Calamus (fish)

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Calamus
Temporal range: 33–0  Ma
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S
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C
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Early Oligocene to Present [1]
Calamus bajonado.jpg
Calamus bajonado
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Spariformes
Family: Sparidae
Genus: Calamus
Swainson, 1839
Type species
Calamus megacephalus
Swainson, 1839 [2]
Species

see text

Synonyms [2]
  • Grammateus Poey, 1872

Calamus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Sparidae, the seabreams and porgies. Most of the species in this genus are found in the Western Atlantic Ocean, with 2 species occurring in the Eastern Pacific Ocean.

Contents

Taxonomy

Calamus was first proposed as a monospecific genus in 1839 by the English zoologist William John Swainson when he described Calamus megacephalus as its only species. [3] The type locality of C. megacephalus was given as Martinique, it was later found to be a junior synonym of Pagellus calamus , described by Achille Valenciennes in 1830. [4] This genus is placed in the family Sparidae within the order Spariformes by the 5th edition of Fishes of the World . [5] Some authorities classify this genus in the subfamily Sparinae, [6] but the 5th edition of Fishes of the World does not recognise subfamilies within the Sparidae. [5]

Etymology

Calamus means "quill", an allusion to what Swainson described as “the second anal-fin spine, hollow, shaped as a pen". [3] The name of the senior synonym of the type species is, therefore, not a tautonym. [7]

Species

Calamus contains the fiollowing recognized species: [8]

Characteristics

Calamus porgies are characterized by having deep, compressed bodies and deep heads which has a steep dorsal profile and deep cheeks. The posterior nostrils are slits. The large mouth has fleshy lips and a large lower jaw. The suborbital bone overlaps the rear of the maxilla. There are 2 rows of teeth in the jaws, the teeth at the front are canine like and those in the rear resemble molars. The preoperculum has no serrations or spines on its margin. The dorsal fin is low and contains 13 spines while the anal fin is contains 3 spines. The pectoral fins are markedly longer than the pelvic fins. The cheeks and gill cover are scaled but the snout and space in front of the eyes are naked. [9] The largest species in the genus is the jolthead porgy (C. bajonado) which has a maximum published fork length of 76 cm (30 in) while the smallest is the spotfin porgy (C. cervigoni) with a maximum published total length of 20 cm (7.9 in). [8]

Distribution

Calamus porgies are found in the Americas, 11 of the 13 species being found in the Western Atlantic Ocean and the other 2, C. brachysomus and C. taurinus, in the eastern Pacific Ocean. [8]

Fisheries

Calamus porgies are valued as food fishes and are important quarry species for both commercial and recreational fisheries. [10]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sparidae</span> Family of fishes

Sparidae is a family of ray-finned fishes belonging to the order Spariformes, the sea breams and porgies, although they were traditionally classified in the order Perciformes. They are found in shallow temperate and tropical waters around the world and are demersal carnivores.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nemipteridae</span> Family of fishes

Nemipteridae, the threadfin breams, whiptail breams, or Sultan Ibrahim, is a family of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the order Spariformes. These fishes are found in the Indo-West Pacific region.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sheepshead porgy</span> Species of fish

The sheepshead porgy, also known as the littlemouth porgy or speckled porgy, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, the seabreams and porgies. This species is found in the Western Atlantic Ocean.

<i>Argyrops spinifer</i> Species of fish

Argyrops spinifer, the king soldierbream, Bowen snapper, long-spined red bream, longfin snapper, longspine seabream and red bokako, It is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae. This species is found in the Indian Ocean.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Saucereye porgy</span> Species of fish

The saucereye porgy is an ocean-going species of fish in the family Sparidae. In Bermuda, they are also known as the goat's head porgy. In Jamaica, they are known as the Porgi grunt and the sugareye porgy. They may also be known simply by the name Porgy in several other Caribbean islands. Saucereye porgies are considered to be minor gamefishes and when caught are marketed both fresh and frozen.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jolthead porgy</span> Species of fish

The jolthead porgy is an ocean-going species of fish in the family Sparidae. In Bermuda, it is known as the blue bone porgy, in the United States, it is also known by the Spanish name bojanado, in Jamaica, it is one of the species known by the name, porgi grunt.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pluma porgy</span> Species of fish

The Pluma porgy is an ocean-going fish of the family Sparidae. In many parts of the Caribbean, it is simply known as the Pluma, while in Jamaica can be called the Pimento grunt, and is sometimes called the West Indian porgy in the United States. The Pluma porgy was described by Alphone Guichenot, a French zoologist who taught, researched, and participated in specimen collecting trips on behalf of the National Natural History Museum in Paris, in 1869.

<i>Archosargus</i> Genus of fishes

Archosargus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Sparidae, the sea breams and porgies. These fishes occur in the Western Atlantic and Eastern Pacific Oceans.

<i>Monotaxis</i> (fish) Genus of fishes

Monotaxis is a small genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Lethrinidae, the emperors and emperor breams. The fishes in this genus are found in the Indian and western Pacific Oceans.

<i>Lethrinus</i> Genus of fishes

Lethrinus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Lethrinidae, the emperors and emperor breams. These fishes are mostly found in the Indian and western Pacific Oceans, with a single species in the eastern Atlantic Ocean.

<i>Pentapodus</i> Genus of fishes

Pentapodus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Nemipteridae, the threadfin breams. These fishes are found in the Indo-Pacific region.

<i>Acanthopagrus</i> Genus of fishes

Acanthopagrus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Sparidae, the sea breams and porgies. The fish in this genus are found in the Indian and western Pacific Oceans.

<i>Nemipterus bipunctatus</i> Species of fish

Nemipterus bipunctatus, the Delagoa threadfin bream, Bleeker's threadfin bream or butterfly bream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Nemipteridae, the threadfin and whiptail breams. This demersal fish is found over soft bottoms in the Indian Ocean.

<i>Acanthopagrus berda</i> Species of fish

Acanthopagrus berda, the goldsilk seabream, sly bream, picnic seabream, black sea bream, black porgy, picky bream, silver bream or river bream, is a species of ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, the sea breams and porgies. This species is found in the Indian Ocean.

<i>Argyrozona</i> Carpenter seabream, a fish in the family Sparidae

Argyrozona is a monospecific genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, the seabreams and progies. Its only species is Argyrozona argyrozona, the carpenter seabream or doppie, which is endemic to the waters off southern South Africa.

<i>Argyrops</i>

Argyrops is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Sparidae, the seabreams and porgies. These fishes are found in the coasts of Indian Ocean and near Australia.

<i>Argyrops bleekeri</i> Species of fish

Argyrops bleekeri, the Taiwan tai, frypan bream, Bowen snapper, frypan snapper, king soldier bream, longfin snapper or longspine snapper, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, the seabreams and porgies. This species is found in the Western Pacific Ocean.

<i>Boopsoidea</i> Species of sea breeam (fish)

Booposoidea is a monospecific genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, the seabreams and porgies. The only species in the genus is Boopsoidea inornata, the Fransmadam or Karel grootoog, which is endemic to the southwestern Indian Ocean off South Africa.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Doublewhip threadfin bream</span> Species of fish

The doublewhip threadfin bream is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Nemipteridae, the threadfin breams. This species is found in the Indo-West Pacific region.

Argyrops filamentosus, the soldierbream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, the seabreams and porgies. This fish is found in the Western Indian Ocean.

References

  1. Sepkoski, Jack (2002). "A compendium of fossil marine animal genera". Bulletins of American Paleontology. 364: 560. Archived from the original on 2009-02-20. Retrieved 2007-12-25.
  2. 1 2 Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Sparidae". Catalog of Fishes . California Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 1 January 2024.
  3. 1 2 Swainson, W. (1839). On the natural history and classification of fishes, amphibians, & reptiles, or monocardian animals. Vol. 2. London: Spottiswoode & Co.
  4. Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Calamus". Catalog of Fishes . California Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 1 January 2024.
  5. 1 2 Nelson, J.S.; Grande, T.C.; Wilson, M.V.H. (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 502–506. doi:10.1002/9781119174844. ISBN   978-1-118-34233-6. LCCN   2015037522. OCLC   951899884. OL   25909650M.
  6. Parenti, P. (2019). "An annotated checklist of the fishes of the family Sparidae". FishTaxa. 4 (2): 47–98.
  7. "Order SPARIFORMES: Families LETHRINIDAE, NEMIPTERIDAE and SPARIDAE". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf. 22 December 2023. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
  8. 1 2 3 Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2023). Species of Calamus in FishBase . October 2023 version.
  9. "Genus: Calamus, Common Porgy, Porgies". Shorefishes of the Greater Caribbean online information. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute . Retrieved 2 January 2024.
  10. George H. Darcy (1986). Synopsis of Biological Data on the Porgies, Calamus arctifrons and C. proridens (Pisces: Sparidae) (PDF). NOAA Technical Report. Vol. NMFS44. NOAA.