Eucalyptus conferruminata

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Bald Island marlock
Eucalyptus conferruminata.jpg
Eucalyptus conferruminata, Melbourne
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Fruit: Cranbourne Botanic Gardens
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Myrtales
Family: Myrtaceae
Genus: Eucalyptus
Species:
E. conferruminata
Binomial name
Eucalyptus conferruminata
E. conferruminata.JPG
E. conferruminata, field distribution
Eucalyptus conferruminata flowers and buds Eucalyptus-20070325-011.jpg
Eucalyptus conferruminata flowers and buds
Eucalyptus conferruminata fruits Eucalyptus-20070325-014.jpg
Eucalyptus conferruminata fruits
Eucalyptus conferruminata buds Eucalyptus-20070325-012.jpg
Eucalyptus conferruminata buds

Eucalyptus conferruminata, commonly known as Bald Island marlock or bushy yate, [3] is a small tree or mallee endemic to the south coast of Western Australia. It has smooth whitish and grey bark, elliptic to oblong or egg-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in fused in groups of between fifteen and twenty one, green to yellowish flowers and fruit forming a woody mass.

Contents

Description

This mallee or tree typically grows to a height of 2 to 8 metres (7 to 26 ft) and has smooth, grey and whitish bark and a bushy habit. Adult leaves are elliptical to oblong or egg-shaped, 40–90 mm (1.6–3.5 in) long, 10–30 mm (0.39–1.18 in) wide and the same glossy, light green colour on both surfaces. The flower buds are arranged in groups of between fifteen and twenty one or more in leaf axils on a broad, strap-like peduncle 30–70 mm (1.2–2.8 in) long. The buds are fused at the hypanthium with only the upper part free. The combined length of the fused hypanthia and each operculum is about 30–45 mm (1.2–1.8 in). The operculum is horn-shaped and about four to six times the length of the fused hypanthia. Green to yellow-green flowers appear from late winter to late spring between August and November. The fruit are fused to form a woody mass 14–26 mm (0.55–1.02 in) wide with three valves extending beyond the rim but remaining fused at their tips. The seeds are blackish brown with a flattened-ovoid to cuboid shape and are released through the gap between the valves. [4] [5] [6] [7]

Taxonomy

The species was first formally described by the botanists Denis John Carr and Stella Grace Maisie Carr in 1981 and the description was published in the Australian Journal of Botany . The type specimen was collected by Alex George on Middle Mount Barren in 1970. [8] [9] The specific epithet (conferruminata) is from the Latin conferruminatus meaning "fused", referring to the fused buds and fruit. [4] [10]

In 2008, Dean Nicolle, Malcolm French and Nathan McQuoid described two subspecies of E. conferruminata and the names have been accepted by the Australian Plant Census:

E. conferruminata belongs in Eucalyptus subgenus Symphyomyrtus section Bisectae subsection Hadrotes because the coarsely bisected cotyledons, erect stamens and larger thick rimmed fruits. The subsection Hadrotes contains ten species of which eight do not have oil glands in the branchlet pith. Together these eight species form series Lehmannianae, a group that have fruit with exserted valves that have fused tips even after the seeds are lost, a feature also shared with the distantly related Eucalyptus cornuta . [4]

Of the eight species in series Lehmannianae four species, E. conferruminata, E. lehmannii , E. mcquoidii and E. arborella all have the buds in an axillary cluster that is fused basally. [4]

Distribution

Native distribution is limited to the south of Western Australia, from Two Peoples Bay east to beyond Esperance, including islands in the Archipelago of the Recherche. It is always found in coastal areas, often on massive granite rocks. [14] It is often found on hillsides and in gullies growing in sandy-loamy soils over granite or quartzite. [6]

The species has become naturalised in other parts of the Southwest region of Western Australia, via revegetation projects, windbreaks, and as a garden escapee. [6] E. conferruminata has a limited distribution in Victoria where it has become sparingly established in the Gippsland and Wimmera areas after having spread by seed dispersal from planted trees. [5] The species, once sold as Eucalyptus lehmannii, has also become naturalised in California. [15]

The subspecies most commonly cultivated in coastal regions of southern Australia, including in metropolitan areas of Perth and Adelaide is subspecies recherche. Subspecies conferruminata is endemic to the Recherche Archipelago and does not occur naturally on the mainland. [12]

Use in horticulture

The plant is sold commercially as an ornamental, wind break or for erosion control. It will tolerate drought once established, moderate frost and grows in a variety of soil types including waterlogged soils. [3]

See also

Related Research Articles

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<i>Eucalyptus erythronema</i> Species of eucalyptus

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<i>Eucalyptus platypus</i> Species of eucalyptus

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<i>Eucalyptus cornuta</i> Species of eucalyptus

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<i>Eucalyptus lansdowneana</i> Species of plant

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<i>Eucalyptus goniocalyx</i> Species of plant

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<i>Eucalyptus lehmannii</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus lehmannii, commonly known as bushy yate, is a eucalypt in the myrtle family Myrtaceae endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a small tree with an oval, spreading form and dense foliage which sometimes reaches to the ground. It is widely cultivated in Australia and the United States because of its ornamental shape and decorative flowers, buds and fruit. There has been some confusion about its classification because of its ability to hybridise.

<i>Eucalyptus socialis</i> Species of plant

Eucalyptus socialis, commonly known as the red mallee, or grey mallee, is a species of mallee that is endemic to inland Australia.

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<i>Eucalyptus calycogona</i> Species of plant in Australia

Eucalyptus calycogona, commonly known as the gooseberry mallee or square fruited mallee, is a mallee that is endemic to southern Australia. It has smooth bark, narrow lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds that are square in cross-section arranged in groups of seven in leaf axils, creamy white, sometimes pink flowers, and fruit that are square in cross-section.

<i>Eucalyptus insularis</i> Species of eucalyptus

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<i>Eucalyptus kessellii</i> Species of eucalyptus

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<i>Eucalyptus obtusiflora</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus obtusiflora, commonly known as Dongara mallee, is a species of mallee that is endemic to Western Australia. It has smooth greyish or brownish bark that is often imperfectly shed, lance-shaped to curved adult leaves, flower buds usually in groups of seven or nine, creamy white flowers and cup-shaped, conical or barrel-shaped fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus phenax</i> Species of plant

Eucalyptus phenax, commonly known as green dumosa mallee or white mallee, is a species of mallee that is endemic to southern Australia. It has smooth bark, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven or nine, white flowers and cup-shaped to cylindrical fruit.

Eucalyptus suggrandis is a species of mallee that is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It has smooth, shiny bark, linear to elliptical leaves, flower buds in groups of three or seven, creamy white flowers and cup-shaped to conical fruit.

<i>Corymbia eremaea</i> Species of plant

Corymbia eremaea, commonly known as mallee bloodwood, hill bloodwood and Centre Range bloodwood, is a small, mallee-like tree that is endemic to central Australia. Indigenous Australians know the plant as muur-muurpa. It has rough, evenly tessellated bark, lance-shaped leaves, oval to pear-shaped flower buds arranged on a branching peduncle and urn-shaped fruit.

Corymbia stockeri, commonly known as blotchy bloodwood, is a species of small tree that is endemic to Cape York Peninsula in Queensland. It has rough, tessellated bark on the trunk and branches, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, creamy white flowers and barrel-shaped to urn-shaped fruit.

Eucalyptus sinuosa, commonly known as octopus mallee, is a species of mallee that is endemic to Western Australia. It has smooth bark, linear leaves, flower buds fused together in clusters of between eleven and twenty-five, greenish yellow flowers and fruit that are fused into a woody mass.

<i>Eucalyptus mcquoidii</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus mcquoidii, commonly known as the Quoin Head marlock, is a species of marlock, mallee or small tree that is endemic to a restricted area in Western Australia. It has smooth, greyish bark, glossy green, linear to narrow oblong adult leaves, flower buds in clusters of up to fifty that are fused at their bases, greenish flowers and fruit in spherical masses.

Eucalyptus distuberosa is a species of mallet that is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has smooth dark grey to tan-coloured or creamy white bark, glossy dark green, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, white flowers and cup-shaped to conical fruit.

References

  1. ↑ Fensham, R.; Laffineur, B.; Collingwood, T. (2019). "Eucalyptus conferruminata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T133378635A133378638. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T133378635A133378638.en . Retrieved 24 September 2021.
  2. ↑ "Eucalyptus conferruminata". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 3 May 2019.
  3. 1 2 "Eucalyptus conferruminata". Australian Native Plants. Retrieved 22 December 2017.
  4. 1 2 3 4 "Eucalyptus conferruminata". Euclid: Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research. Retrieved 4 June 2020.
  5. 1 2 "Eucalyptus conferruminata D.J.Carr & S.G.M.Carr". VicFlora. Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria . Retrieved 22 December 2017.
  6. 1 2 3 "Eucalyptus conferruminata". FloraBase . Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
  7. ↑ Chippendale, George M. "Eucalyptus conferruminata". Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of the Environment and Energy, Canberra. Retrieved 3 May 2019.
  8. ↑ "Eucalyptus conferruminata". APNI. Retrieved 3 May 2019.
  9. ↑ Carr, Denis John; Carr, Stella Grace Maisie (1980). "The Lehmannianae: a Natural Group of Western Australian Eucalypts". Australian Journal of Botany. 28 (6): 535. doi:10.1071/BT9800523.
  10. ↑ Francis Aubie Sharr (2019). Western Australian Plant Names and their Meanings. Kardinya, Western Australia: Four Gables Press. p. 168. ISBN   9780958034180.
  11. ↑ "Eucalyptus conferruminata subsp. conferruminata". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 3 May 2019.
  12. 1 2 3 Nicolle, Dean; French, Malcolm E.; McQuoid, Nathan K. (2008). "A revision of Eucalyptus ser. Cornutae subser. Conjunctae (Myrtaceae) from the south coast of Western Australia, including the description of four new taxa and comments on the hybrid origin of E. bennettiae" (PDF). Nuytsia. 18: 199–205. Retrieved 3 May 2019.
  13. ↑ "Eucalyptus conferruminata subsp. recherche". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 3 May 2019.
  14. ↑ Brooker, I. & Kleinig, D., Eucalyptus, An illustrated guide to identification, Reed Books, Melbourne, 1996
  15. ↑ Bracewell, Ronald; Rawlings, John. "Eucalyptus lehmannii, bushy yate · E. conferruminata, bald island marlock | Trees of Stanford & Environs". trees.stanford.edu. Retrieved 27 June 2018.
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