Eurybia macrophylla

Last updated

Largeleaf aster
Eurybia macrophylla.jpg
Status TNC G5.svg
Secure  (NatureServe) [1]
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Genus: Eurybia
Species:
E. macrophylla
Binomial name
Eurybia macrophylla
Synonyms [2]
Synonymy
  • Aster macrophyllusL.
  • Aster multiformis E.S.Burgess
  • Aster riciniatusE.S.Burgess
  • Aster ianthinusE.S.Burgess
  • Aster nobilisE.S.Burgess
  • Aster roscidusE.S.Burgess
  • Aster violarisE.S.Burgess
  • Biotia latifoliaCass.
  • Biotia macrophylla(L.) DC
  • Eurybia jussieiCass.
  • Aster ambiguusBernh. ex Nees
  • Aster jussiei(Coss.) E.S.Burgess
  • Aster latifoliusDesf.
  • Aster polyphyllusMoench
  • Aster subcymosusBernh. ex Nees

Eurybia macrophylla, commonly known as the bigleaf aster, [3] large-leaved aster, [4] largeleaf aster or bigleaf wood aster, is an herbaceous perennial in the family Asteraceae that was formerly treated in the genus Aster . It is native to eastern North America, with a range extending from eastern and central Canada (from Nova Scotia to Manitoba) through the northeastern deciduous and mixed forests of New England and the Great Lakes region and south along the Appalachians as far as the northeastern corner of Georgia, and west as far as Minnesota, Missouri and Arkansas. [5] The flowers appear in the late summer to early fall and show ray florets that are usually either a deep lavender or violet, but sometimes white, and disc florets that are cream-coloured or light yellow, becoming purple as they mature. It is one of the parent species of the hybrid Eurybia × herveyi . [6]

Contents

Description

Eurybia macrophylla is a perennial herbaceous plant with alternate, simple, toothed leaves. The basal leaves are large and heart-shaped, whereas the upper stem leaves are smaller and lance-shaped. [7] The flowers form on flat-topped corymbs. [8]

Distribution and habitat

Eurybia macrophylla is native to southern parts of eastern and central Canada and to northern parts of the eastern and central United States, south to northern Georgia in the Appalachian Mountains. [6] [5] In Canada, it is common in Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island. [6] In the United States, it can be found in all states east of and including Minnesota, Iowa, Illinois, Missouri and Tennessee. [5] It may also be present in Mississippi. The plant has also been introduced outside of its native range into northern Europe. It is most often encountered at 0 to 1300 metre (0–4300 feet) elevations in moist to dry soils in association with hemlocknorthern hardwood, beechmaple or pine forests, Appalachian sprucefir forests, as well as with aspen, pine or open spruce woodlands. It can also be found in thickets, clearings or along shaded roadsides. [6]

Growth form of Eurybia macrophylla, showing large, heart-shaped basal leaves and lance-shaped upper leaves Eurybia macrophylla mosbo6.jpg
Growth form of Eurybia macrophylla, showing large, heart-shaped basal leaves and lance-shaped upper leaves

Conservation status within the United States

It is listed as endangered in Iowa and as a special concern in Rhode Island. [3]

Uses

The large, thick young leaves can be cooked and eaten as greens. [9] The Algonquin people of Quebec use the leaves in this way. [10]

The Iroquois use the root as a blood medicine, and they also use a compound decoction of the roots to loosen the bowels to treat venereal disease. [11] The Ojibwa bathe their heads with an infusion of this plant to treat headaches. [12] They also smoke it as hunting charm to attract deer. [13] They consume the young leaves of the plant as both food and medicine, and use the roots to make soup. [14]

Related Research Articles

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<i>Claytonia virginica</i> Species of plant

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<i>Uvularia grandiflora</i> Species of flowering plant

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<i>Symphyotrichum puniceum</i> Species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae native to North America

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<i>Cardamine diphylla</i> Species of flowering plant in the cabbage family Brassicaceae

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<i>Eurybia divaricata</i> North American species of flowering plant

Eurybia divaricata, the white wood aster, is an herbaceous plant native to eastern North America. It occurs in the eastern United States, primarily in the Appalachian Mountains, though it is also present in southeastern Canada, but only in about 25 populations in the provinces of Ontario and Quebec. In the U.S. it is abundant and common, but in Canada it is considered threatened due to its restricted distribution. It has been introduced to a number of countries in Europe. It can be found in dry open woods as well as along wood-edges and clearings. The species is distinguished by its flower heads that have yellow centers and white rays that are arranged in flat-topped corymbiform arrays, emerging in the late summer through fall. Other distinguishing characteristics include its serpentine stems and sharply serrated narrow heart-shaped leaves. The white wood aster is sometimes used in cultivation in both North America and Europe due to it being quite tough and for its showy flowers.

<i>Eurybia</i> (plant) Genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae

Eurybia is a genus of plants in the family Asteraceae that were previously included in the genus Aster. Most species are native to North America, although one is also present in northern Eurasia. There are 23 species in the genus, including 1 natural hybrid. The name was first applied by Alexandre de Cassini in 1820. The name is derived from Ancient Greek εὐρύς (eurús), meaning "wide", and βαιός (baiós), meaning "few", perhaps in reference to the small number of relatively wide ray florets.

<i>Eurybia schreberi</i> Species of flowering plant

Eurybia schreberi, commonly called Schreber's aster or nettle-leaved Michaelmas-daisy, is a perennial herb in the family Asteraceae. It is native to eastern North America, where it is present in Canada and the United States. The flower heads emerge in the late summer or early fall to show white ray florets and yellow disc florets. It is listed as endangered in Indiana and Iowa, of special concern in Tennessee and possibly extirpated in Maine.

<i>Eurybia surculosa</i> Species of flowering plant

Eurybia surculosa, commonly known as the creeping aster, is an herbaceous perennial in the family Asteraceae that was previously treated in the genus Aster. It is native to the eastern United States where it is found in sandy soils along the coastal plain, though when E. compacta is also present, it exists farther inland in the southern Appalachian Mountains and the Cumberland Plateau. Although the species is not seriously threatened, it is locally endangered in Virginia and Alabama. The flowers, which have bluish violet ray florets and pale yellow disc florets that eventually turn purplish, emerge in summer and persist into the fall.

<i>Eurybia spectabilis</i> Species of flowering plant

Eurybia spectabilis, commonly known as the eastern showy aster, simply showy aster or purple wood aster, is an herbaceous perennial native to the eastern United States. It is present along the coastal plain of the U.S. where it is most often found growing in dry, sandy soils. Although it is not considered threatened due to its extensive range, it is locally endangered in many states. The flowers appear in the fall and show ray florets that are a violet-purple and yellow disc florets. It is one of the parent species of the hybrid Eurybia × herveyi.

<i>Eurybia chlorolepis</i> Species of plant in the family Asteraceae

Eurybia chlorolepis, commonly known as the mountain wood aster, mountain aster, or Appalachian heartleaf aster, is a perennial, herbaceous plant native to the southeastern United States. It is present only at relatively high elevations in the Appalachian mountains. Although it is not considered seriously threatened due to a large number of sites in some of its range, it is often locally endangered and possibly extirpated in the south of its range.

<i>Eurybia sibirica</i> Species of plant

Eurybia sibirica, commonly known as the Siberian aster or arctic aster, is an herbaceous perennial native to north western North America and northern Eurasia. It is found largely in open areas of subarctic boreal forests, though it is also found in a wide variety of habitats in the region. It is similar in appearance to Eurybia merita, but their ranges overlap only near the border between the US and Canada, where E. sibirica is generally found at higher elevations.

<i>Eurybia hemispherica</i> Species of flowering plant

Eurybia hemispherica, commonly known as the southern prairie aster, is an herbaceous plant in the composite family (Asteraceae). It is native to the south-central United States, primarily the lower Mississippi Valley and southeastern Great Plains, from Kansas south to Texas and east to Kentucky, Tennessee, and the Florida Panhandle. Its natural habitat is typically in upland prairies or dry savannas. It is less commonly found in open moist areas, in sandy-loamy soil.

Eurybia radulina, commonly known as the roughleaf aster, is an herbaceous perennial in the family Asteraceae. It is native to western North America, where it is present primarily west of the Cascade Range in both Canada and the United States. Its habitats include dry rock outcrops, slopes, edges of forests, and oak woodlands.

Eurybia jonesiae, commonly known as Jones's aster or Almut's wood aster, is a North American species of herbaceous perennial native to the Southeastern United States, primarily in the state of Georgia with a few populations in eastern Alabama. It is found mostly in the Piedmont Region in rich oak-hickory-pine forest. Within these rich woods, it has an affinity for moist soils with habitats that include ravines, rocky ridges, and wooded slopes in the vicinity of rivers and streams. Due to its restricted range it is considered threatened by the Nature Conservancy. It has often been misidentified as Eurybia spectabilis and was declared a separate species quite recently in 1988. The flowers emerge in the late summer and persist into the fall bearing cream-coloured ray florets that become purple and yellow disc florets.

<i>Symphyotrichum sericeum</i> Species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae native to central North America

Symphyotrichum sericeum is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae native to central North America. Commonly known as western silver aster, western silvery aster, and silky aster, it is a perennial, herbaceous plant that may reach 70 centimeters tall. Its flowers have purple ray florets and pink then purple disk florets, and its leaves are firm and silvery-green.

<i>Veratrum hybridum</i> Species of flowering plant

Veratrum hybridum is a species of flowering plant in the Melanthiaceae known by the common names slender bunchflower and crisped bunchflower. Many publications use the synonyms Melanthium latifolium and Veratrum latifolium, but the "hybridum" epithet is 9 years older than the "latifolium," so Veratrum hybridum is now the accepted name.

<i>Symphyotrichum prenanthoides</i> Species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae native to North America

Symphyotrichum prenanthoides is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common name crookedstem aster. It is native to northcentral and northeastern North America.

<i>Symphyotrichum firmum</i> Species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae native to North America

Symphyotrichum firmum, commonly known as shining aster, shiny-leaved aster, smooth swamp aster, and glossy-leaved aster, is a species of flowering plant in the daisy family Asteraceae native to Canada and the United States.

<i>Symphyotrichum chapmanii</i> Species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae native to Alabama and Florida, US

Symphyotrichum chapmanii is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae native to the Apalachicola River drainage basin of Alabama and Florida. Commonly known as savanna aster, it is a perennial, herbaceous plant that may reach 30 to 80 centimeters tall. Its flowers have purple to blue-lavender ray florets and pale yellow disk florets. It is a wetland species and is of conservation concern. It may be extirpated in Alabama.

References

  1. NatureServe (2006), "Eurybia macrophylla", NatureServe Explorer: An online encyclopedia of life, Version 6.1., Arlington, Virginia, retrieved 2007-06-13
  2. "Eurybia macrophylla", The Global Compositae Checklist (GCC) via The Plant List Note that this website has been superseded by World Flora Online
  3. 1 2 USDA, NRCS (n.d.), "Eurybia macrophylla", The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov), Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team, retrieved 22 January 2018
  4. BSBI List 2007 (xls), Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland, archived from the original (xls) on 2015-06-26, retrieved 2014-10-17
  5. 1 2 3 "Eurybia macrophylla", County-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA), Biota of North America Program (BONAP), 2014
  6. 1 2 3 4 Flora of North America.
  7. "Eurybia macrophylla - Plant Finder". www.missouribotanicalgarden.org. Retrieved 2021-10-21.
  8. "Large-leaved Aster (Eurybia macrophylla) - Ontario Wildflowers". ontariowildflowers.com. Retrieved 2021-10-21.
  9. Thieret 2001, p. 369.
  10. Black 1980, p. 108.
  11. Herrick 1977, p. 462.
  12. Smith 1932, p. 363.
  13. Smith 1932, p. 429.
  14. Smith 1932, p. 398.

Bibliography