in his review that "unfortunately" Beyoncé only makes a cameo appearance in the song while André 3000 dominates with a "rank rap and a woeful vocal". [132] Writing that it sounded "dull", Cameron Adams of Herald Sun added "it's got nice guitar work but the minimal remake is worth it only to hear Bey sing, 'I love blow and you love puff'". [133] Paste magazine's Philip Cosores wrote that "'Back to Black' sees Jay Z sticking his wife with a pretty raw deal, with the male half of the duet getting the opening verse and the chorus virtually to himself, leaving Bey with scraps at the end." [134]

Mark Beech from Bloomberg L.P. gave a negative review of the cover, writing that Beyoncé and André 3000 "murdered" the original version and noted that F. Scott Fitzgerald, the author of the novel The Great Gatsby on which the film was based, would be "baffled" by it. [135] Kathy McCabe from The Daily Telegraph wrote that the song was the most controversial musical moment from the soundtrack and added that it seemed "unrecognisable from the original, darker and so cut and pasted, it gives you the jitters after a couple of minutes". [136] Keith Murphy of Vibe magazine described the cover version as the soundtrack's "weakest link", although he called it "credible". He added that Beyoncé sounds "way too pristine" on it and wrote, "Please avoid covering the late Amy Winehouse if you are unable to project her heartbreaking anguish." [119] Stacy Lambe of VH1 panned the cover of "Back to Black" as "the biggest disappointment on the soundtrack". [137] Another writer of the same website also gave it a negative review, saying "I think the arrangement of this is sleepy and practically smothers the angst out of the song. Also, Beyoncé lives such a perfect life that she can't convey the same bitter pain in her voice that Amy could." [137]

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