| Bokermann's nectar bat | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Chiroptera |
| Family: | Phyllostomidae |
| Genus: | Lonchophylla |
| Species: | L. bokermanni |
| Binomial name | |
| Lonchophylla bokermanni Sazima et al., 1978 | |
 | |
Bokermann's nectar bat (Lonchophylla bokermanni) is a bat species from South America. It is endemic to Brazil. It feeds on nectar, and is listed as an endangered species. [1]
This species was discovered by Ivan Sazima and Marlies Sazima in 1974 in Serra do Cipó National Park. The species was described by Ivan Sazima, Luiz Vizotto, and Valdir Taddei in 1978. [2] It was named after Werner Carlos Augusto Bokermann—a prominent Brazilian herpetologist and former head of the bird department at the São Paulo Zoo. [3]
While it was once thought to have a wider geographic range, a 2013 analysis concluded that the population of L. bokermanni in the Atlantic Forest was actually a new, separate species, Peracchi's nectar bat. [4] The implications of this taxonomic split were part of the reason that this species' listing was changed to endangered in 2016 by the IUCN, as it meant that it was not as widespread as previously thought. [1]
It is a larger member of its genus. The forearm is 38.7–41.3 mm (1.52–1.63 in) long, and their total body length is 60–65 mm (2.4–2.6 in). Their total wingspan is 28 cm (11 in) long, and they weigh approximately 12 g (0.42 oz). [5] [2] Their dental formula is 2.1.2.32.1.3.3. The nose-leaf is approximately 7 mm (0.28 in) long and 5 mm (0.20 in) wide. The ears are short and broad, and are rounded at the tips. Ears are approximately 14 mm (0.55 in) long and 9 mm (0.35 in) wide. The tragus is about 5.5 mm (0.22 in) long and pointed at the tip. The lower lip is furrowed and lined with 4-6 warts. The tongue is long and protrusible, with papillae at the tip. The calcar is short but distinct, at 7.5 mm (0.30 in) long. The plagiopatagium attaches at the ankle. All the flight membranes are hairless and dark in color. Their fur is dense and soft. Fur on the dorsal side is yellowish brown to grayish brown, and darker than fur on the ventral, which is ash gray to grayish brown. The ears and nose-leaf are light brown. It can be distinguished from other members of its genus by its short upper and lower tooth rows, trilobulate lower incisors, distinctly shaped second upper premolars, and narrow premolars and molars. [2]
This species is nectarivorous, and forages by trap-lining. They hover as they drink from flowers. They are known to feed from Encholirium glaziovii and Bauhinia flowers. [2] [6] Each visit to a flower is brief, lasting only tenths of a second. The bat will circle a chosen flower before facing it to drink. [6] Stomach analysis shows that they also consume pollen and ants. [2] Between foraging bouts, they will take 5-30 minute breaks on short trees. They forage alone. Possibly, they undergo short migrations in response to food availability. [6] They have a karyotype of 28. The x-chromosome is medium-sized and metacentric, while the y-chromosome is small and acrocentric. [7]
It is only found in the Cerrado of Brazil. [4] What was thought in 2010 to be an expansion of the species' previous range into the Atlantic Forest ended up as the discovery of a new, closely related species Peracchii's nectar bat. [8] [4] Bokermann's nectar bat has only been confirmed in Jaboticatubas, Itambé do Mato Dentro, and Diamantina, all of which are in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. [1]
In 1996, it was listed as vulnerable by the IUCN. In 2008, it was revised to data deficient, but it has since been uplisted to endangered. [1]
The New World leaf-nosed bats (Phyllostomidae) are bats found from southern North America to South America, specifically from the Southwest United States to northern Argentina. They are ecologically the most varied and diverse family within the order Chiroptera. Most species are insectivorous, but the phyllostomid bats include within their number true predatory species and frugivores. For example, the spectral bat, the largest bat in the Americas, eats vertebrate prey, including small, dove-sized birds. Members of this family have evolved to use food groups such as fruit, nectar, pollen, insects, frogs, other bats, and small vertebrates, and in the case of the vampire bats, even blood.
Geoffroy's tailless bat is a species of phyllostomid bat from the American tropics.
Dekeyser's nectar bat is a bat species found in Brazil and Bolivia.
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The little big-eared bat is a bat species in the order Chiroptera and family Phyllostomidae. It is from South and Central America particularly Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, French Guiana, Brazil, Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, Argentina, Paraguay, Suriname and Trinidad. Though its exact population is unknown, it is considered widespread and occurs in protected areas, although deforestation may be a minor threat, it is classified as Least Concern. It is found in multistratal evergreen forests and dry thorn forests and forages near streams and is found hollow trees, logs, caverns, or houses with groups up to twelve. The head and body length measures at 44 millimetres (1.7 in) for males and 45 millimetres (1.8 in) for females. Males usually weigh about 5 grams (0.18 oz) while females weigh 5.7 grams (0.20 oz).
The Ipanema bat is a bat species of order Chiroptera and family Phyllostomidae. It is found in northern Argentina, Bolivia, southeastern Brazil and Paraguay. It is the only species within its genus.
Lonchophylla is a genus of bats in the family Phyllostomidae.
The Guadeloupe big-eyed bat is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. It is found in Guadeloupe and Montserrat. It is threatened by habitat loss mostly because of Hurricane Hugo, which destroyed 90% of its population in 1989. The species may be locally extinct in some areas of Guadeloupe.
The greater long-nosed bat or Mexican long-nosed bat is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. It is found in Mexico and the United States. It chiefly consumes pollen and nectar, particularly from agave plants and cacti. Its habitat includes desert scrub and open woodlands. It is threatened by habitat loss.
The western nectar bat is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. It is found in Ecuador and Peru.
Leach's single leaf bat, also known as Greater Antillean long-tongued bat, is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. It is found in the southern Bahamas and in all the Greater Antilles. It forms large colonies, with up to a few hundred thousand individuals, and feeds on a relatively wide variety of food items including pollen, nectar, fruit and insects.
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Peracchi's nectar bat is a species of nectar-feeding bat in the family Phyllostomidae. It was first described from the Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil.
Lonchophylla inexpectata is a species of leaf-nosed bat found in Brazil.
Dryadonycteris capixaba is a species of leaf-nosed bat found in South America. It is the only species within the genus Dryadonycteris.
The Chocoan long-tongued bat is a species of bat found in South America. It was described as a new species in 2004.
Orcés’s long-tongued bat is a species of leaf-nosed bat found in Ecuador.
Chiroderma vizottoi is a species of frugivorous bat found in the northeast of Brazil.
Lonchophylla orienticollina is a species of bat found in Colombia, Venezuela, and Ecuador.
Lonchophylla fornicata is a species of bat found in South America.
