David Matsumoto

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David Matsumoto (born August 2, 1959) is an author, psychologist and judoka. His areas of expertise include culture, emotion, facial expressions, nonverbal behavior and microexpressions. He has published over 400 articles, manuscripts, book chapters and books on these subjects. Matsumoto is a professor at San Francisco State University and also the director of Humintell [1] - a company that provides "unique training in the fields of facial expression of emotion, nonverbal behavior, detecting deception and cultural adaptation." In addition, he is an 8th degree black belt in judo and the founder and program advisor of the East Bay Judo Institute in El Cerrito, California. [2] He was most recently inducted into the 2021 United States Judo Federation (USJF) Hall of Fame which acknowledges outstanding judoka who have made significant contributions to the sport of judo.

Contents

Academics

Matsumoto was born and raised in Honolulu, Hawaii. He received his B.A. from the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor in 1981 with high honors in psychology and Japanese. Matsumoto proceeded to obtain his master's degree and doctorate degrees in psychology from the University of California at Berkeley in 1983 and 1986, respectively.

Since 1989, Matsumoto has been a professor of psychology at San Francisco State University, where he received a distinguished faculty award in 2009. [3]

He is also the founder and director of the Culture and Emotion Research Laboratory (CERL) at San Francisco State.

In January 2009, Matsumoto received a $1.9 million Minerva Award research grant from the US Department of Defense to examine the role of emotions in ideologically based groups. [4]

Most recently in 2018 Matsumoto was San Francisco State University's nominee for the Jefferson Award for Public Service. This award recognizes people who make a difference on a daily basis in their local communities without expectation of reward.

Psychology

Matsumoto has collaborated with many other psychologists, including Dr. Paul Ekman and Dr. Mark Frank, both acclaimed psychologists in the study of facial expressions and emotions.

In addition to conducting extensive research, Matsumoto, Ekman and Frank created the Microexpression Training Tool (METT1), the first training tool developed to improve one's ability to read microexpressions. [5] Ekman and Matsumoto then proceeded to create a proceeding version of the training tool, METT2. [6]

Both Matsumoto [7] and Ekman [8] now have their own versions of the microexpression training tool, which is available on their websites.

In 2009, Matsumoto and Bob Willingham conducted a study examining spontaneous facial expressions in blind judo athletes. They discovered that many facial expressions are innate and not visually learned. [9]

Matsumoto says that "Spontaneously produced facial expressions of emotion of both congenitally and non-congenitally blind individuals are the same as for sighted individuals in the same emotionally evocative situations. We also see that blind athletes manage their expressions in social situations the same way sighted athletes do." [10]

Their study received much publicity and critical acclaim, including coverage in Time magazine and on CNN. [11]

Judo

Matsumoto is the founder and program director of the East Bay Judo Institute located in El Cerrito, California. In addition, he has served as an official researcher for the International Judo Federation as well as past director of development for USA Judo. He holds Class A Coaching and Referee licenses.

Matsumoto has won countless awards, including the US Olympic Committee’s Coach of the Year Award for Judo in 2003. In addition to holding various positions within the United States Judo Federation and USA Judo, Matsumoto served as the head coach of the 1996 Atlanta Olympic judo team and was the team leader for the 2000 Sydney Olympic judo team.

His students have distinguished themselves by obtaining medals in national and international competition over 200 times in the past 20 years, including a silver medal at the 2000 World Junior Judo Championships by his daughter, 2008 Olympian, Sayaka Matsumoto.

Books

Matsumoto is the author of numerous books, including:

See also

Related Research Articles

A facial expression is one or more motions or positions of the muscles beneath the skin of the face. According to one set of controversial theories, these movements convey the emotional state of an individual to observers. Facial expressions are a form of nonverbal communication. They are a primary means of conveying social information between humans, but they also occur in most other mammals and some other animal species.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Paul Ekman</span> American psychologist (born 1934)

Paul Ekman is an American psychologist and professor emeritus at the University of California, San Francisco who is a pioneer in the study of emotions and their relation to facial expressions. He was ranked 59th out of the 100 most cited psychologists of the twentieth century. Ekman conducted seminal research on the specific biological correlations of specific emotions, attempting to demonstrate the universality and discreteness of emotions in a Darwinian approach.

A microexpression is a facial expression that only lasts for a short moment. It is the innate result of a voluntary and an involuntary emotional response occurring simultaneously and conflicting with one another, and occurs when the amygdala responds appropriately to the stimuli that the individual experiences and the individual wishes to conceal this specific emotion. This results in the individual very briefly displaying their true emotions followed by a false emotional reaction.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nonverbal communication</span> Interpersonal communication through wordless (mostly visual) cues

Nonverbal communication (NVC) is the transmission of messages or signals through a nonverbal platform such as eye contact, facial expressions, gestures, posture, use of objects and body language. It includes the use of social cues, kinesics, distance (proxemics) and physical environments/appearance, of voice (paralanguage) and of touch (haptics). A signal has three different parts to it, including the basic signal, what the signal is trying to convey, and how it is interpreted. These signals that are transmitted to the receiver depend highly on the knowledge and empathy that this individual has. It can also include the use of time (chronemics) and eye contact and the actions of looking while talking and listening, frequency of glances, patterns of fixation, pupil dilation, and blink rate (oculesics).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amusement</span> Positive emotion related to humor

Amusement is the state of experiencing humorous and entertaining events or situations while the person or animal actively maintains the experience, and is associated with enjoyment, happiness, laughter and pleasure. It is an emotion with positive valence and high physiological arousal.

Kinesics is the interpretation of body motion communication such as facial expressions and gestures, nonverbal behavior related to movement of any part of the body or the body as a whole. The equivalent popular culture term is body language, a term Ray Birdwhistell, considered the founder of this area of study, neither used nor liked.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Facial Action Coding System</span> System of classifying human facial movements

The Facial Action Coding System (FACS) is a system to taxonomize human facial movements by their appearance on the face, based on a system originally developed by a Swedish anatomist named Carl-Herman Hjortsjö. It was later adopted by Paul Ekman and Wallace V. Friesen, and published in 1978. Ekman, Friesen, and Joseph C. Hager published a significant update to FACS in 2002. Movements of individual facial muscles are encoded by the FACS from slight different instant changes in facial appearance. It is a common standard to systematically categorize the physical expression of emotions, and it has proven useful to psychologists and to animators. Due to subjectivity and time consumption issues, the FACS has been established as a computed automated system that detects faces in videos, extracts the geometrical features of the faces, and then produces temporal profiles of each facial movement.

An emotional expression is a behavior that communicates an emotional state or attitude. It can be verbal or nonverbal, and can occur with or without self-awareness. Emotional expressions include facial movements like smiling or scowling, simple behaviors like crying, laughing, or saying "thank you," and more complex behaviors like writing a letter or giving a gift. Individuals have some conscious control of their emotional expressions; however, they need not have conscious awareness of their emotional or affective state in order to express emotion.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Oculesics</span>

Oculesics, a subcategory of kinesics, is the study of eye movement, behavior, gaze, and eye-related nonverbal communication. The specific definition varies depending on whether it applies to the fields of medicine or social science.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Frown</span> Facial expression

A frown is a facial expression in which the eyebrows are brought together, and the forehead is wrinkled, usually indicating displeasure, sadness or worry, or less often confusion or concentration. The appearance of a frown varies by culture. An alternative usage in North America is thought of as an expression of the mouth. In those cases when used iconically, as with an emoticon, it is entirely presented by the curve of the lips forming a down-open curve. The mouth expression is also commonly referred to in the colloquial English phrase, especially in the United States, to "turn that frown upside down" which indicates changing from sad to happy.

According to some theories, emotions are universal phenomena, albeit affected by culture. Emotions are "internal phenomena that can, but do not always, make themselves observable through expression and behavior". While some emotions are universal and are experienced in similar ways as a reaction to similar events across all cultures, other emotions show considerable cultural differences in their antecedent events, the way they are experienced, the reactions they provoke and the way they are perceived by the surrounding society. According to other theories, termed social constructionist, emotions are more deeply culturally influenced. The components of emotions are universal, but the patterns are social constructions. Some also theorize that culture is affected by emotions of the people.

Discrete emotion theory is the claim that there is a small number of core emotions. For example, Silvan Tomkins concluded that there are nine basic affects which correspond with what we come to know as emotions: interest, enjoyment, surprise, distress, fear, anger, shame, dissmell and disgust. More recently, Carroll Izard at the University of Delaware factor analytically delineated 12 discrete emotions labeled: Interest, Joy, Surprise, Sadness, Anger, Disgust, Contempt, Self-Hostility, Fear, Shame, Shyness, and Guilt.

Display rules are a social group or culture's informal norms that distinguish how one should express themselves. They can be described as culturally prescribed rules that people learn early on in their lives by interactions and socializations with other people. They learn these cultural standards at a young age which determine when one would express certain emotions, where and to what extent.

Armindo Freitas-Magalhães is a Portuguese psychologist working on the psychology of the human smile in the context of emotion and facial expression. His research and clinical-forensic expertise includes investigative interviewing, credibility assessment, forensic assessment, facial expression of emotion and variables associated with eyewitness memory in victims and offenders of crime and trauma. He has also provided consultation and training overseas.

Subtle expressions occur when a person's emotional response to a situation, to another person or to the environment around them is of low intensity. They also occur when a person is just starting to feel an emotion.

Non-verbal leakage is a form of non-verbal behavior that occurs when a person verbalizes one thing, but their body language indicates another, common forms of which include facial movements and hand-to-face gestures. The term "non-verbal leakage" got its origin in literature in 1968, leading to many subsequent studies on the topic throughout the 1970s, with related studies continuing today.

Body-to-body communication is a way of communicating with others through the use of nonverbal communication, without using speech or verbalization. It can include body language, facial expressions, and other bodily gestures in order to communicate with others without the need of verbal communication. Body-to-body communication accounts for postures, body language, physical touch, nonverbal language, and other bodily gestures.

The Silent Talker Lie Detector is an attempt to increase the accuracy of the most common lie detector, the polygraph, which does not directly measure whether the subject is truthful, but records physiological measures that are associated with emotional responses. The Silent Talker gives the evaluator access to viewing microexpressions by adding a camera to the process. The creators claim that microexpressions are actual indicators of lying, while many other things could cause an emotional response. Since microexpressions are fleeting, the camera allows the examiner to capture data that otherwise would have been missed. However, the scientific community is not convinced that this system accomplishes what it claims and some call it pseudoscience.

Mark G. Frank is a communication professor and department chair, and an internationally recognized expert on human nonverbal communication, emotion, and deception. Dr. Frank conducts research and does training on micro expressions of emotion and of the face. His research studies include other nonverbal indicators of deception throughout the rest of the body. He is the Director of the Communication Science Center research laboratory that is located on the North Campus of the University at Buffalo. Under his guidance, a team of graduate researchers conduct experiments and studies for private and government entities. Frank uses his expertise in communication and psychology to assist law enforcement agencies in monitoring both verbal and nonverbal communication.

Facial coding is the process of measuring human emotions through facial expressions. Emotions can be detected by computer algorithms for automatic emotion recognition that record facial expressions via webcam. This can be applied to better understanding of people’s reactions to visual stimuli.

References

  1. ↑ "Humintell Website" Viewed on July 10, 2009.
  2. ↑ "EBJI Instructors" Archived 2009-08-10 at the Wayback Machine Viewed on July 10, 2009.
  3. ↑ "SFSU Campus Memo-Academic Senate", Vol. 56, Num 36. May 18, 2009.
  4. ↑ Ninle, Elaine. "Matsumoto Study Attracts Pentagon Support", January 22, 2009. Viewed on July 10, 2009.
  5. ↑ Ekman, P., Matsumoto, D., & Frank, M. G. (2001). The Micro-Expression Training Tool, v. 1. (METT1). [CD Rom]. Available at humintell.com
  6. ↑ Ekman, P., & Matsumoto, D. (2007). The Micro-Expression Training Tool, v. 2. (METT2). Available at humintell.com
  7. ↑ "humintell.com". humintell.com. Retrieved 2014-03-07.
  8. ↑ "paulekman.com". paulekman.com. Retrieved 2014-03-07.
  9. ↑ Matsumoto, D., & Willingham, B. (2009). "Spontaneous facial expressions of emotion of blind individuals". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 96(1), 1-10
  10. ↑ Hamilton, Audrey (December 29, 2008). "Certain Facial Expressions Innate, Not Visually Learned". American Psychological Association. Retrieved July 10, 2009.
  11. ↑ Cloud, John "How to Lift Your Mood-Try Smiling". Time . January 16, 2009. Viewed July 10, 2009.
  12. ↑ "SAGE: Nonverbal Communication: Science and Applications: David Matsumoto: 9781412999304". Sagepub.com. Retrieved 2014-03-07.
  13. ↑ "NameBright - Coming Soon".
  14. ↑ Matsumoto, David; Juang, Linda (30 April 2007). Culture and Psychology: David Matsumoto, Linda Juang: 9780495097877: Amazon.com: Books. ISBN   978-0495097877.
  15. ↑ Brousse, Michel; Matsumoto, David Ricky (2005). Judo in the U.S.: A Century of Dedication: Michel Brousse, David Matsumoto: 9781556435638: Amazon.com: Books. ISBN   1556435630.
  16. ↑ David Matsumoto (Author) (2007-03-01). New Japan: Debunking Seven Cultural Stereotypes: David Matsumoto: 9781877864933: Amazon.com: Books. ISBN   978-1877864933.{{cite book}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  17. ↑ "The Handbook of Culture and Psychology eBook: David Matsumoto: Kindle Store". Amazon. Retrieved 2014-03-07.
  18. ↑ http://www.twenga.co.uk/book/judo-a-sport-and_3999093.html%5B%5D
  19. ↑ Matsumoto, David Ricky (1996-09-24). Culture and Modern Life: David Matsumoto: 9780534496883: Amazon.com: Books. ISBN   0534496881.
  20. ↑ マツモト・デ-ヴィッド (2014-02-12). An Introduction to Kodokan Judo: History and Philosophy: 9784894390423: Amazon.com: Books. ISBN   978-4894390423.
  21. ↑ Matsumoto, David Ricky (1996-11-01). UNMASKING JAPAN: Myths and Realities About the Emotions of the Japanese: David Matsumoto: 9780804727198: Amazon.com: Books. ISBN   0804727198.
  22. ↑ David Matsumoto (Author) (1994-01-01). Cultural Influences on Research Methods and Statistics: David Matsumoto: 9780534237660: Amazon.com: Books . Retrieved 2014-03-07.{{cite book}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  23. ↑ Matsumoto, David Ricky (2000). People: Psychology from a Cultural Perspective: David Matsumoto: 9781577661139: Amazon.com: Books. ISBN   1577661133.
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