Borophosphate

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The borophosphates are mixed anion compounds containing borate and phosphate anions, which may be joined together by a common oxygen atom. Compounds that contain water or hydroxy groups can also be included in the class of compounds. [1]

Contents

Borophosphates can be classified by whether or not they are hydrated, and the anion structure, which can be single, double, triple, isolated ring, isolated branched ring, simple chain, branched chain, loop chain, layers, or three-dimensional network. [1] The isolated anion compounds are the borate phosphates, which contain separate borate and phosphate groups. Some of the borophosphate structures resemble silicates. [1]

Related compounds include aluminophosphates, which have aluminium instead of boron, gallophosphates, [2] with gallium in place of boron, and by substituting the phosphate: boroarsenates, boroantimonates, and vanadoborates.

Formation

Borophosphates can be formed by heating compounds together at up to 900 °C. The products are dense, anhydrous, and do not contain organic substances. [2]

Solvothermal synthesis uses a non water solvent such as ethylene glycol to dissolve the product. [2]

The flux method crystallises from a molten flux of boric acid and sodium dihydrogen phosphate at around 171. [3]

The hydrothermal method heats the ingredients with water under pressure up to 200 °C. The ingredients are boric acid, phosphoric acid, metal salts, or organic bases. Products often contain hydrogen. [2]

The ionothermal synthesis method uses an ionic liquid such as 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide as a solvent. This can be done at atmospheric pressure and temperatures under 100 °C. [2]

Characteristics

Borophosphate compounds have been investigated for magnetic, electrical, optical and catalytic properties. Some borophosphates are porous and so have surface for interaction on their interiors, not just their surface. They can reversibly absorb water, or have channels that can allow ions to conduct. The reflection of a labelled tetrahedron cannot be superimposed (even with rotation or movements), so the compounds containing phosphate and borate tetrahedrons can be non-centrosymmetric, or chiral. [2]

List

nameformulacrystal systemspace groupunit cell Åvolumedensitycommentrefs
Li[B3PO6(OH)3]looped chain B3O3 rings OH on B and P [1]
Li2B3PO8P1 [2]
Li3BP2O8P1 [2]
NH4BeBP2O8·1/3H2OcubicP213zeolite-ANA structure [4]
(NH4)2[B3PO7(OH)2]looped chain B3O3 rings OH on B [1]
(NH4)2B2P3O11(OH)monoclinicP21/ca=15.774 b=7.5213 c=8.9661 β=106.93° Z=41020.02.238 [5]
(NH4)3H2[BOB(PO4)3]infinite chains [6]
(NH4)4[H2B2P4O16]tetragonalP41212 [2]
(NH4)2BP2O7(OH)tetragonalP41212a=7.2162 c=14.8258 Z=4772.032.046 [5]
Na2[BP2O7(OH)]orthorhombicPna21a=6.8236, b=20.7911, c=13.1446, Z=12layers [7]
Na3B6PO13orthorhombicPnmaa=9.3727, b=16.2307, c=6.7232, Z=48 member rings [3]
Na3BP2O8monoclinicC2/ca=12.567, b=10.290, c=10.210, β=92.492, Z=2infinite chains [3]
Na5[BOB(PO4)3)]infinite chains [6]
NaBeBP2O8·1/3H2OcubicP213zeolite-ANA structure [4]
Na13(H2O)2[B6P11O42(OH)2]Cl2·H2OF23 [2]
MgBPO4(OH)2P3121 [2]
dimagnesium (monohydrogen­monophosphate­dihydrogenmonoborate­monophosphate)Mg2[BP2O7(OH)3]triclinicP1a=6.452, b=6.455, c=8.360, α=82.50, β=82.56, γ=80.98, Z=1338.8triple [8]
(H3O)Mg(H2O)2[BP2O8]·H2OP6122 [2]
Mg3(H2O)6(B(OH)3PO4)2double [1]
LiMg(H2O)2[BP2O8]·H2OP6522 [2]
NaMg(H2O)2[BP2O8]•H2OhexagonalP6122a=9.428, c=15.820loop branched chain [9]
Na2[MgB3P2O11(OH)]·2/3H2OhexagonalP63a=11.771, c=12.100, Z=62.537colourless [10]
Na3[Al2B6P4O22(OH)3](H2O)6orthorhombicCmcaa=6.9493 b=14.5529 c=24.027 [11]
Na3[Al2BP2O11](H2O)0.5cubicI23a=19.7822 [11]
K2B2P2O9orthorhombicP212121a=7.8227 b=8.1393 c=12.925 Z=4822.92.468 [5]
K2BP2O7(OH)orthorhombicP212121a=7.068 b=7.2396 c=14.116 Z=4722.32.574 [5]
K3B4PO10triclinicP1a=6.546, b=6.567, c=12.930, α=86.04, β=81.40, γ=60.42, Z=2477.92.443colourless 2D sheet [12]
K7B2P5O19 [2]
K3[B5PO10(OH)3]loop branch [1]
LiK2BP2O8P21/n [2]
Li3K2BP4O14Cmca [2]
KBeBP2O8·1/3H2OcubicP213a=12.427, Z=121,919zeolite-ANA structure [4]
K2Na3B2P3O13orthorhombicCmc21a = 13.924 b = 6.7673 c = 12.130 Z = 4B2P3O13 chain [13]
KMg(H2O)2[BP2O8]•H2OhexagonalP6122a=9.463, c=15.815loop branched chain [9]
Ca[BPO5]loop branch B2PO3 rings [1]
Sc(H2O)2[BP2O8]·H2OhexagonalP6522a=9.5752, c=15.8145, Z=61,255.72.378 [14]
Sc(H2O)2[BP2O8]hexagonalP6522a=9.535, c=15.768, Z=6 [14]
NaSc[BP2O6(OH)3]·HPO4P21/c [2]
Ti[BP2O7(OH)3]I41/amd [2]
V2[B(PO4)3] [15]
(VO)2BP2O10 [16]
Li3V2[BP3O12(OH)][HPO4]P21/c [2]
Na2[VB3P2O12(OH)]·2.92H2OI-43m [15]
NH4VIII[BP2O8(OH)]monoclinicP21/ca=9.425, b=8.269, c=9.697, β=102.26°, Z=4738.5 [17]
[ Im H2]3.8(H3O)1.2[(VIVO)4(BO)2(PO4)5]·0.3H2OmonoclinicC2/ca=9.4737, b=22.144, c=17.219, β=105.936°, Z=4layered [18]
[ en H2]2[Na(VO)10B(O)2(OPO3H)2}5]·22.5H2O [19]
[ trien H4]4H[NH4(VO)12{B(O)2(OPO3)2}6]·14H2OorthorhombicPbcaa=21.45, b=16.315, c=29.65, Z=4103781.920 [20]
[ trien H4]4H[K(VO)12{O3POB(O)2OPO3}6]·16H2OorthorhombicPbcaa=21.537, b=16.267, c=29.717, Z=4104111.996 [20]
KV[BP2O8(OH)]triclinicP1 [2]
Cr2[B(PO4)3]P63/m [15]
Na{Cr[BP2O7(OH)3]}monoclinicC2/ca=10.4220, b=8.2468, c=9.2053, β=116.568°, Z=4707.63 [21]
Na8[Cr4B12P8O44(OH)4][P2O7]·nH2OI23 [2]
Na11K5[NaCr8B4P12O60H8]·H2OPmnn [2]
H2Mn5(H2O)6[BP2O8]4•4H2OhexagonalP6122a=9.655, c=15.791, Z=1.5pale pink [22]
Mn[BPO4(OH)2]P3221a=7.5750, c=12.927, Z=6642.373.020 [23]
LiMn(H2O)2[BP2O8(OH)]·H2OP6522 [2]
(NH4)Mn(H2O)2(BP2O8)·H2OP6522a = 9.6559, c = 15.79391275.3 [24]
[NH4]4[Mn9B2(OH)2(HPO4)4(PO4)6]monoclinicC2/ca=32.603, b=10.617, c=10.718, β=108.26°, Z=435232.971light pink [25]
(NH4)6[Mn3B6P9O36(OH)3]·4H2OC2 [2]
(NH4)7Mn4(H2O)[B2P4O15(OH)2]2[H2PO4][HPO4]Pnma [2]
(C3H12N2)[MnB2P3O12(OH)] [2]
(C4H12N2)[MnB2P3O12(OH)]Ima2 [2]
NaMn(H2O)2[BP2O8]•H2OhexagonalP6122a=9.589, c=15.939loop branched chain [9]
Na5(H3O){Mn3[B3O3(OH)]3(PO4)6}·2H2OhexagonalP63/ma=11.9683, c=12.1303, Z=2 [26]
Na5(NH4)Mn3[B9P2O33(OH)3]·3/2H2OP63 [2]
Na2[MnB3P2O11(OH)]·2/3H2OhexagonalP63a=11.940, c=12.098, Z=62.670colourless [10]
KMnBP2O7(OH)2monoclinicP21/ca=6.659, b=12.049, c=9.790, β=109.12°, Z=4742.2orange-red luminescence [27]
KMn(H2O)2[BP2O8]•H2OhexagonalP6122a=9.639, c=15.931loop branched chain [9]
K5Mn2B2P5O19(OH)2P21/n [2]
FeIII2[B(PO4)3]P63/m [15]
Fe[B2P2O7(OH)5]monoclinicC2/ca=17.745, b=6.720, c=7.059, β=109.01°, Z=47962.808unbranched chain [1]
Fe(H2O)2BP2O8·H2Ohexagonala=9.4583, c=15.707, Z=61216.92.543 [28]
Fe[BPO4(OH)2]P3221a=7.4844, c=12.844, Z=6623.063.129 [23]
FeII(H2O)2[B2P2O8(OH)2]·H2OP21/c [2]
Fe1.834IIFe0.166IIIB0.5[PO3(OH)]0.8(HPO3)2.033cubicI43da=21.261, Z=48 [29]
NH4FeIII[BP2O8(OH)]monoclinicP21/ca=9.393, b=8.285, c=9.689, β=102.07°, Z=4737.4 [17]
(NH4)0.75Fe(H2O)2[BP2O8]·1/4H2OP6522 [2]
(C3H12N2)[FeB2P3O12(OH)]Ima2 [2]
(C4H12N2)[FeB2P3O12(OH)]Ima2 [2]
(dienH3)(dienH2)0.5[FeII*III2B4P7O26(OH)4]P1 [2]
NaFe[BP2O7(OH)3]triple
sodium diaquoiron(II) catena-[monoboro-diphosphate] monohydrateNaFe(H2O)2[BP2O8]•H2OhexagonalP6122a=9.499, c=15.931loop branched chain [9]
Na2[FeB3P2O11(OH)]·2/3H2OhexagonalP63a=11.812, c=12.067, Z=62.742light yellow [10]
potassium diaquoiron(II) catena-[monoboro-diphosphate] hemihydrateKFe(H2O)2[BP2O8]•H2OhexagonalP6122a=9.510, c=15.952loop branched chain [9]
K2Fe2[B2P4O16(OH)2]monoclinicP21/ca=9.372, b=8.146, c=9.587, β=101.18°, Z=2718.0B2P2O4 ring with phosphate sides [30]
KFeBP2O8(OH)P21/c [2]
CaFe[BP2O7(OH)3]C2/c [2]
Ca0.5Fe(H2O)2[BP2O8]·H2OP6522 [2]
Co5[BP3O14]double + phosphate [1]
Co3[BPO7]monoclinicCma=9.774, b=12.688, c=4.9057, β=119.749°, Z=4528.2 [31]
Co[BPO4(OH)2]P3121a=7.4554, c=12.7397, Z=6613.243.229 [23]
(NH4)7Co4(H2O)[B2P4O15(OH)2]2[H2PO4][HPO4]Pnma [2]
(NH4)8[Co2B4P8O30(OH)4]P1 [2]
(NH4)Co(H2O)2(BP2O8)·H2OP6122a = 9.501 c = 15.5821218.2 [24]
CoII(H2O)2[B2P2O8(OH)2]·H2OP21/c [2]
[Co(en)3][B2P3O11(OH)2] [32]
CoB2P3O12(OH)·H2 en [33]
Co(C4H12N2)[B2P3O12(OH)]orthorhombicIma2a=12.4635, b=9.4021, c=11.4513, Z=41341.90 [34]
H2Co5(H2O)6[BP2O8]4•4H2OhexagonalP6122a=9.639, c=15.931, Z=1.5purple
LiCo(H2O)2[BP2O8]·H2OP6522
NaCo(H2O)2[BP2O8]•H2OhexagonalP6122a=9.455, c=15.847loop branched chain [9]
NaCoH2BP2O9monoclinicP21/ca=6.547, b=11.404, c=9.650, β=107.37687.62.905pink; discovered in Tunisia [35]
Na2[CoB3P2O11(OH)]·2/3H2OhexagonalP63a=11.759, c=12.099, Z=62.781purple [10]
Na5(H3O){Co3[B3O3(OH)]3(PO4)6}·2H2OhexagonalP63/ma=11.7691, c=12.112, Z=2 [26]
Na6Co3B2P5O21Cl·H2OPnma
KCo(H2O)2[BP2O8]•H2OhexagonalP6122a=9.483, c=15.827loop branched chain [9]
CaCo(H2O)[BP2O8(OH)]·H2OP1 [2]
(K0.17Ca0.42)Co(H2O)2[BP2O8]·H2OP6522 [2]
(Co0.6Mn0.4)2(H2O)[BP3O9(OH)4]P212121 [2]
cobalt borophosphate ethylenediamineCoB2P3O12(OH)·en orthorhombicPbcaa=9.3501, b=12.2426, c=20.8802,390.12.471purple; layered [36] [37]
(NH4)7Co4(H2O)[B2P4O15(OH)2]2[H2PO4][HPO4]OrthorhombicPnmaa=16.9206, b=10.5592, c=22.000, Z=43,930.62.386pink [38]
(NH4)2(C4H12N2)[Co2B4P6O24(OH)2]·H2OI41/a [2]
NiBPO4(OH)2P3121 [2]
Ni(H2O)2[B2P2O8(OH)2]·H2OP21/c [2]
LiNi(H2O)2[BP2O8]·H2OP6522 [2]
NaNi(H2O)2[BP2O8]•H2OhexagonalP6122a=9.371, c=15.831loop branched chain [9]
Na2[NiB3P2O11(OH)]·2/3H2OhexagonalP63a=11.728, c=12.074, Z=62.799yellow [10]
Na5(H3O){Ni3[B3O3(OH)]3(PO4)6}·2H2OhexagonalP63/ma=11.7171, c=12.0759, Z=2 [26]
KNi(H2O)2[BP2O8]•H2OhexagonalP6122a=9.392, c=15.842loop branched chain [9]
Cu3[B2P3O12(OH)3]monoclinicCca=6.1895, b=13.6209, c=11.9373, β=97.62°, Z=4997.5 [39]
Cu(H2O)2[B2P2O8(OH)2] [40]
Cu2(H2O)[BP2O8(OH)]Pbca [2]
LiCu2[BP2O8(OH)2]C2/c [2]
LiCu2[BP2O8(OH)2]P212121 [2]
Na2[CuB3P2O11(OH)]·2/3H2OhexagonalP63a=11.554, c=12.314, Z=62.862sky-blue [10]
Na4Cu3[B2P4O15(OH)2]•2HPO4ring with side phosphate and extra phosphate
Na5KCu3[B9P6O33(OH)3]·H2OP63/m [2]
Zn(C4H12N2)[B2P3O12(OH)]orthorhombicIma2a=12.4110, b=9.4550, c=11.4592, Z=41344.69 [34]
lithium zinc diaqua catena-[monoboro-diphosphate]-monohydrateLiZn(H2O)2[BP2O8] · H2OhexagonalP61a=9.469, c=15.667, Z=61216.6spiral ribbons [41]
Na[ZnBP2O8]⋅H2OhexagonalP6122a=9.5404, c=14.7780, Z=61164.88 [42]
NaZn(H2O)2[BP2O8]•H2OhexagonalP6122a=9.456, c=15.828loop branched chain [9]
Na2[ZnB3P2O11(OH)]·2/3H2OhexagonalP63a=11.963, c=12.363, Z=62.683colourless [10]
NH4[ZnBP2O8]triclinicP1a=7.437, b=7.612, c=7.850, α=119.05, β=101.59, γ=103.43, Z=2351.182.687 [43]
Na[ZnBP2O8]triclinicP1 [2]
K[ZnBP2O8]monoclinicC2/ca=12.617, b=12.773, c=8.415, β=91.25°, Z=81355.82.991 [43]
[ trien H4]1.5[Zn6B6P12O48]·3/2H2OhexagonalP6522a=9.6685, c=14.8879; Z=1 [44]
RBPORb3B11P2O23TriclinicP1a=7.785, b=7.839, c=7.963, α=89,774, β=89.129, γ=88.211, Z=2485.62.753transparent above 168 nm; SHG 2.5× KDP; birefringence =0.071@1064 nm [45]
Rb[P2B2O8(OH)]network [1]
Li3Rb2BP4O14Cmca [2]
Rb3B11PO19F3trigonalR3a=11.3715 c=12.0240 Z=31346.532.839colourless; decompose > 470 °C; SHG 1.3 × KDP [46]
K2RbB4PO10triclinicP1a=6.5577, b=6.5931, c=13.098, α=84.626, β=80.514, γ=60.457, Z=2485.92.719colourless [12]
K2RbB8PO16birefringence 0.057@1064 nm [47]
Rb2Co3(H2O)2[B4P6O24(OH)2]orthorhombicPbcaa = 9.501, b = 12.272, c = 20.074, Z = 4 [48]
Rb[ZnBP2O8]triclinicP1a=7.439, b=7.639, c=7.861, α=118.82, β=101.73, γ=103.51, Z=2353.43.304 [43]
Sr[BPO5]P3221loop branch B2PO3 rings [1]
KSrBP2O8I42da=7.109, c=13.882 [49]
SrFe[BP2O8(OH)2]C2/c [2]
SrCo2BPO7monoclinicP21/ca=6.485, b=9.270, c=10.066, β=111.14, Z=4548.7red [50]
AgMg(H2O)2[BP2O8]·H2OP6522 [2]
2/3H2OP6522 [2]
(Ag0.57Ni0.22)Ni(H2O)2[BP2O8]·2/3H2OP6522 [2]
Na3Cd3BP4O16orthorhombicPmc21a=13.6854, b=5.335, c=18.2169, Z=4SHG 1.1×KDP [2] [51]
NH4Cd(H2O)2(BP2O8)·0.72H2OhexagonalP65a=9.698, c=16.026, Z=61305.32.886colourless [52]
In2[B(PO4)3]P63/m [15]
Cs[P2B2O8(OH)]3D network [1]
Li2Cs2B2P4O15
K2CsB4PO10triclinicP1a=6.6235, b=6.6243, c=13.273, α=79.734, β=86.558, γ=60.095, Z=2496.462.979colourless [12]
Cs2Cr3(BP4O14)(P4O13)monoclinicP21/ca=14.7918, b=15.819, c=9.7037, β=92.450, Z=4876.93.257green; [B(P2O7)2]5− [53]
CsFe(BP3O11)orthorhombicPnmaa=8.5375, b=12.7829, c=8.3346, Z=4909.593.434[N(PO4)(P2O7)]4- [53]
Cs2Co3(H2O)2[B4P6O24(OH)2]orthorhombicPbcaa=9.5526, b=12.3190, c=20.11232366.8pink [2] [54]
Cs[ZnBP2O8]triclinicP1a=7.506, b=7.914, c=8.038, α=1198.05, β=102.96, γ=104.50, Z=2373.93.545 [43]
Ba[BPO5]P3221 [2]
Ba[BP3O12]orthorhombicIbcaa=7.066, b=14.268, c=22.1592233.94.209 [1] [55]
BaB2P2O8F2monoclinicP21/na=4.4719 b=20.499 c=7.8896 β=92.955° Z=4722.33.558birefringence 0.007 @ 532 nm
KBaBP2O8I42da=7.202, c=14.300 [49]
BaFe[BP2O8(OH)]P1 [2]
BaCo[BP2O8(OH)]P1 [2]
Pb[BPO5]loop branch B2PO3 rings [1]
Pb3[(PO4)2BPO4]orthorhombicPbcaa=6.946, b=14.199, c=21.116, Z=82082.55.851open branch, 2 PO4 extra on each B [55]
Na3PbII[B(O3POH)4]I41/a [2]
KPbBP2O8I42d [2]
PbII4Cl{Co2[B(OH)2P2O8](PO4)2]}R3c [2]
RbPbBP2O8I42d [2]
BiCo2BP2O10P21/m [2]
BiNi2BP2O10P21/m [2]
K2(UO2)12[B(H2PO4)4](PO4)8(OH)(H2O)6tetragonalI42ma=21.8747, c=7.06523380.7 [56]
K5(UO2)2[B2P3O12(OH)]2(OH)(H2O)2monoclinicP21a=6.7623, b=19.5584, c=11.0110, β=95.579°1449.42 [56]
Ag2(NH4)3{(UO2)2[B3O(PO4)4(HPO4)2]}·H2OP1 [2]
Ag2−x(NH4)3{(UO2)2[B2P5−yAsyO20−x(OH)x]}Pcmn [2]
Cs3(UO2)3[B(PO4)4]∙(H2O)0.5P41212a=12.2376, c=33.9468, Z=45083.8yellow; microporous [57]

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The selenide iodides are chemical compounds that contain both selenide ions (Se2−) and iodide ions (I−) and one or metal atoms. They are in the class of mixed anion compounds or chalcogenide halides.

The sulfate fluorides are double salts that contain both sulfate and fluoride anions. They are in the class of mixed anion compounds. Some of these minerals are deposited in fumaroles.

The borosulfates are heteropoly anion compounds which have sulfate groups attached to boron atoms. Other possible terms are sulfatoborates or boron-sulfur oxides. The ratio of sulfate to borate reflects the degree of condensation. With [B(SO4)4]5- there is no condensation, each ion stands alone. In [B(SO4)3]3- the anions are linked into a chain, a chain of loops, or as [B2(SO4)6]6− in a cycle. Finally in [B(SO4)2]− the sulfate and borate tetrahedra are all linked into a two or three-dimensional network. These arrangements of oxygen around boron and sulfur can have forms resembling silicates. The first borosulfate to be discovered was K5[B(SO4)4] in 2012. Over 75 unique compounds are known.

The borotellurates are heteropoly anion compounds which have tellurate groups attached to boron atoms. The ratio of tellurate to borate reflects the degree of condensation. In [TeO4(BO3)2]8- the anions are linked into a chain. In [TeO2(BO3)4]10− the structure is zero dimensional with isolated anions. These arrangements of oxygen around boron and tellurium can have forms resembling silicates. The first borotellurates to be discovered were the mixed sodium rare earth compounds in 2015.

Borate nitrates are mixed anion compounds containing separate borate and nitrate anions. They are distinct from the boronitrates where the borate is linked to a nitrate via a common oxygen atom.

Borate sulfides are chemical mixed anion compounds that contain any kind of borate and sulfide ions. They are distinct from thioborates in which sulfur atoms replace oxygen in borates. There are also analogous borate selenides, with selenium ions instead of sulfur.

The borate chlorides are chemical compounds that contain both borate ions and chloride ions. They are mixed anion compounds. Many of them are minerals. Those minerals that crystallise with water (hydrates) may be found in evaporite deposits formed when mineral water has dried out.

Borate phosphates are mixed anion compounds containing separate borate and phosphate anions. They are distinct from the borophosphates where the borate is linked to a phosphate via a common oxygen atom. The borate phosphates have a higher ratio of cations to number of borates and phosphates, as compared to the borophosphates.

The borate bromides are mixed anion compounds that contain borate and bromide anions. They are in the borate halide family of compounds which also includes borate fluorides, borate chlorides, and borate iodides.

The borate iodides are mixed anion compounds that contain both borate and iodide anions. They are in the borate halide family of compounds which also includes borate fluorides, borate chlorides, and borate bromides.

Rhodium(III) hydroxide is a chemical compound with the formula Rh(OH)3.

Selenogallates are chemical compounds which contain anionic units of selenium connected to gallium. They can be considered as gallates where selenium substitutes for oxygen. Similar compounds include the thiogallates and selenostannates. They are in the category of chalcogenotrielates or more broadly chalcogenometallates.

A selenate selenite is a chemical compound or salt that contains selenite and selenate anions (SeO32- and SeO42-). These are mixed anion compounds. Some have third anions.

Selenidogermanates are compounds with anions with selenium bound to germanium. They are analogous with germanates, thiogermanates, and telluridogermanates.

Iodate nitrates are mixed anion compounds that contain both iodate and nitrate anions.

Oxalate sulfates are mixed anion compounds containing oxalate and sulfate. They are mostly transparent, and any colour comes from the cations.

References

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