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| Born | 1938 Jerusalem |
| Nationality | Israeli |
| Citizenship | Israel |
| Known for | Research on Etrog citron and more |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Horticulture |
| Institutions | Hebrew University of Jerusalem |
Eliezer E. Goldschmidt (born 1938, in Jerusalem) is an emeritus professor of agriculture at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He earned his Ph.D. in 1968 and has been a professor since 1982.
Eliezer Goldschmidt was born in Jerusalem in 1938, the eldest son of Joseph Goldschmidt and Elisheva Goldschmidt. He is the elder brother of Prof. Yamima Ben Menachem. Studied at Horev Elementary School and Mizrahi High School for Boys. He was a member of the Nahal core of the Ezra youth movement. In 1955 he studied for one year at the HaDrom yeshiva in Rehovot. In the summer of 1956, he enlisted in the Nahal. After training at Beit Dras, he completed his military service at Kibbutz Hefetz Chaim.
Between 1958 and 1961 he studied for a bachelor's degree at the Faculty of Agriculture at the Hebrew University. In 1963 he completed his master's degree, his dissertation dealt with the examination of the peroxidase enzyme system in citrus tissues. In 1968 he finished his doctorate; The doctoral thesis dealt with the hormonal systems that supervise the growth of branches in citrus trees. In 1970, he completed his post-doctorate in the laboratory of Prof. Jerome Schiff, at Brandeis University in Boston, and was involved in biochemical research on sulfur reduction in algae.
While living in Boston, he met Rabbi Yosef Dov HaLevi Soloveitchik, who ordained him as a rabbi in 1979.
Goldschmidt returned to Israel to the Hebrew University. Between 1972 and 1977 he served as a senior lecturer in the Faculty of Agriculture, in 1978 he became an associate professor, and in 1983 he became a full professor. In 1999 he was appointed the holder of the James de Rothschild Chair of Horticulture.
Goldschmidt Conducted courses for bachelor's and master's degrees in horticulture, citrus, plant hormones, plant physiology and the laws that depend on Israel's land. He also supervised twenty-six doctoral students and many master's students.
Among his positions at the Hebrew University's Faculty of Agriculture, he previously served as chairman of the committee for graduate students in agriculture and applied biology (1986-1990); chairman of the teaching committee (1980-1983); Acting Head of the Department of Horticulture (1978) and Chairman of Plant Science Studies (2001-2003). He was also a member of the Hebrew University's Senior Appointments Committee for Life Sciences (1991-1993), and a member of the Hebrew University's Senior Appointments Committee for Humanities and Social Sciences ( 2000-2003). He held two positions in the Bard Fund for Agricultural Developments United States-Israel: Chairman of the Foundation's Interdisciplinary Evaluation Committee (1982), and Chairman of the Field Crops and Orchards Evaluation Committee (2004-2006). In addition, he also served as a member of the Israel Marketing Council Peri Hadar (1987-1996) and Chairman of the Scientific Council of the University Botanical Gardens in Jerusalem (2002). [1]
Goldschmidt would appear around the holidays on various television programs and explain the plants associated with the holiday. [2]
Prof. Goldschmidt retired in 2006.
His research has focused on general agriculture and on various citrus species.
He is primarily known for his research on citron genetics [3] and shape variability,. [4] He developed an auxin which is instrumental in preserving the style and stigma of the citron; these features figure prominently in determining the halachic status of individual citrons for use as etrogim .
Since retiring from the Hebrew University, he has continued his work on projects to lengthen the shelf life of produce and to increase the productivity of wheat. [5]
Goldschmidt, EE; Huber, SC (1992). "Regulation of photosynthesis by end-product accumulation in leaves of plants storing starch, sucrose, and hexose sugars". Plant Physiology. 99 (4): 1443–1448. doi: 10.1104/pp.99.4.1443 . PMC 1080645 . PMID 16669056.
Trebitsh, T; Goldschmidt, EE; Riov, J (1993). "Ethylene induces de novo synthesis of chlorophyllase, a chlorophyll degrading enzyme, in citrus fruit peel". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 90 (20): 9441–9445. Bibcode:1993PNAS...90.9441T. doi: 10.1073/pnas.90.20.9441 . PMC 47584 . PMID 11607429.
Jacob-Wilk, D; Holland, D; Goldschmidt, EE; Riov, J; Eyal, Y (1999). "Chlorophyll breakdown by chlorophyllase: Isolation and functional expression of the Chlase1 gene from ethylene-treated Citrus fruit and its regulation during development". Plant Journal. 20 (6): 653–661. doi:10.1046/j.1365-313X.1999.00637.x. PMID 10652137.
Droby, S; Vinokur, V; Weiss, B; Cohen, L; Daus, A; Goldschmidt, EE; Porat, R (2002). "Induction of resistance to Penicillium digitatum in grapefruit by the yeast biocontrol agent Candida oleophila". Phytopathology. 92 (4): 393–399. doi:10.1094/PHYTO.2002.92.4.393. PMID 18942952.
Mudge, Ken; Janick, Jules; Scofield, Steven; Goldschmidt, EE (2009). "Chapter 9: A History of Grafting". In Janick, Jules (ed.). Horticultural Reviews. Vol. 35. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp. 437–493. doi:10.1002/9780470593776. ISBN 978-0470-38642-2.
Citrus is a genus of flowering trees and shrubs in the rue family, Rutaceae. Plants in the genus produce citrus fruits, including crops such as oranges, lemons, grapefruits, pomelos, and limes. The genus Citrus is native to South Asia, East Asia, Southeast Asia, Melanesia, and Australia. Various citrus species have been used and domesticated by indigenous cultures in these areas since ancient times. From there its cultivation spread into Micronesia and Polynesia by the Austronesian expansion ; and to the Middle East and the Mediterranean via the incense trade route, and onwards to Europe and the Americas.
Levi Eshkol, born Levi Yitzhak Shkolnik, was an Israeli statesman who served as the third Prime Minister of Israel from 1963 until his death from a heart attack in 1969. A founder of the Israeli Labor Party, he served in numerous senior roles, including Minister of Defense (1963–1967) and Minister of Finance (1952–1963).
Etrog is the yellow citron or Citrus medica used by Jews during the week-long holiday of Sukkot as one of the four species. Together with the lulav, hadass, and aravah, the etrog is taken in hand and held or waved during specific portions of the holiday prayers. Special care is often given to selecting an etrog for the performance of the Sukkot holiday rituals.
The citron, historically cedrate, is a large fragrant citrus fruit with a thick rind. It is said to resemble a 'huge, rough lemon'. It is one of the original citrus fruits from which all other citrus types developed through natural hybrid speciation or artificial hybridization. Though citron cultivars take on a wide variety of physical forms, they are all closely related genetically. It is used in Asian and Mediterranean cuisine, traditional medicines, perfume, and religious rituals and offerings. Hybrids of citrons with other citrus are commercially more prominent, notably lemons and many limes.
Citrus medica var. sarcodactylis, or the fingered citron, is an unusually-shaped citron variety whose fruit is segmented into finger-like sections, resembling those seen on representations of the Buddha. It is called Buddha's hand in many languages including English, Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, and French.
Eliezer David Jaffe was an Israeli professor of social work specializing in philanthropy and non-profit management. He was Professor Emeritus at The Hebrew University's Paul Baerwald School of Social Work and Social Welfare.
Sweet lemon and sweet lime refer to groups of citrus hybrids that contain low acid pulp and juice. They are hybrids often similar to non-sweet lemons or limes, but with less citron parentage. Sweet limes and lemons are not sharply separated:
The sweet lime, Citrus limettioides Tan., is often confused with the sweet lemon, C. limetta Tan., which, in certain areas, is referred to as "sweet lime". In some of the literature, it is impossible to tell which fruit is under discussion.
Agricultural research in Israel is based on close cooperation and interaction between scientists, consultants, farmers and agriculture-related industries. Israel's semi-arid to arid climate and shortage of high quality water are major constraints facing Israeli agriculture. Through extensive greenhouses production, vegetables, fruits and flowers are grown for export to the European markets during the winter off-season.
The ponderosa lemon is a citrus hybrid of a pomelo and a citron. It is not the same as the 'Yuma Ponderosa' lemon-pomelo hybrid used as citrus rootstock.
Chlorophyllase is an essential enzyme in chlorophyll metabolism. It is a membrane proteins commonly known as chlase (EC 3.1.1.14, CLH) with systematic name chlorophyll chlorophyllidohydrolase. It catalyzes the reaction
The Greek citron variety of Citrus medica was botanically classified by Adolf Engler as the "variety etrog". This refers to its major use for the Jewish ritual etrog during Sukkot.
The Diamante citron is a variety of citron named after the town of Diamante, located in the province of Cosenza, Calabria, on the south-western coast of Italy, which is its most known cultivation point. This is why this variety is sometimes called the "Calabria Esrog". "Esrog" is the Ashkenazi Hebrew name for citron.
The balady citron is a variety of citron, or etrog, grown in Israel and Palestine, mostly for Jewish ritual purposes. Not native to the region, it was imported around 500 or 300 BCE by either Jewish or Greek settlers. Initially not widely grown, it was promoted and popularized in the 1870s by Rabbi Chaim Elozor Wax.
The Yemenite citron is a variety of citron, usually containing no juice vesicles in its fruit's segments. The bearing tree and the mature fruit's size are somewhat larger than the trees and fruit of other varieties of citron.
The Moroccan citron is a true citron variety native to Assads, Morocco, which is still today its main center of cultivation.
Moshe (Max) W. Prausnitz was an Israeli archaeologist who specialized in the prehistory field.
Israel Jacob Kligler was a microbiologist, Zionist and humanist. Kligler was born in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, educated in the United States and spent most of his career in Mandatory Palestine, but died before the creation of the State of Israel. He was one of the first four professors of the Hebrew University and the founder of Department of Hygiene and Bacteriology of the university, which he headed until his death in 1944. Kligler was one of the pioneers of modern medical research in Mandatory Palestine, studying as varied a field as Bacteriology, Parasitology, Virology, Nutrition, Epidemiology and Public Health. He developed the Kligler Iron Agar medium for the isolation and identification of intestinal bacteria, which is still in use today.
Citrus taxonomy refers to the botanical classification of the species, varieties, cultivars, and graft hybrids within the genus Citrus and related genera, found in cultivation and in the wild.
Shlomo Margel is a Professor of Chemistry at Bar Ilan University specializing in polymers, biopolymers, functional thin films, encapsulation, surface chemistry, nanotechnology, nanobiotechnology and agro-nanotechnology.
Elisabeth Goldschmidt was a German-born Israeli geneticist who founded the genetics program at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. She has been described as "the founding mother of the field of genetics in Israel".
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