Campynema

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Campynema
Novae Hollandiae plantarum specimen (Tab. 121) (8224180122).jpg
Campynema lineare Labill.
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Liliales
Family: Campynemataceae
Genus: Campynema
Labill. [1]
Species:
C. lineare
Binomial name
Campynema lineare
Synonyms [2]

Campynema pygmaeumF.Muell. ex Benth.

Campynema is a genus in the family Campynemataceae first described in 1805. [1] [3] It contains only one known species (monotypic), Campynema lineare, endemic to the island of Tasmania in Australia. [2] [4] Its closest relative is Campynemanthe , endemic to New Caledonia, [5] sole other genus of the family.

Contents

Campynema lineare

C. lineare, also known as the green mountain lily, [6] [7] is a small inconspicuous erect herb that grows to 15–30 cm in height. Its leaves consist of a single, curved basal leaf, with smaller leaves ascending up the flower stem. [7] It is most distinguishable by its striking green flower, which blooms in summer. [7] The flower is usually solitary, with 6 green tepals, sometimes with a burgundy tinge and developing brown edges with age, [7] lacking apparent nectaries. [8] The anthers are dorsifixed, styluli are free but thickened and contiguous below. The seeds are numerous and are flattened, sometimes almost discoid, with a spongy outer coat. [8] It is a geophyte, [9] and its leaves are deciduous in winter.

C. lineare is approximately 57 million years old. [10] It is considered to a key member of Tasmania's palaeoendemic flora. [10] A study of the gene sequences of RuBisCO in C. lineare, found that the family Campynemataceae is the oldest of the order Liliales. [11]

C. lineare was once considered to be part of the family Liliaceae. [7]

Distribution

C. lineare can be found in boggy sites in the central, western and central mountains of Tasmania, mostly in the subalpine and alpine regions. [12] It is most commonly found in herbfields, heathlands, cushion plant communities, and lake edges. [13]

Threats and Conservation

C. lineare is not considered under any specific threats due to being situated predominantly in protected areas, [14] however some of the habitats in which it is found are predicted to decline due to climate change. [15] The most likely declines in Australian alpine ecosystems have been shown to be in alpine herbfield and cushion plant communities. [15] Due to its palaeoendemic status, the Tasmanian Parks and Wildlife Service consider C. lineare to be of high conservation significance. [14]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Campynemataceae</span> Family of flowering plants

Campynemataceae (Campynemaceae) is a family of flowering plants. The family consists of two genera and four species of perennial herbaceous plants endemic to New Caledonia and Tasmania.

<i>Forstera bellidifolia</i> Species of flowering plant

Forstera bellidifolia, the Tasmanian forstera, is a species in the family Stylidiaceae that is endemic to Tasmania, Australia. It was described by William Jackson Hooker in an 1851 volume of Icones Plantarum. It is notably different from other members of the genus in that it is not native to New Zealand nor does it possess the epigynous nectaries that are present in the other species.

<i>Donatia novae-zelandiae</i> Species of flowering plant

Donatia novae-zelandiae is a species of mat-forming cushion plant, found only in New Zealand and Tasmania. Common names can include New Zealand Cushion or Snow Cushion, however Snow Cushion also refers to Iberis sempervirens. Donatia novae-zelandiae forms dense spirals of thick, leathery leaves, creating a hardy plant that typically exists in alpine and subalpine bioclimatic zones.

<i>Gaultheria hispida</i> Species of flowering plant

Gaultheria hispida, commonly known as the copperleaf snowberry, is an endemic eudicot of Tasmania, Australia. It is an erect multi-branched shrub, that can be found in wet forests and alpine woodlands. Its berries appear snowy white and leaves are tipped with a copper tinge, hence the common name.

<i>Ewartia planchonii</i> Species of flowering plant

Ewartia planchonii, commonly known as creeping cushionherb, is an endemic herb to alpine areas of Tasmania. E. planchonii is commonly found in the western highlands of Tasmania. The Ewartia genus is described as cushion plants/herbs due to the characteristic growth habits of low growing, highly compact mats which are made up of highly packed stems. These mats are slow-growing and are often located in soils that contain low nutrients.

<i>Anopterus glandulosus</i> Species of tree

Anopterus glandulosus, commonly known as native laurel or Tasmanian laurel, is a species of shrub or small tree in the family Escalloniaceae. Endemic to south and southwestern Tasmania, A. glandulosus is widespread in the moist understoreys of Tasmanian temperate rainforests and wet sclerophyll forests from sea level to mountainous regions below 1,200 metres (3,937 ft) above sea level.

<i>Telopea truncata</i> Shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Tasmania

Telopea truncata, commonly known as the Tasmanian waratah, is a plant in the family Proteaceae. It is endemic to Tasmania where it is found on moist acidic soils at altitudes of 600 to 1200 m (2000–4000 ft). Telopea truncata is a component of alpine eucalypt forest, rainforest and scrub communities. It grows as a multistemmed shrub to a height of 3 metres (10 ft), or occasionally as a small tree to 10 m (35 ft) high, with red flower heads, known as inflorescences, appearing over the Tasmanian summer and bearing 10 to 35 individual flowers. Yellow-flowered forms are occasionally seen, but do not form a population distinct from the rest of the species.

<i>Dracophyllum milliganii</i> Species of flowering plant

Dracophyllum milliganii is a species of angiosperm in the family Ericaceae and the sub-family Epacridoideae. It is a distinctive alpine shrub, endemic to western Tasmania.

<i>Orites revolutus</i> Species of plant in the family Proteaceae endemic to Tasmania

Orites revolutus , also known as narrow-leaf orites, is a Tasmanian endemic plant species in the family Proteaceae. Scottish botanist Robert Brown formally described the species in Transactions of the Linnean Society of London in 1810 from a specimen collected at Lake St Clair. Abundant in alpine and subalpine heath, it is a small to medium shrub 0.5 to 1.5 m tall, with relatively small, blunt leaves with strongly revolute margins. The white flowers grow on terminal spikes during summer. Being proteaceaous, O. revolutus is likely to provide a substantial food source for nectivorous animal species within its range.

<i>Pomaderris apetala</i> Species of tree

Pomaderris apetala is a small tree or large shrub from the family Rhamnaceae, growing in Victoria, New Zealand and Tasmania.

<i>Cyathodes glauca</i> Species of tree

Cyathodes glauca, the purple cheeseberry, is a woody shrub or small tree common in Tasmania, Australia. It belongs to the 'heath' family, Ericaceae. 'Heath' refers to open, shrub-like communities which survive on well-drained and poor quality soils.

<i>Astelia alpina</i> Species of flowering plant

Astelia alpina called pineapple grass, silver astelia, or perching lily is a commonly found species in alpine and subalpine areas of Tasmania and the Australian Alps. It is a perennial herb that typically dominates its environment by growing in dense clusters, called mats, in alpine bogs. There are two subspecies: Astelia alpina var. novae hollandiae from New South Wales and Victoria and Astelia alpina var. alpina endemic to Tasmania. Both subspecies appear very similar to each other. The species was originally described by Robert Brown.

<i>Orites diversifolia</i> Species of flowering plant

Orites diversifolia (=diversifolius), commonly known as variable orites, is a member of the family Proteaceae and is endemic to Tasmania. The common name stems from the variable form of the leaves, which range from entire and linear to serrated and ovate. It is a common shrub in lowland rainforest, subalpine woodland and scrub.

<i>Poa gunnii</i> Species of grass

Poa gunnii is a Tasmanian endemic tussock grass considered one of the most abundant and common in alpine and subalpine environments from about 800 m to above 1400 m. However it can be found to near sea level in the south of the island state where a cooler climate is prevalent. The genus Poa belongs to the family Poaceae. Tasmania has 16 native and 6 introduced species of Poa.

<i>Anisotome procumbens</i> Species of flowering plant

Anisotome procumbens, the mountain celery, is a small, perennial herb endemic to the Australian State of Tasmania. It is primarily found in high-elevation habitats in the west and south-west of the island.

<i>Abrotanella forsteroides</i> Species of plant

Abrotanella forsteroides, commonly known as the Tasmanian cushion plant, is an endemic angiosperm of Tasmania, Australia. The plant is a dicot species of the daisy family Asteraceae and can be identified by its bright green and compact cushion like appearance. 

<i>Dracophyllum minimum</i> Species of plant

Dracophyllum minimum, commonly known as heath cushionplant or claspleaf heath, is a species of bolster cushion plant endemic to Tasmania, Australia. It is a low growing, highly compacted plant with white flowers, commonly found in alpine areas of the south, centre and west of Tasmania.

<i>Ozothamnus rodwayi</i> Plant species, Tasmanian

Ozothamnus rodwayi, commonly known as alpine everlastingbush, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae that is endemic to Tasmania, Australia. It is a widespread small, dense alpine shrub abundantly found in alpine and high subalpine heaths and woodlands.

Schizacme archeri is a common alpine cushion-forming plant species endemic to Tasmania, Australia. It grows mostly in the west of the state, south of Cradle Mountain and the Central Highlands. It was previously known as Mitrasacme archeri, but Schizame is now considered its own distinct genus.

<i>Anemone crassifolia</i> Page created to represent a species of plant, not formerly represented on Wikipedia

Anemone crassifolia, commonly known as mountain anemone, is a perennial herb in the family Ranunculaceae and is endemic to Tasmania, Australia. The species is common in high alpine moorlands of western and southern Tasmania at approximately 1000m. It is the only representative of the genus Anemone found in Australia.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Labillardière 1804, i p. 93.
  2. 1 2 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  3. ↑ Tropicos, Campynema Labill.
  4. ↑ George, A.S. (ed.) (1987). Flora of Australia 45: 1-521. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
  5. ↑ Vinnersten, A.; Bremer, K. (2001). "Age and Biogegraphy of Major Clades in Lilliales". American Journal of Botany. 88 (9): 1695–1703. doi: 10.2307/3558415 . JSTOR   3558415. PMID   21669704.
  6. ↑ Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment. "Species Campynema Lineare". Natural Values Atlas Tasmania. Retrieved 24 February 2018.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 Howells, Christine (2012). Tasmania's Natural Flora. Hobart, Tasmania: Australian Plants Society Tasmania Inc., Hobart Group. p. 391. ISBN   9780909830663.
  8. 1 2 Kubitzki, K. (1998). The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, III. Flowering Plants - Monocotyledons Lilianae (except Orchidaceae). Berlin: Springer. pp. 173–174. ISBN   9783662035337.
  9. ↑ Associate Professor Greg Jordan 2018, personal communication, 19 February.
  10. 1 2 Jordan, Gregory J.; Harrison, Peter A.; Worth, James R.P.; Williamson, G.J.; Kirkpatrick, J.B. (2016). "Palaeoendemic plants provide evidence for persistence of open, well-watered vegetation since the Cretaceous". Global Ecology and Biogeography. 25 (2): 12–140. doi:10.1111/geb.12389 – via Wiley Online Library.[ permanent dead link ]
  11. ↑ Janssen, T; Bremer, Kåre (2015). "The age of major monocot groups inferred from 800+ rbcL sequences". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 146 (4): 385–398. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8339.2004.00345.x .
  12. ↑ Jordan, Greg (2017). "Key to Tasmanian Vascular Plants". University of Tasmania. Retrieved 24 February 2018.
  13. ↑ Smith, Andrew (2009). "Family Index: Campynema lineare". Understorey Network. Retrieved 28 February 2018.
  14. 1 2 Tasmanian Parks and Wildlife Service (2014). Melaleuca - Southwest National Park - Site and Rehabilitation Plan. Hobart: Tasmanian Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment. p. 15. ISBN   9780992362829.
  15. 1 2 Slatyer, Rachel. "Climate change impacts on Australia's alpine ecosystems". Australian National University Press. Retrieved 28 February 2018.

Bibliography

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