Erythrocles | |
---|---|
Japanese rubyfish (E. schlegelii) | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Actinopterygii |
Order: | Acanthuriformes |
Family: | Emmelichthyidae |
Genus: | Erythrocles D. S. Jordan, 1919 |
Type species | |
Emmelichthys schlegelii J. Richardson, 1846 [1] | |
Synonyms [1] | |
Erythrocles is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Emmelichthyidae, the rovers, bonnetmouths or rubyfishes. The fishes in this genus are found in the western Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans.
Erythrocles was first proposed as a genus name in 1919 by the American ichthyologist David Starr Jordan as a replacement for Erythtichthys, a name proposed by Coenraad Jacob Temminck and Hermann Schlegel in 1845 but which was preoccupied by a name proposed by Charles Lucien Bonaparte in 1831 as an unnecessary replacement for the trahira genus Erythrinus Scopoli, 1777. Temminck and Schlegel did not add any species to the genus they described but John Richardson added one, Emmelichthys schlegelii, in 1846. In 1919 Jordan published his replacement name and confirmed Richardson's E. schlegelii as the type species. [1] The genus is classified in the small family Emmelichthyidae which is included in the order Acanthuriformes. [2]
There are currently six recognized species in this genus: [3]
Erythrocles rubyfishes have an oblong body that has a depth of one-fifth to one-third of its standard length and which is less than the length of the head. The dorsal fin is incised to its base immediately before the last dorsal fin spine. The first dorsal fin contains 10 spines with the second dorsal fin having a single spine and between 10 and 12 soft rays. [4] The anal fin has 2 or 3 spines and 9 or 10 soft rays. [5] The final 2 rays of dorsal and anal fins are elongated, notably longer than the ray immediately in front of them and largely enclosed in a sheath covered in scales. The lower margin of the preorbital bone is smooth or may have tiny serrations. [4] The largest species is the Japanese rubyfish (E. schlegelii) with a maximum published total length of 72 cm (28 in) while the smallest is E. acarina which has a maximum published standard length of 8.9 cm (3.5 in). [3]
Erythrocles rubyfishes are found in the eastern and western central Atlantic, the Indian and the western and central Pacific Oceans.
Epinephelus is a genus of marine ray-finned fish, groupers from the subfamily Epinephelinae, part of the family Serranidae, which also includes the anthias and sea basses. They are predatory fish, largely associated with reefs and are found in tropical and subtropical seas throughout the world. They are important target species for fisheries.
Stichaeidae, the pricklebacks or shannies, are a family of marine ray-finned fishes in the suborder Zoarcoidei of the order Scorpaeniformes. Most species are found in the North Pacific Ocean with a few in the North Atlantic Ocean.
The striped boarfish, also known as whiskered boarfish, Japanese boarfish, sailfin armourhead or whiskered armorhead, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, an armourhead om the family Pentacerotidae, which is native to the Pacific Ocean from the Hawaiian Islands westward to the coast of Asia and Australia. This is a reef-dwelling fish found at depths between 18 and 193 m. It can reach a total length of 90 cm (35 in). It is currently the only known member of the genus Evistias.
Emmelichthyidae is a small family of small to medium-sized marine ray-finned fishes known commonly as rovers, bonnetmouths or rubyfishes.
Emmelichthys nitidus, the Cape bonnetmouth, bonnetmouth, redbait, pearl fish, picarel, red baitfish, red herring or Southern rover, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Emmelichthyidae, the rovers and bonnetmouths. This species is found in the Indian and Pacific oceans. This species is of minor importance to commercial fisheries.
The rubyfish, also known as the cosmopolitan rubyfish, red ruby or ruby rover, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, belonging to the family Emmelichthyidae, the rovers, bonnetmouths and rubyfishes. This species is found from the southeastern Atlantic Ocean off South Africa through the Indian Ocean to the southwestern Pacific Ocean around Australia and New Zealand. This species is commercially important.
The yellow grouper, also known as the banded grouper, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a grouper from the subfamily Epinephelinae which is part of the family Serranidae, which also includes the anthias and sea basses. It is found in eastern Asian waters of the Western Pacific Ocean. Its natural habitats are shallow seas and rocky reefs.
Platax pinnatus, also known as the longfin batfish, pinnate spadefish, pinnate batfish, pinnatus batfish, dusky batfish, shaded batfish, or red-faced batfish is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Ephippidae, the spadefishes and batfishes. This species is found in the western Pacific Ocean and occasionally is kept in marine aquariums.
Dicentrarchus is a genus of ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Moronidae, the temperate basses. The two species in this genus are found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. The species in this genus are economically important food fishes.
The dusky velvetfish is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a velvetfish belonging to the family Aploactinidae. It is the only member of the monotypic genus Aploactis. This species is found in the western Pacific Ocean.
Acanthocepola is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Cepolidae the bandfishes. They are native to the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean.
Emmelichthys is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Emmelichthyidae, the rovers and bonnetmouths. The species in this genus are found in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans.
Plagiogeneion i is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Emmelichthyidae, the rovers, bonnetmouths or rubyfishes. The fishes in this genus are found in the southeastern Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans.
Cepola schlegelii i is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cepolidae, the bandfishes. It is found in the Indo-West Pacific region.
Parabembras curta, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Bembridae, the deepwater flatheads. It is found in western Pacific Ocean.
The oval grouper also known as the blackfin grouper, melon-seed grouper or oval rockcod, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a grouper from the subfamily Epinephelinae which is part of the family Serranidae, which also includes the anthias and sea basses. It is found in the Western Pacific Ocean.
Hapalogenys nigripinnis, the short barbeled velvetchin or short barbeled grunter is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a velvetchin belonging to the family Hapalogenyidae. It is found in the north western Pacific Ocean.
The blackspotted gurnard, also known as the half-spotted gurnard, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Triglidae, the gurnards and sea robins. It is found in the Indo-Pacific region.
The Atlantic rubyfish, also known as the crimson rover, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Emmelichthyidae, the rovers, bonnetmouths and rubyfishes. This fish is found in the eastern and western central Atlantic Ocean.
The Japanese rubyfish also known as the Pacific rover or dusky rover, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Emmelichthyidae, the rovers, bonnetmouths and rubyfishes. This fish is found in the Indian and western Pacific Oceans.