Chronic poverty

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Chronic poverty is a phenomenon whereby an individual or group is in a state of poverty over extended period of time. While determining both the implicit poverty line and the duration needed to be considered long-term is debated, the identification of this kind of poverty is considered important because it may require different policies than those needed for addressing transient poverty. [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]

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The Brooks World Poverty Institute (BWPI) is a research centre at the University of Manchester dedicated to multidisciplinary research on poverty, inequality and growth. It was established in 2005 following the donation of £1.3 million to the university by the Rory and Elizabeth Brooks Foundation, one of the largest known gifts to fund poverty research in Europe. In September 2008, the Foundation awarded a further £1.4 million to the Brooks World Poverty Institute over three years and in June 2012, a further £1 million.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Poverty in the United States</span>

In the United States, poverty has both social and political implications. In 2020, there were 37.2 million people in poverty. Some of the many causes include income inequality, inflation, unemployment, debt traps and poor education. The majority of adults living in poverty are employed and have at least a high school education. Although the US is a relatively wealthy country by international standards, it has a persistently high poverty rate compared to other developed countries due in part to a less generous welfare system.

Steven Pressman is an American economist. He is a former Professor of Economics and Finance at Monmouth University in West Long Branch, New Jersey. He has taught at the University of New Hampshire and Trinity College in Hartford, Connecticut.

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Hulme Crescents was a large housing development in the Hulme district of Manchester, England. It was the largest public housing development in Europe, encompassing 3,284 deck-access homes and capacity for over 13,000 people, but was marred by serious construction and design errors. Demolition of the Crescents began in 1993, 21 years after it was constructed in 1972.

Poverty in Cyprus is not well documented, yet is still considered a major problem by the Cypriot government. Due to strong kinship bonds among extended families, poverty in Cyprus primarily affects those outside kinship networks, such as immigrants, divorcees and singles from small families. One study found a strong correlation between increased poverty and small family size. Poverty is also more likely to affect the elderly than the young, as a result of income to pensions raising the dependency levels.

Henry Rainsford Hulme was a British scientist who is considered one of the four major minds behind the successful British hydrogen bomb project. He was the father of author and convicted murderer Anne Perry.

References

  1. Moore, Karen and Hulme, David (2005) Chronic poverty, Entry in Encyclopedia of International Development, ed. Forsyth, Tim, Routledge. p75-76
  2. Hulme, D. and Shephard, A. (eds) (2003) Chronic Poverty and Development Policy, A Special Issue of World Development, Vol. 31 , 3.
  3. Yaqub, S. (2003) Chronic poverty: scrutinizing patterns, correlates, and explanations. Manchester: IPDM, University of Manchester.
  4. Gaiha, R. (1989) Are the chronically poor also the poorest in rural India. Development and Change Vol. 20 2, pp. 295–322.
  5. Foster, J. (2007) A Class of Chronic Poverty Measures, mimeo. Archived 2011-10-07 at the Wayback Machine (Accessed August 2011)
  6. Gibson, John (2001) Measuring chronic poverty without a panel, Journal of Development Economics Volume 65, Issue 2, August, Pages 243-266