The European Christian Political Movement (ECPM) is a European political party exclusively working on promoting Christian values. The party unites national parties and individuals from across Europe who share policies influenced by Christianity,largely following the ideals of Christian democracy. The member parties are generally socially conservative and Eurosceptic.
The European Conservatives and Reformists (ECR) is a soft Eurosceptic,anti-federalist political group of the European Parliament. The ECR is the parliamentary group of the European Conservatives and Reformists Party European political party (formerly known as the Alliance of Conservatives and Reformists in Europe or Alliance of European Conservatives and Reformists,but also includes MEPs from four other European parties and thirteen MEPs without European party affiliation.
Hendrik Albertus "Henk" Korthals was a Dutch politician of the defunct Liberal State Party (LSP) later the Freedom Party (PvdV) and later co-founder of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) and journalist.
The European Conservatives and Reformists Party,formerly known as Alliance of European Conservatives and Reformists (AECR) (2009–2016) and Alliance of Conservatives and Reformists in Europe (ACRE) (2016–2019),is a conservative,soft Eurosceptic European political party with a main focus on reforming the European Union (EU) on the basis of Eurorealism,as opposed to total rejection of the EU (anti-EU-ism).
M.J.R.L. "Marcel" de Graaff is a Dutch politician. He has been a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for the Netherlands since February 2020,and previously served between 2014 and 2019. He represented the Party for Freedom (PVV) and was co-president of the Europe of Nations and Freedom. De Graaff was a member of the Senate of the Netherlands for the PVV from 2011 to 2014.
Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy was a Eurosceptic and populist political group in the European Parliament. The EFDD group was a continuation for the Eighth European Parliament of the Europe of Freedom and Democracy (EFD) group that existed during the Seventh European Parliament,with significant changes to group membership.
Forum for Democracy is a far-right political party in the Netherlands,founded as a think tank by Thierry Baudet and Henk Otten in 2016. The party first participated in elections in the 2017 general election,winning two seats in the House of Representatives.
An election of the Members of the European Parliament from the Netherlands was held on 23 May 2019. It is the ninth time the elections have been held for the European elections in the Netherlands. The number of Dutch seats was to increase from 26 to 29 following Brexit,but due to the extension of the Article 50 process in the United Kingdom,the number of seats to be elected will remain at 26.
Identity and Democracy is a right-wing to far-right political group of the European Parliament,launched on 13 June 2019 for the Ninth European Parliament term. It is composed of nationalist,right-wing populist and eurosceptic national parties from ten European states. It is the successor to the Europe of Nations and Freedom group formed during the eighth term.
The Otten Group is a political party in the Netherlands. It was formed following an internal conflict between Henk Otten,former treasurer and board member of Forum for Democracy (FvD),and its leader Thierry Baudet. The party currently has two seats in the Senate.
Robert "Rob" Roos is a Dutch politician and a current independent Member of the European Parliament (MEP). He was a member of the JA21 political party from 2020-2023,after leaving the Forum for Democracy (FvD) in 2020.
The Party for the Future was a short-lived political party in the Netherlands that had been active in the House of Representatives as the Krol/Van Kooten-Arissen Group. Founded in May 2020,it had intended to participate in the 2021 general election,but was dissolved in October 2020 due to internal disagreements.
Robert Jan P. Baljeu is a Dutch politician,who served as a temporary member of the Senate and as a member of the States of North Holland between 2019 and 2023. After he was expelled from the right-wing populist party Forum for Democracy (FvD) shortly after his election,he became a member of the splinter party Group Otten.
JA21 is a political party in the Netherlands,active in the House of Representatives and Senate. It was founded on 18 December 2020 by Joost Eerdmans and Annabel Nanninga after they left the Forum for Democracy (FVD) on 26 November 2020. The party,affiliated with conservative liberalism,first participated in elections in the 15–17 March 2021 general election.
Olaf RenéEphraim is a Dutch investment banker and politician. He worked for the banks MeesPierson and Fortis before joining the conservative and right-wing populist party Forum for Democracy (FvD). Ephraim served as the party's treasurer and was elected to the House of Representatives in the 2021 general election. He left Forum for Democracy in May 2021 and joined Wybren van Haga's new political party Belang van Nederland (BVNL). He left its parliamentary caucus ahead of the 2023 general election,continuing as an independent politician,but he retained his membership of BVNL.
Belang van Nederland is a political party in the Netherlands,led by Wybren van Haga. Between 2021 and 2023,it was active in the House of Representatives as the independent Van Haga Group. Its three MPs split from Forum for Democracy in August 2021.
The European Alliance for Freedom and Democracy was a European political party founded in summer 2020 by the non-attached MEPs Mislav Kolakušićand Dorien Rookmaker.
Michiel P. Hoogeveen is a Dutch politician of the right-wing conservative JA21 party. He started his career in the financial sector and as a freelance North Korea researcher. He became a member of Forum for Democracy (FVD) in 2016 and was elected to the States of South Holland three years later. He left the party in 2020 and subsequently joined JA21,which he has been representing in the European Parliament as part of the European Conservatives and Reformists (ECR) since April 2021.
Henk Otten is a Dutch politician and economist. He has been a member of the Senate since June 2019. He was the co-founder of the party Forum for Democracy (FvD) along with Thierry Baudet. He served as FvD treasurer from 2016 to 2019.
