Demographics of Macau

Last updated

Demographics of Macau
Macau single age population pyramid 2020.png
Population pyramid of Macau in 2020
Population635,293 (2022 est.)
Growth rate0.75% (2022 est.)
Birth rate5.5 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Death rate4.4 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Life expectancy84.98 years
  male82.09 years
  female88.02 years
Fertility rate0.58 children born/woman (2023 est.)
Infant mortality rate4.59 deaths/1,000 live births
Net migration rate3.15 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Age structure
0–14 years14.41%
15–64 years70.73%
65 and over14.86%
Sex ratio
Total0.9 male(s)/female (2022 est.)
At birth1.05 male(s)/female
Under 151.05 male(s)/female
65 and over0.74 male(s)/female
Nationality
NationalityChinese
Major ethnicHan Chinese (88.7%)
Language
SpokenCantonese (80.1%)
Street scene in Macau Streetscene Macau.jpg
Street scene in Macau

Demographic features of the population of Macau include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

Contents

Macau's population is 95% Chinese, primarily Cantonese and some Hakka, both from nearby Guangdong Province. The majority of the remainder are of Portuguese or mixed Chinese-Portuguese ancestry. Some Japanese, including descendants of Japanese Catholics who were expelled by shōguns, also live in Macau.

The official languages are Portuguese and Cantonese Chinese. The residents commonly (85.7%) speak Cantonese, Mandarin is spoken by 3.2% at home, about 40% are able to communicate in standard Mandarin. English and Portuguese are spoken as a first language by 1.5% and 0.6% respectively, while English is widely taught as a second language. The other popular topolect is Hokkien (Min Nan), spoken by a small percentage of the population. The creole Macanese language (Patuá or Macaista Chapado) is almost extinct.

Vital statistics

The following are data on vital statistics. [1] [2]

Average populationLive birthsDeathsNatural changeCrude birth rate (per 1000)Crude death rate (per 1000)Natural change (per 1000)TFR
1970248,6002,6761,5161,16011.65.56.02.167
1971246,2002,6371,5431,09410.95.55.41.979
1972243,9002,7501,5391,21110.35.44.91.818
1973241,7002,6861,4101,27610.05.44.61.679
1974239,4002,7811,5791,2029.75.44.31.562
1975237,0002,5831,3981,1859.75.44.31.478
1976234,2002,3691,51785210.25.44.71.437
1977231,7002,5321,4241,10811.05.55.61.445
1978233,1002,4071,3601,04712.45.56.91.499
1979237,3003,0191,5041,51514.15.68.51.591
1980242,0003,7841,5552,22916.05.610.41.709
1981247,6004,2071,4652,74218.05.612.41.835
1982261,7005,2621,4886,75019.85.614.21.953
1983276,9006,1681,5144,65421.35.615.82.046
1984288,8006,6661,4885,17822.45.516.92.104
1985290,6007,5601,4666,09422.95.317.62.121
1986301,5007,4771,3246,15322.95.217.72.094
1987312,2007,5651,3216,24422.45.017.32.031
1988319,8007,9131,4376,47621.54.916.61.944
1989330,4007,5681,5166,05220.34.715.61.838
1990339,5006,8721,4825,39019.04.514.51.722
1991363,8006,8321,3355,49717.64.413.21.605
1992378,0006,6761,4325,24416.24.312.01.494
1993390,0006,2671,5314,73614.94.210.81.394
1994403,6006,1151,3304,78513.84.19.71.308
1995415,0005,8761,3514,52512.84.08.81.236
1996415,2005,4681,4134,05512.04.08.01.174
1997419,4005,0311,2933,73811.13.97.21.116
1998425,2004,4341,3563,07810.33.96.41.059
1999429,6004,1481,3742,7749.63.95.71.002
2000431,5003,8491,3382,5118.83.95.00.95
2001436,3003,2411,3271,9148.23.84.40.818
2002440,5003,1621,4151,7477.73.83.90.813
2003446,7003,2121,4741,7387.53.83.70.837
2004462,6003,3081,5331,7757.43.83.60.855
2005484,3003,6711,6152,0567.53.83.70.912
2006509,9004,0581,5662,4927.83.84.00.954
2007531,8004,5371,5452,9928.23.74.51.008
2008543,1004,7171,7562,9618.73.75.00.979
2009533,3004,7641,6443,1209.33.75.61.004
2010540,6005,1141,7743,3409.93.76.21.070
2011557,4005,8521,8454,00710.43.76.81.150
2012582,0007,3151,8415,47410.93.77.31.357
2013607,5006,5711,9204,65111.43.77.71.150
2014636,2007,3601,9395,42111.73.78.01.224
2015646,8007,0552,0025,05312.03.88.21.142
2016644,9007,1462,2384,90812.13.88.31.138
2017653,1006,5292,1204,40910.03.26.81.021
2018667,4005,9252,0693,8569.03.15.90.915
2019679,6005,9792,2823,6978.93.45.50.899
2020683,1005,5452,2303,3158.13.34.80.841
2021683,2005,0262,3202,7067.43.44.00.756
2022672,8004,3443,0041,3406.54.52.00.680
2023683,7003,7122,9817315.54.41.10.586

Current vital statistics

[3]

PeriodLive birthsDeathsNatural increase
January - March 20239871,214-227
January - March 2024856631+225
DifferenceDecrease2.svg -131 (-13.27%)Decrease Positive.svg -583 (-48%)Increase2.svg +452

Structure of the population

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2020): [4]

Age GroupMaleFemaleTotal%
Total326 700358 700685 400100
0–416 70015 30032 0004.67
5–918 00016 20034 2004.99
10–1412 90011 50024 4003.56
15–1912 70012 30025 0003.65
20–2422 10022 10044 2006.45
25–2925 80024 80050 6007.38
30–3435 90039 00074 90010.93
35–3930 90035 10066 0009.63
40–4423 50027 30050 8007.41
45–4922 30028 80051 1007.46
50–5419 60028 20047 8006.97
55–5923 80030 30054 1007.89
60–6422 80023 90046 7006.81
65-6916 50017 20033 7004.92
70-7411 50011 10022 6003.30
75-795 5005 30010 8001.58
80-843 3004 3007 6001.11
85+2 9006 0008 9001.30
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–1447 60043 00090 60013.22
15–64239 400271 800511 20074.58
65+39 70043 90083 60012.20

Life expectancy at birth

Macao is the territory with the world's second highest life expectancy behind Hong Kong.

PeriodLife expectancy in

Years

PeriodLife expectancy in

Years

1950–195561.01985–199076.6
1955–196063.61990–199578.1
1960–196566.01995–200079.8
1965–197068.12000–200581.0
1970–197570.72005–201082.1
1975–198073.12010–201583.3
1980–198574.8

Source: UN World Population Prospects [5]

Ethnic groups

The following are information on ethnicity and nationalities based on data from the Statistics and Census Service. [6]

Place of birth

Immigration is an essential component of the population. Results of the 2011 Population Census indicated that 326,376 (59.1% of the total population) were born outside Macau, an increase of 3.0 percentage points over the last ten years. Analysed by place of birth, 255,186 (46.2%) were born in Mainland China, down by 1.2 percentage points from 2001. 226,127 (40.9%) were born in Macau, 19,355 (3.5%) in Hong Kong and 1,835 (0.3%) in Portugal. There were more persons born in other countries or territories as the number of non-resident workers increased. Among them, 14,544 were born in the Philippines, 7,199 in Vietnam and 6,269 in Indonesia, altogether taking up 5.1% of the total population. 1,942 were born in Europe other than Portugal, 2,252 in Americas, 959 in Africa and 672 in Oceania. Analysed by age group, 85.2% of the youth population (aged 0–14) were born in Macau, and 62.9% of those aged 35 and above were born in Mainland China.

As of 2011 35,578 people in Macau were originally from Fujian province in Mainland China, making up about 25% of the Mainland China-born people. The number of Fujianese in Macau increased after the 1999 handover. [7]

Nationality

Analysed by nationality, 509,788 (92.3% of the total population) were of Chinese nationality, down by 2.9 percentage points from the 2001 Census; meanwhile, only 0.9% was of Portuguese nationality, a decrease of 1.1 percentage points. These figures can be misleading, because more than a 100,000 people in Macau are holders of a Portuguese passport, making them in effect Portuguese citizens. Over the last ten years, diversity of the various components of the population is enhanced as economic development has drawn people to invest, work or study in Macau; consequently, 37,695 (6.8%) were of other nationalities, up by 4.0 percentage points, with 2.7% being Filipinos. Macau is a Chinese community and those of Chinese ethnicity totaled 510,383, an increase of 94,030 over the past ten years; however, its proportion to the total population decreased by 3.3 percentage points to 92.4%. Those of wholly or partly Portuguese ethnicity totaled 8,106, up slightly by 333 compared with 2001; its proportion to the total decreased by 0.3 percentage point to 1.5%.

Population of Macau according to ethnic group 1991–2011
Ethnic
group
1991 census2001 census2011 census
Number %Number %Number %
Chinese338,19195.1416,35395.7510,38392.4
Chinese & Portuguese4,4771.34,2541.04,0190.7
Portuguese4,2211.22,8100.63,4850.6
Chinese & non-Portuguese1,7710.41,6010.3
Others7,8042.210,0472.333,0156.0
Portuguese & others7090.26020.1
Total355,693435,235552,503

CIA World Factbook demographic statistics

Residents' usual
language spoken at home [8]
LanguagePercentage of
population
Cantonese 85.7%
Mandarin 3.2%
Other
Chinese dialects
6.7%
Portuguese 0.6%
English 1.5%
Others2.3%

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.

Ethnic group

Chinese 92.4%, other 7.6% (includes Macanese – mixed Portuguese and Asian ancestry) (2011 census)

Population

624,000 [9] (2014 Qtr2 est.)

Male and female pattern

Male: 307,200 [9] (2014 Qtr2 est.)
Female: 316,800 [9] (2014 Qtr2 est.)

Age structure

Infant mortality rate

4.35 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Total fertility rate

0.58 children born/woman (2023 est.) The lowest fertility rate in the world alongside Hong Kong.

Nationality

noun: Macau
adjective: Macanese

Religions

Religion in Macau [11]
Religion %
Shenism
30%
Buddhism, Taoism
10%
Christianity
5%
No affiliation
50%
Others
10%
30% Shenism, 10% Buddhism or Taoism, 5% Christianity, 50% not declaring religious affiliation, 10% others (2009). [11] Another survey conducted between 2005, 2007 and 2009 has found that 30% of the population follows folk faiths, 10% are adherents of Buddhism or Taoism, 5% are Christians, and the remaining part do not declare religious adherence. [12]

Languages

Portuguese and Chinese, seen on this street sign, are official languages in Macau CalcadaSaoPaulomacau.jpg
Portuguese and Chinese, seen on this street sign, are official languages in Macau
Portuguese and Chinese are official languages. The Chinese standard (Cantonese or Mandarin) is not specified in the law.

Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 94.5%
male: 97.2%
female: 92% (2003 est.)

Immigration and crime

Persons authorized to reside in Macau: total: 50,159 (by the end of 2005)
Non-resident workers authorized to enter Macau: total: 39,411 (by the end of 2005)
Legal immigrants from Mainland China: 1,133 (Qtr1 2006) 947 (Qtr2 2006)
No. of criminal cases: 2,634 (Qtr1 2006) 2,708 (Qtr2 2006)

Health

No. of residents per doctor (excluding dentists): 473
No. of residents per nurse: 430
No. of residents per hospital bed: 496

Main causes of death

Diseases of the circulatory system: 518 cases, 32.1%
Neoplasm: 455 cases, 28.2%
Diseases of the respiratory system: 267, cases 16.5%

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Demographics of Guinea-Bissau</span>

This is a demography of the population of Guinea-Bissau including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Demographics of Hong Kong</span>

Demographic features of the population of Hong Kong include population density, ethnicity, education level, the health of the populace, religious affiliations, and other aspects.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Macau</span> Special administrative region of China

Macau or Macao is a special administrative region of the People's Republic of China. With a population of about 680,000 and an area of 32.9 km2 (12.7 sq mi), it is the most densely populated region in the world.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Economy of Macau</span>

The economy of Macau has remained one of the most open in the world since its handover to China in 1999. Apparel exports and gambling-related tourism are mainstays of the economy. Since Macau has little arable land and few natural resources, it depends on mainland China for most of its food, fresh water, and energy imports. Japan and Hong Kong are the main suppliers of raw materials and capital goods. Although Macau was hit hard by the 1997–98 Asian financial crisis and the early 2000s recession, its economy grew approximately 13.1% annually on average between 2001 and 2006. Macau is a full Member of the World Trade Organization. Public security has greatly improved after handover to the People's Republic of China. With the tax revenue from the profitable gambling industry, the Macau government is able to introduce the social welfare program of 15 years of free education to all Macau citizens. In 2015, Macau's economy saw a sharp decrease due to the reduced spending by visitors from Mainland China since the Anti-corruption campaign under Xi Jinping.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Demographics of China</span> Aspect of human geography in China

China is the second most populous country in Asia as well as the second most populous country in the world, with a population of 1.409 billion.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Special administrative regions of China</span> Province-level autonomous subdivisions of the Peoples Republic of China

The special administrative regions (SAR) of the People's Republic of China are one of four types of province-level divisions of the People's Republic of China directly under the control of its Central People's Government, being integral areas of the country. As a region, they possess the highest degree of autonomy from China's central government. However, despite the relative autonomy that the Central People's Government offers the special administrative regions, the National People's Congress and its Standing Committee remains capable of enforcing laws for the special administrative regions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Languages of China</span>

There are several hundred languages in China. The predominant language is Standard Chinese, which is based on Beijingese, but there are hundreds of related Chinese languages, collectively known as Hanyu, that are spoken by 92% of the population. The Chinese languages are typically divided into seven major language groups, and their study is a distinct academic discipline. They differ as much from each other morphologically and phonetically as do English, German and Danish, but meanwhile share the same writing system (Hanzi) and are mutually intelligible in written form. There are in addition approximately 300 minority languages spoken by the remaining 8% of the population of China. The ones with greatest state support are Mongolian, Tibetan, Uyghur and Zhuang.

The Macanese people are a multiracial East Asian ethnic group that originated in Macau in the 16th century, consisting of people of predominantly mixed Cantonese and Portuguese as well as Malay, Japanese, English, Dutch, Sinhalese, and Indian ancestry.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Culture of Macau</span> Overview of the culture of Macau

Macau is an autonomous territory within China. A Portuguese colony until 1999, Macau has a diverse culture firmly rooted in Cantonese culture, with a mix of influences from East Asia and Western Europe. Macau is known for being the largest gambling center in the world.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tourism in Macau</span> Notable features of Macaus tourism industry

Tourism is a major industry in Macau. It is famous for the blend of Portuguese and Chinese cultures and its gambling industry, which includes Casino Lisboa, Macau, Sands Macau, The Venetian Macao, and Wynn Macau.

The Han Chinese people can be defined into subgroups based on linguistic, cultural, ethnic, genetic, and regional features. The terminology used in Mandarin to describe the groups is: "minxi", used in mainland China or "zuqun", used in Taiwan. No Han subgroup is recognized as one of People's Republic of China's 56 official ethnic groups, in Taiwan only three subgroups, Hoklo, Hakka and Waishengren are recognized.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chinese nationality law</span> History and regulations of Chinese citizenship

Chinese nationality law details the conditions by which a person holds nationality of the People's Republic of China (PRC). The primary law governing these requirements is the Nationality Law of the People's Republic of China, which came into force on September 10, 1980.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Macao Special Administrative Region passport</span> Passport issued to permanent residents of Macau SAR who are Chinese citizens

The Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of Chinapassport is a passport issued to Chinese citizens who are permanent residents of the Chinese Special Administrative Region of Macau.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Religion in Macau</span> Overview of the religion share in Macau

Religion in Macau is represented predominantly by Buddhism and Chinese folk religions. During the period in which the city was under Portuguese rule (1557–1999) the Catholic Church became one of the dominant faiths, but nowadays it has greatly declined.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Handover of Macau</span> 1999 handover of Macau from Portugal to China

The handover of Macau from the Portuguese Republic to the People's Republic of China was at midnight on 20 December 1999. This event ended 442 years of Portuguese rule in the former settlement, which began in 1557.

Articles related to Macau include:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Outline of Macau</span> Overview of and topical guide to Macau

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Macau:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Visa policy of Macau</span> Policy on permits required to enter Macau

The Government of the Macau Special Administrative Region allows citizens of specific countries/territories to travel to Macau for tourism or business purposes for periods ranging from 14 to 180 days without having to obtain a visa. For other entry purposes, such as establishing residence on a long-term basis, a different policy applies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Portuguese Macau</span> Portuguese colony (1557–1999)

Macau was a Portuguese colony from the establishment of the first official Portuguese settlement of Macau in 1557 to its handover to China in 1999. It comprised the Municipality of Macau and the Municipality of Ilhas. Macau was both the first and last European holding in China.

Macau people are people who originate from or live in Macau.

References

  1. "Demographic Yearbooks". United Nations.
  2. "Dsec - 人口". Statistics and Census Service.
  3. "Demographic Statistics".
  4. "Demographic Yearbook 2021 - Table 7". United Nations Statistics Division. Retrieved 2022-12-11.
  5. "World Population Prospects – Population Division". United Nations. Retrieved 2017-07-15.
  6. Statistics and Census Service (2012). Results of 2011 Population Census (Report). Macau: Statistics and Census Service (DSEC).
  7. "Macau: The rise and fall of an empire?". South China Morning Post . November 12, 2015. Archived from the original on July 7, 2016. Retrieved August 15, 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) ()
  8. Statistics and Census Service (2007). 2006 中期人口統計總體結果/Resultados Globais dos Intercensos 2006/Global Results of By-census 2006 (Report) (in Chinese, Portuguese, and English). Macau: Statistics and Census Service (DSEC).
  9. 1 2 3 "Demographic Statistics for the 2nd Quarter 2014". Statistics and Census Service. 11 August 2014.
  10. "Macau". 15 June 2023.
  11. 1 2 Zhidong Hao, 2011. pp. 121–122.
  12. Zheng, VWT; Wan, PS. Religious beliefs and life experiences of Macao's residents 澳門居民的宗教信仰與生活經驗. On: Modern China Studies by Center for Modern China, 2010, v. 17 n. 4, p. 91-126. ISSN   2160-0295. «Drawing on empirical data obtained from three consecutive territory-wide household surveys conducted in 2005, 2007, and 2009 respectively, this paper attempts to shed light on the current religious profile of Macao residents.»