Butterfly (Mariah Carey song)

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"Butterfly"
M Butterfly.jpg
Single by Mariah Carey
from the album Butterfly
B-side
ReleasedSeptember 1997 (1997-09)
Recorded1997
Studio Compass Point (The Bahamas)
Genre
Length4:34
Label Columbia
Composer(s)
Lyricist(s) Mariah Carey
Producer(s)
  • Mariah Carey
  • Walter Afanasieff
Mariah Carey singles chronology
"Honey"
(1997)		"Butterfly"
(1997)		"Breakdown"
(1998)
Music video
"Butterfly" on YouTube

"Butterfly" is a song recorded by American singer-songwriter, and record producer Mariah Carey for her sixth studio album of the same name (1997). It was released on September 29, 1997, by Columbia Records as the second single from the album. The song was written and produced by Carey and Walter Afanasieff. "Butterfly" is a pop and R&B ballad combining elements of gospel. Carey had originally conceived it as a house record with David Morales titled "Fly Away" (Butterfly Reprise). After realizing how personal the lyrics were and how they could be applied to Butterfly, she wrote the album's title track with Afanasieff. On the song's lyrics, Carey sings to someone, telling them to spread their wings and release into the world on their own, like a butterfly.

Contents

The accompanying music video for "Butterfly" depicts Carey in an abandoned house, trapped in a desolate life. As the video progresses, she leaves, apparently for the first time in years, and runs into a nearby meadow. Towards the end, Carey jumps over a barbed fence and goes out into the world on a horse. The song's lyrics and video were directly connected to Carey's personal life at the time. "Butterfly" was performed live on the Late Show with David Letterman , Saturday Night Live , and various European television programs. The song was also a permanent part of the set-list during her Butterfly World Tour in 1998. The single performed weakly on the charts, peaking outside the top 20 in most countries, except for New Zealand, where it peaked at number 15. The song also reached the top-ten in Croatia and Taiwan. In 2003, Q Magazine ranked "Butterfly" at number 563 in their list of the "1001 Best Songs Ever". [1]

Background and release

American singer Mariah Carey concluded her successful Daydream World Tour in June 1996. After returning to the United States, she began contemplating her future and started conceptualizing the follow-up to her 1995 album Daydream . Her marriage with Tommy Mottola, the head of her record label Columbia, was a constant struggle at the time due to personal and professional differences. [2] Mottola wrote a note to Carey at their home one day with the lyrics "Butterflies are free to fly / Fly away" from the 1975 Elton John song "Someone Saved My Life Tonight". [3] While separating from Mottola and leaving their home in December 1996, [2] a melody and the words "Don't be afraid to fly / Spread your wings / Open up the door" came into Carey's mind and formed the basis of the song "Fly Away". [4] Initially conceived as a house track, "Fly Away" became the ballad, "Butterfly", upon further reflection. She subsequently completed "Fly Away" as it was originally envisioned, and subtitled it "Butterfly Reprise". [5]

Carey began recording the songs for her new album in January 1997 [6] and named the record Butterfly due to the significance of "Butterfly". [7] The latter appears as the second song on the album while "Fly Away" is the penultimate track and acts as an interlude between "Whenever You Call" and "The Beautiful Ones". [8] [9] By June 1997, "Butterfly" was scheduled to be released as the album's lead single. [10] After instead issuing "Honey" in July, [11] Columbia released "Butterfly" to American radio stations in September, the same week the album was released in the country. [12] It acted as the second single from Butterfly [13] and was serviced to a variety of formats, including adult contemporary and urban contemporary radio stations. [14] [15] Billboard commentator Geoff Mayfield considered a strong performance from the song crucial to improve the album's commercial viability. [16]

Citing continued sales of "Honey", Columbia did not release "Butterfly" to retail outlets in the United States. [17] It issued the single as a cassette and two CDs in the United Kingdom on November 24, 1997. [18] A mini CD single followed in Japan on November 27, 1997. [19] "Fly Away" (Butterfly Reprise) appeared as the song's B-side and on the 1998 maxi single and 12-inch vinyl formats of "My All", [20] [21] the album's fifth single. [13] "Butterfly" was later included on Carey's compilation albums Greatest Hits (2001) and The Ballads (2008). [22] Columbia and Legacy Recordings released a digital extended play as part of the MC30 promotional campaign marking three decades of Carey's career on August 28, 2020. [23] [24]

Composition

Music

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"Butterfly"
A sample of the chorus with a paired vocal harmony.
Problems playing this file? See media help.

"Butterfly" is a pop, [25] pop gospel, [26] and R&B ballad. [27] Significant in length, [28] it lasts for four minutes and thirty-four seconds [29] and has a slow tempo. [30] Carey wrote the lyrics herself and composed the music with her longtime songwriting partner Walter Afanasieff. [31] The song was primarily recorded at Compass Point Studios in The Bahamas. [32] Additional recording occurred in New York at Crave Studios, in California at WallyWorld, and in New York City at The Hit Factory. Dana Jon Chappelle, Mike Scott, and David Gleeson engineered the song with assistance with from Ian Dalsemer and Oliver "Wiz" Bone. It features keyboards, synthesizers, and programming from Afanasieff, as well as additional keyboards, programmed drums, and electronic sound design from Dan Shea. [31] The piano features prominently. [33] After Carey and Afanasieff produced the track, Mick Guzauski mixed it at Crave and Bob Ludwig mastered it at Gateway Mastering in Portland, Maine. [31] DJ Grego and DJ Memê subsequently produced various remixes. [8]

Critics perceived the production as elaborate. [upper-alpha 1] J. D. Considine of The Baltimore Sun said "it has all the touchstones of R&B tradition – softly tinkling piano, a slow-boil rhythm arrangement and gospel-schooled harmonies on the chorus". [35] Although Carey described "Butterfly" as unlike any of her past collaborations with Afanasieff, [32] critics described it as similar to their previous work. [upper-alpha 2] Authors Andrew Chan and Tom Reynolds considered the composition characteristic of Carey's ballads. [39] [28] According to Alex Petridis of The Guardian , the song could have easily been released earlier in the decade. [40] In contrast, biographer Chris Nickson summarized it as "richer, sexier, more grounded in the R&B she loved". [41]

Lyrics

"Butterfly" contains two verses, a bridge, and a chorus that repeats four times. [31] It uses flying as a freedom metaphor and materializes this via the butterfly, "a delicate symbol of beauty" according to Neil Strauss of The New York Times . [42] Critics viewed the song as having a positive [upper-alpha 3] and inspirational tone. [upper-alpha 4] For Billboard's Samantha Xu and The Plain Dealer 's John Soeder, "Butterfly" emotionally processes the act of adapting in life. [33] [48] Newfound personal autonomy was viewed as a major lyrical theme; [upper-alpha 5] Lindsey Dobbins dubbed it the "Mariah Carey Declaration of Independence" in Vulture . [52] Entertainment Weekly 's David Browne and the Gavin Report 's Annette M. Lai said it utilizes the adage of loving someone enough to let them go. [26] [53] More specifically, others deemed it a derivative of the 1985 Sting song "If You Love Somebody Set Them Free". [upper-alpha 6]

Critics related "Butterfly" to Carey and Mottola's separation. [upper-alpha 7] The lyrics "Blindly I imagined I could / Keep you under glass" received particular commentary. In The Village Voice , Michael Musto considered them evidence Carey "casts herself as the oppressor" in the relationship. [58] For Peter Piatkowski of PopMatters , the line instead demonstrates how Carey feels she was suppressed in it. [59] Rich Juzwiak from Slant Magazine likened the lyrics to Stockholm syndrome wherein Carey shows empathy for Mottola despite his actions toward her. [60] According to Richmond Times-Dispatch writer Melissa Ruggieri, they show how "Carey unabashedly acknowledges her crumbled marriage and its ensuing effect on her psyche". [47] In contrast, others were less forthright in their interpretations. [upper-alpha 8]

Carey has discussed the track's meaning on several occasions. Upon the album's release, she considered it "a song of strength, about being strong enough to recognize when a situation is not right and having the power within yourself to let that go". [7] In 2003, she described it as "a wish list of things I hoped somebody would say to me, but I wrote it as though I were talking to someone else". [63] Later in 2007, Carey specified that the song is written from Mottola's perspective and what she wished he would have said and done, before she decided to divorce. [64]

Vocals

Critics considered Carey's vocals restrained. [upper-alpha 9] She uses, for the first time in her career, a whisper style that is high in pitch yet soft in sound on "Butterfly". [60] Carey transitions to falsetto in the second verse and uses chest voice from the bridge onward. [35] [27] Mark Marymont of the Springfield News-Leader thought the song showcases "her stylized vocal pyrotechnics". [65] According to Billboard's Samantha Xu, her vocal performance has the effect of progressing from a sense of fragility to stability. [48] Carey credited her vocal delivery to recording in the Bahamas: "It was all about the whole freedom of the feeling of being there. That style of singing is really about what comes out of your mouth at the time. It can only come from being inspired." [32]

"Butterfly" features background vocals from Carey, Melonie Daniels, and Mary Ann Tatum. [31] The latter two belt the chorus lyrics, "Spread your wings and prepare to fly / For you have become a butterfly", [66] [31] which Billboard classified as a chant. [36] In the Philadelphia Daily News , Jonathan Takiff thought Carey's background vocals were reminiscent of the 1939 song "And the Angels Sing". [67] Considine said they are heard "floating above the main theme like wisps of smoke over a chimney". [35]

"Fly Away" (Butterfly Reprise)

Three minutes and forty-nine seconds in length, [29] "Fly Away" (Butterfly Reprise) was described by critics as a dance, [68] disco, [30] house, [69] and deep house version of "Butterfly". [45] Carey co-produced the song and composed its music with David Morales, [31] whom she had previously collaborated with on the remix to "Fantasy" (1995). [45] Morales and Satoshi Tomiie added additional production, and Peter "Ski" Schwartz played the keyboards. [31] Elton John and Bernie Taupin are credited as lyricists along with Carey due to the inclusion of words from the song "Someone Saved My Life Tonight". [31] [5] Dave "EQ3" Sussman and Dana Jon Chappelle engineered "Fly Away" with assistance from Ann Mincielli. In New York City, Morales mixed the track at Quad Studios and Herb Powers Jr. mastered it at Powers House of Sound. [31]

Eric Henderson of Slant Magazine described it as "jazzy, dubby" track. [9] Writing in Camera Obscura , English professor Hiram Perez said the composition was influenced by loops heard in hip hop music. [70] He summarized it as "an anthemlike mix of throbbing percussion, disco, and gospel, all combining to invoke a lexicon of gay musical sounds". [69] Carey's vocal delivery includes runs and ad libs. [66] Background vocals feature prominently throughout the track; [66] in addition to Carey, they are provided by Mary Ann Tatum and Melonie Daniels. [31] Carey sings in the whistle register on them, one of the few such occasions on Butterfly. [45] [46] Muzik writer Seamus Haji viewed the song as a vocal showcase for her. [71]

Critical reception

Music critics considered "Butterfly" one of the album's best songs. [upper-alpha 10] It has appeared high in ratings of Carey's musical output. Among her best singles, "Butterfly" has been ranked at number twenty-five (The Guardian), [40] number twenty-two (Cleveland.com), [74] and number five (Vulture). [52] On lists of her best songs, it was placed at number fifty-nine (Billboard), [48] within the top ten (Entertainment Weekly), [75] and at number two ( Gay Times ). [76]

The lyrics received mixed reviews. Billboard contributors considered them advanced [36] [45] and Michael Corcoran of the Austin American-Statesman and J. Freedom du Lac of The Sacramento Bee viewed them as underdeveloped. [54] [77] In the Waco Tribune-Herald , Grey Cavitt called the butterfly theme "a thin, flimsy greeting card to build a song". [78] Piatkowski perceived the metaphor instead as genuine depiction of Carey's experiences. [59] The music also received varied opinions. Lai and Buffalo News writer Anthony Violanti described the production as powerful; [53] [51] Marymont and Reynolds thought it was overpowering. [65] [28] In the San Francisco Chronicle , Gary Graff deemed the song an example of Carey's "cloyingly torchy material". [30] Writing for The Washington Post , Richard Harrington said it allowed her vocals to excel. [61]

Critics called Carey's vocal performance one of the best of her career. [upper-alpha 11] The restrained style of her voice received positive commentary. Music Week wrote: "No longer over-singing for the sake of it, Carey has rarely sounded more stunning." [81] Considine considered it in alignment with the butterfly's "fragility and grace"; [35] Sonia Murray of The Atlanta Journal-Constitution suggested it was evidence of artistic advancement. [57] According to USA Today critic Steve Jones, "Butterfly" serves as an impressive vocal showcase for Carey. [38] Differing in The Star-Ledger , Jay Lustig thought her voice overshadows the song's message. [82] "Butterfly" was nominated in the Best Female Pop Vocal Performance category at the 1998 Grammy Awards but lost to Sarah McLachlan's "Building a Mystery". [83]

"Fly Away" (Butterfly Reprise) received critical commentary regarding its placement on Butterfly. Cavitt and Carol Nader of The Age questioned its inclusion due to the prior appearance of "Butterfly". [78] [84] In contrast, Vibe 's Preezy Brown thought it rivaled the quality of many tracks despite being shorter in length. [66] Billboard writer Jon O'Brien said it "is such a convincing diversion you wish Carey would commit to a whole album full of similar bangers". [45]

Commercial performance

Upon the song's release, critics predicted "Butterfly" would become commercially successful. [upper-alpha 12] It ultimately performed moderately on music charts worldwide. [66] As it lacked a retail release in the United States, "Butterfly" was ineligible to appear on the Billboard Hot 100. [86] The song instead peaked at number sixteen on the Hot 100 Airplay component chart. It was Carey's lowest-peaking entry of her career on the list at the time. [87] Similarly on Hot R&B Airplay, "Butterfly" reached number twenty-seven and became her third-lowest charting appearance. [88] It was her ninth song to reach the top ten of Rhythmic Top 40, which ranks tracks played by rhythmic contemporary radio stations. [89]

"Butterfly" reached the top ten on the Taiwan sales chart [90] and on airplay charts in Croatia and Spain. [91] [92] In New Zealand, the song topped out at number fifteen. [93] It also reached the top twenty on British, French, and Italian airplay charts. [94] [95] In Canada, the track peaked at number twenty-two on the airplay chart published by RPM . [96] "Butterfly" debuted at its best position in the United Kingdom of number twenty-two. It ended Carey's streak of twelve consecutive top-ten singles dating to "I'll Be There" in 1992. [97] [98] Elsewhere, "Butterfly" entered the top forty in Australia and Sweden. [99] [100] Reflecting on the song's limited commercial performance, Carey stated in 2024: "I loved it and I think a lot of my die-hard fans loved it and it really was meaningful". [101]

"Fly Away" (Butterfly Reprise) appeared on British and American dance music charts. With "The Roof", it peaked at number twenty-five on the UK Record Mirror Club Chart published by Music Week. [102] "Fly Away" reached number thirteen on Billboard Hot Dance Club Play in the United States, her third-lowest peak on the chart at the time. [103] It was far more successful on Hot Dance Maxi-Singles Sales. With "My All", the song topped the list for two months and remained on the chart for almost two years—her longest-charting title. [104] The single was the second-best performing on the chart in 1998 and ranked at number twenty-eight in 1999. [105] [106]

Music video and performances

Carey directed the song's music video with Daniel Pearl. [107] It was partially inspired from a melatonin-induced dream in which she cut her finger on a fence while chasing something that jumped over it and was unable to keep up. [108] She worked with acting coach Sheila Gray to develop the storyline. The latter described Carey's persona as a departure from the past because it is "really soulful in a way that's going to be exciting for people to see". [109] The video opens with Carey posing like Caroll Baker in the Tennessee Williams film Baby Doll (1956), which depicts the marriage between a young woman and an older man. [110] She is seen being spied on through a peephole, escaping a mansion, and interacting with ponies. [59] [111] Emmanuel Hapsis of KQED perceived the production as peculiar. [111] According to Piatkowski, there are "intriguing shots with her singing on a landing, the light casting large shadows of the spindles which throw vertical bars across Carey's face, implying incarceration and dovetailing with the song's theme of liberation." [59] Columbia released the video in 1997 [112] and later included it as a bonus on Carey's 1999 video album Around the World . [113]

In 1997, Carey performed "Butterfly" on American television programs such as The Oprah Winfrey Show , Saturday Night Live , [114] and the Late Show with David Letterman . [115] Rolling Stone named the latter one of the best performances of her career. [116] In 2022, it was included on the 25th anniversary edition of Butterfly. [115] Carey also sang "Butterfly" during the 1998 Butterfly World Tour. [117]

Track listings

Credits and personnel

Credits adapted from the Butterfly liner notes. [31]

Charts

Notes

  1. ↑ Such as David Browne of Entertainment Weekly , [26] Gary Graff of the San Francisco Chronicle , [30] and Gerald Poindexter of The San Diego Union-Tribune [34]
  2. ↑ Such as those from Billboard , [36] Music Week , [37] and Steve Jones of USA Today [38]
  3. ↑ Such as Jon Pareles of The New York Times, [43] LLoyd Sachs of the Chicago Sun-Times , [44] and Neil Strauss of The New York Times [42]
  4. ↑ Such as Jon O'Brien of Billboard, [45] Kevin O'Hare of the Sunday Republican , [46] and Melissa Ruggieri of the Richmond Times-Dispatch [47]
  5. ↑ By those from Billboard , [49] Connie Johnson of the Los Angeles Times , [50] and Anthony Violanti of the The Buffalo News , [51] among others
  6. ↑ Attributed to Michael Corcoran of the Austin American-Statesman , [54] Timothy Finn of the Kansas City Star , [55] and John Soeder of The Plain Dealer [33]
  7. ↑ Such as Connie Johnson of the Los Angeles Times , [50] John Lyons of the Winnipeg Free Press , [56] and Sonia Murray of The Atlanta Journal-Constitution [57]
  8. ↑ Such as Richard Harrington of The Washington Post , [61] Charlie Martin of the Catholic News Service, [62] and Gerald Martinez of the New Straits Times [27]
  9. ↑ Such as J. D. Considine of The Baltimore Sun , [35] Melissa Ruggieri of the Richmond Times-Dispatch , [47] and Sonia Murray of The Atlanta Journal-Constitution [57]
  10. ↑ Attributed to Preezy Brown of Vibe , [66] A. M. Jamison of the Dayton Daily News , [72] and Paul Taylor of the Manchester Evening News [73]
  11. ↑ Attributed to Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic, [79] Kevin Howard of The Chronicle , [80] and Rich Juzwiak of Slant Magazine [60]
  12. ↑ Such as Gerald Martinez of the New Straits Times , [27] Dave Sholin of the Gavin Report, [85] and Neil Strauss of The New York Times [42]
  13. ↑ "Fly Away" (Butterfly Reprise) David Morales & Satoshi Tomiie mixes; with "The Roof" (Mobb Deep mix)
  14. ↑ "Fly Away" (Butterfly Reprise)
  15. 1 2 3 "Fly Away" (Butterfly Reprise); with "My All"

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"Always Be My Baby" is a song recorded by American singer-songwriter, and record producer Mariah Carey for her fifth studio album, Daydream (1995). It was released by Columbia Records on February 20, 1996, as the third single in the United States and fourth worldwide. Written and produced by Carey, Jermaine Dupri and Manuel Seal, "Always Be My Baby" is a midtempo song, with lyrics describing the feeling of attachment and unity the singer feels towards her estranged lover, even though they are no longer together, she says he will always be a part of her and will "always be her baby" even after they move on.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Honey (Mariah Carey song)</span> 1997 single by Mariah Carey

"Honey" is a song by American singer and songwriter Mariah Carey from her sixth studio album, Butterfly (1997). It was released as the lead single from Butterfly on July 29, 1997, by Columbia Records. The song was written and produced by Carey, Sean Combs, Kamaal "Q-Tip" Fareed and Steven "Stevie J" Jordan. The song samples "Hey DJ" by World-Famous Supreme Team and "The Body Rock" by the Treacherous Three. "Honey" was a redefining song in Carey's career, pushing her further into the hip hop scene.

<i>Here Is Mariah Carey</i> 1993 video by Mariah Carey

Here Is Mariah Carey, also known as Mariah Carey or This Is Mariah Carey, is the third video album by American singer Mariah Carey. It presents Carey performing live at Proctor's Theatre in Schenectady, New York, in July 1993, and also includes non-concert footage. Carey performs ten songs during the video; four are from her third studio album Music Box (1993), which Columbia Records commissioned Here Is Mariah Carey to promote. She is sporadically accompanied by a band, choir, dancers, and string musicians. In creating the stage for the performance, production designers sought inspiration from works by Boris Aronson and Josep Maria Jujol. Lawrence Jordan, who collaborated with Carey on previous occasions, directed the hour-long video.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Never Forget You (Mariah Carey song)</span> 1994 single by Mariah Carey

"Never Forget You" is a song recorded by American singer Mariah Carey for her third studio album, Music Box (1993). Carey co-wrote the slow jam with Babyface and the pair produced it with Daryl Simmons. Columbia Records released the song on January 21, 1994, as the B-side to "Without You" and promoted it to American urban contemporary radio stations as the album's fourth single. The lyrics lament the end of a romance. Strings, synthesizers, and percussion characterize the composition; Jermaine Dupri altered them for remixes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">I Still Believe (Brenda K. Starr song)</span> 1988 single by Brenda K. Starr

"I Still Believe" is a song written and composed by Antonina Armato and Giuseppe Cantarelli, and originally recorded by pop singer Brenda K. Starr for her eponymous second studio album, Brenda K. Starr (1987). It is a ballad in which the singer is confident she and her former boyfriend will be together again one day. It is Starr's biggest hit in the United States, reaching the top-twenty on the Billboard Hot 100 and being considered her signature song. "I Still Believe" was covered by American singer Mariah Carey, a former backup singer for Starr before she achieved success, for her #1's album in 1998 and released as a single in 1999. It was also recorded by Cantopop singer Sandy Lam in 1989.

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